This document discusses quinoa production, including its importance as a superfood high in protein, ability to grow in saline soils, and increasing cultivation in Pakistan. It provides details on soil preparation, recommended planting time and seed rate, fertilizer requirements, common varieties, weed and pest control, and average yields of up to 5 tons per hectare. The key points covered are quinoa's nutritional profile, suitability for saline soils, economic value, and production guidelines.
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this slide includes recent approaches to evaluate cropping system.
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3. Importance
It is considered as a super food due to its vital nutritional profile.
It also contains high amount of protein which is almost 17 to 21 percent as
compare to rice and wheat which contain 3% and 13%.
The most important feature of this crop is that it is a halophyte and easily
grows in saline soil.
It is more economical to grow due to its high demand in developed
countries.
it was grown in areas of Faisalabad, Chakwal and Sheikupura, Haripur,
and Hazara, at that time its 1kg seed price was 3000 rupees.
Now more than 100 acres is under cultivation of this crop and recently
price of 1kg seed is 600 rupees.
4. USES
Its grain can be grounded to make floor.
Grains used for making food, biscuit, bread, sauces, pasta, cakes and
juices.
Saponins present in plant is used for making detergent, shampoo, beer,
toothpaste pesticides and antibiotics.
it can also be used in local sweet dishes like halva and kheer as a substitute
of wheat and rice.
It also used in medicines.
5. Soil & Seedbed Preparation:
This crop grows well on sandy-loam to loamy-sand soils.
Quinoa requires a level, well-drained seedbed in order to
avoid waterlogging.
6. Sowing Time & seed rate
Seed is planted in late April to mid –May.
small size of the seed it susceptible to make nursery and after nursery
germination, after 25 days the nursery shifted to field.
4-5 kg seed use for 1 acer nursery
Stands of 130,000 plants/acre recomended
9. Weeds
Weed control in quinoa fields is difficult since plants grow slowly during
the first two weeks after emergence.
In commercial fields of southern Colorado, pigweed, kochia,
lambsquarters, and sunflower have been the most common weeds.
There are no registered herbicides for quinoa at this time.
10. Diseases & Control
Diseases such as damping off (Sclerotium rolfsii), downy mildew
(Peronospora farinosa), stalk rot (Phoma exigua var. foveata), leaf spot
(Ascochyta hyalospora), grey mold (Botrytis cinerea), and bacterial blight
(Pseudomonas sp.)
Difenoconazol and copper type fungicides use to control the diseases.
11. Insects
The sugarbeet root aphid (Pemphigus populivenae) has significantly
reduced yields in isolated research fields of Colorado. Since this crop
requires little water, the soil will crack and allow aphids access to the
roots. There are no pesticides cleared for use on quinoa.
