internship report of Ayub Agricultural research Institutes Faisalabad

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INTERNSHIP REPORT
BY
M. HABIB ULLAH 2015-Ag-7783
8th
semester
Internship report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCES (HONS)
IN
AGRI. SCIENCES (AGRONOMY)
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, FAISALABAD SUB CAMPUS
DEPALPUR, OKARA

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DEDICATION
This report is dedicated to my parents, friends and family. This report is also
dedicated to my internship Supervisors Dr. Naveed Akhtar, Dr. Babar Hussain
Babar, Muhammad Idrees and Hafiz Naveed Ramzan the honorable supervisory
committee. This report is further dedicated to the honorable management and
respected executives of the Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural
Research Institute Faisalabad.
M. HABIB ULLAH

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CERTIFICATION
To,
The Principal,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
Sub Campus Depalpur, Okara.
It is certified that M. HABIB ULLAH (2015-Ag-7783) student of B.Sc.
(Hons) Agri. Sciences 8th
semester Department of Agronomy, University of
Agriculture Faisalabad Sub Campus Depalpur (Okara) has completed his internship
at Vegetable and Oil Seeds Section, Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub
Agricultural Research institute, Faisalabad under our supervision and completed his
necessary experiments. Student have been found satisfactory.
SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE
1. Dr. Naveed Akhtar _________________________
(Chief Scientist)
2. Dr. Babar Hussain Babar _________________________
(Scientific Officer)
3. Hafiz Naveed Ramzan _________________________
4. Muhammad Idrees _________________________

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Acknowledgement
All praises to Almighty Allah alone, the most merciful and the most
compassionate and his Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) the most perfect and
dignified, exalted one among and of ever borne on the surface of the earth, how is
forever torch of guidance and knowledge for the humanity. I feel great pleasure in
expressing my appreciation and gratitude to my worthy internship supervisors, Dr.
Naveed Akhter, Dr. Babar Hussain Babar, Hafiz Naveed Ramzan and
Muhammad Idrees, Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agriculture Institute,
Faisalabad, for their help, valuable suggestions, sincere advices, personal interest
and supervision of this report. I thank with deep motion of gratitude and great
appreciation to all scientists of Agronomic Research Institute Faisalabad, Ayub
Agriculture Institute, Faisalabad, for their great support, sincere cooperation and
kind behavior during my internship. Cordial thanks are extended to my Best friends,
my colleagues and all other well-wisher for their consistent support and
encouragement during my studies. Last but not the least, I have deep appreciation
and the best regard for the affection and financial cooperation of my beloved Father
Hafiz Abdul Sattar and family members without whose sacrifice and prays, the
present would have been a mere dream, may Allah give them a long and happy life
with me. “Ameen”
M. HABIB ULLAH

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CONTENTS
Sr. No Topic Page No
1 Introduction of Ayub Agricultural Research
Institute, Faisalabad
6-8
2 Agronomic Research Institute, Faisalabad 9-14
3 Vegetable and Oil Seeds Section, Faisalabad 15-16
4 Assigned Experiment 17-35
5 Visit/ Seminar/Conference 36-40
6 Conservation Agriculture 41-43

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Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad
Introduction
Agriculture bears great economic importance. It plays pivotal role in strengthening national
economy. Pakistan is an agricultural country and agriculture has been the single largest sector
playing main role in earning remarkable foreign exchange. This role can be further extended by
improving the existing farming sector. In rural areas that are located at a very distant place our
farmers still using old fashioned and traditional agricultural system, which results in poor
production and outcome. This is era of improved science and technology, which should be adapted
by our farming system according to the latest technologies. Ayub Agricultural Research Institute
(AARI), Faisalabad is the principal institution producing agricultural technology which is acting
as an engine for the economic growth of Pakistan. AARI was originated in 1962 after the division
of research and education working under the former Punjab Agricultural College and Research
Institute Lyallpur (Established in 1906), being one of the significant research organizations of the
country. Its objective is to develop technologies for food safety, sustaining generation, economic
safeguard, value addition and conservation of natural resources. AARI was the beacon to the green
revolution in the country in late sixties and since then constantly playing a key role in meeting the
post green revolution productivity challenges and safeguarding national food security.
Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane and Cotton are the most important crops that are mostly grown in Pakistan.
The performance of these four crops is very important for the sustainability of national economy.

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Pakistan consistently has attained more than 5% growth rate only in the years of good crops of
Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane and Cotton. Numerous studies have showed that agriculture research has
a positive and significant influence on agricultural output and yields high rate of return.
Research Institutes/Sections at AARI Faisalabad
1. Wheat Research Institute, Faisalabad
2. Sugarcane Research Institute, Faisalabad
3. Oilseeds Research Institute, Faisalabad
4. Pulses Research Institute, Faisalabad
5. Horticultural Research Institute, Faisalabad
6. Vegetable Research Institute, Faisalabad
7. Agronomic Research Institute, Faisalabad
8. Entomological Research Institute, Faisalabad
9. Post- Harvest Research Institute, Faisalabad
10. Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Faisalabad
11. Statistical Section AARI, Faisalabad
12. Agricultural Economics Section, Faisalabad
13. Plant Pathology Research Institute, Faisalabad
Main Library & IT Department, AARI, Faisalabad
Other Outstation/Institutes of AARI
1. Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar
2. Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal
3. Cotton Research Institute, Multan
4. Citrus Research Institute, Sargodha
5. Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha
6. Maize & Millets Research Institute, Yosafwala, Sahiwal
7. Mango Research Institute, Multan
8. Potato Research Institute, Sahiwal
9. Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bahawalpur

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10. Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku
11. Rapid Soil Fertility Research Institute, Lahore
12. Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute, Chakwal
13. Soil Salinity Research Institute, Pindi Bhattian
14. Institute of Soil chemistry and environmental sciences, Kala Shah Kaku

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Agronomic Research Institute, Faisalabad
Introduction
By every day, the lives of people around the world are made better by Agronomy. The
endless green fields of Wheat, Maize, Rice and the vast acres of cotton do not just happen. Hard
work on the part of the grower, scientific and technological input by the agronomic sciences is
required. Agronomists provide a wealth of information to farmers to assure the soundness of their
production programs. Agronomy makes this possible through the application of soil and plant
science for soil management and crop production, and incorporates the wise use of natural
resources and conservation practices. Very meticulously planned field experiment will give good
result only if it is supervised and executed well. Agronomic Research Institute, Faisalabad was
incepted during 1984 for precise and thoughtful research on crop and soil management. Its major
target was to tackle the farmer’s problems under varied agro-ecological conditions in the Punjab
for sustainable crop production.
Mission
To conduct research for improving the productivity and profitability of crop production through
efficient utilization of natural resources.

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Objectives
 Testing of new genotypes developed at commodity research institutes for the formulation
of production packages on agro-ecological basis
 On-farm research with farming system perspective under different agro-ecological zones
of the Punjab in order to develop technology appropriate to farmer’s resource
 Determining water requirements, irrigation schedule and appropriate methods of irrigation
for major field and vegetable crops
 Developing new cropping patterns or by bringing modest changes in the existing cropping
systems
 Developing economically viable and technically feasible multiple cropping patterns i.e.
mixed, inter and relay cropping patterns keeping in view the farmer’s resource base
 Standardization of integrated weed management methods screening of herbicides for
efficient weed control and to study their toxicity on field crops, vegetables, gardens and
lawns
 Generation of independent data base for approval of varieties
 Assessing the impact of climate change on production of major field crops
 Testing of new high value crops for their acclimatization in agro-ecological conditions of
Punjab
 To develop production packages for the cultivation of medicinal plants
Future Plan
 Impact assessment of climate change on cropping systems
 To develop production technologies of various medicinal plants
 Research on seed physiology to increase germination of crops
 To increase resource use efficiency without diminishing crop yields
 Devising ways of mitigating ill effects of heat and drought stresses on major field crops
 Rice stubble management for discouraging its burning to combat smog problems
 Reducing allelopathic effects of canola and sarson on germination of subsequent crop
 Promotion of organic farming in view of ill effects of chemical pesticides / weedicides

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Research Activities
Following are the research activities of the Institute:
 Screening of wheat genotypes and sorghum-sudan grass hybrids for heat and drought
tolerance
 Re-adjustment of planting times and densities
 Introduction of new and high value crops in prevailing cropping systems
 Use of Crop Simulation Models for adaptation to climate change
 Varietal evaluation of new advance lines /genotypes of different field crops
 Organic farming in wheat, garlic, canola, chickpea, mung, mash and turmeric
 Relay/intercropping of different crops in cotton, maize, sunflower and September/autumn
planted sugarcane
 Comparison of various weed control methods in different crops
 Resource conservation practices in rice-wheat and cotton-wheat cropping system
 Effective irrigation and nutrient management techniques for different field crops.
Achievements
Following are the achievements of the institute:
 370 wheat and maize genotypes were screened for heat and drought tolerance
 150 sorghum-sudan grass hybrids were screened for drought tolerance
 Foliar spray of plant growth regulators such as salicylic acid, silicon, selenium, glycine
betaine, calcium chloride, potassium chloride and Jasmonic acid induced drought tolerance
and increased yield in wheat, potato, canola and maize
 Better crop management by using Crop Simulation Models for adaptation to climate
change
 Rearing of earthworms and collection of vermicompost is in progress
 Initiation of organic production of wheat, mung bean, mash bean, turmeric, berseem,
garlic, canola, carrot and lentil by using organic sources
 One drought tolerant cotton variety (FH-326) has got approval in collaboration with Cotton
Research Institute Faisalabad

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 Jute variety “Golden Jute” Sisal Variety “Pak Sisal” medicinal plants varieties Stevia
“Honey” and Tulsi “FS-21” has approved
 Relay cropping of wheat in cotton (increase in wheat yield ranging from 8-10 mounds per
acre)
 Transplanting of rice on ridge and furrows improves water saving by 20%
 Bed planting and broadcasting followed by furrow making enhanced yield up to 5-15% in
sesame by reducing the attack of Charcol Rot & 10-15% increase in yield in mungbean
 Zero till sowing of wheat after rice increases yield in wheat by 10-12% & reduction in cost
of production by 15-20%
 Direct seeding in rice (25-35% water saving; labor saving)
 Wheat bed planting (save irrigation water up to 25%)
 Bed planting of cotton (save more than 25% water & 50% seed rate; save crop during
uncertain rains)
 Ridge planting in Maize (25-30% water saving)
 Vertical trailing of vine crops/vegetables (improve crop yield & quality)
 Inclusion of legumes in existing cropping system (increase farm productivity)
 Intercropping of onion, garlic & pulses (mung& mash bean) in autumn planted sugarcane
increased the total remunerations up to 15-20% against sugarcane alone
 Successful acclimatization and cultivation of Stevia, Tulsi, Quinoa, Babchi, Fennel,
Kalonji, Lemon grass and Jute in Punjab
 Conducted many spot examinations for wheat, cotton, rice, sunflower, maize, chickpea,
olive, sugarcane, walnut, guar and pearl millet crops during current year as member of
Expert Sub Committee of PSC across the Punjab
 Achieved certification for ISO-17025 of Seed Testing Laboratory
 Recorded, compiled and circulated the metrological data among various institutes
 220 Herbicides were tested during last ten years
 1200 Seed germination test performed of various crops during last five years

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Initiatives
 To develop low cost site-specific production technologies of major and minor field crops.
 To conduct research on different agronomic practices to increase resource use efficiency
without diminishing crop yields.
 To conduct research on means and methods of mitigating ill effects of biotic and abiotic
stresses on major field crops.
 To start research on alternate high value crops e.g. medicinal plants and spices (Quinoa,
Stevia, Fennel, Psyllium, Nigella, Carom, Tulsi and Linseed)
 To study the agronomic and physiological based measures to minimize the detrimental
effects of changing climate on growth, development and yield of major field crops.
 To promote organic farming in view of ill effects of chemical inputs on human health
Facilities
Following are the facilities provided by the institute:
 Data recording on physiological parameters like photosynthetic efficiency, leaf area,
stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, cell membrane thermo stability, water potential,
osmotic potential and protein extraction
 Identification of weeds and their control
 Testing of herbicides for their effectiveness to control weeds
 Availability of meteorological data recorded at Faisalabad for facilitation of students and
researchers
 Advisory services for farmers regarding production technologies of major field crops,
medicinal plants and jute crop
 Facilitation for students of B.Sc., M.Sc. & Ph.D. in Agriculture regarding internship and
supervision of research work
 Display of innovative technologies like relay cropping of wheat in standing cotton and
relay cropping of cotton in standing wheat, zero tillage wheat and cotton, bed planting,
broadcast augmented with furrow planting of different crops, direct seeded rice
 Maintenance of weed bank and herbal garden for demonstration to visitors especially
students visiting from different institutes of Punjab

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 Availability of sugar leaf (Stevia rebaudiana) plants to the farmers for multiplication in
punjab
Services
Following are the research services being provided by the Institute:
 Germination test for seed of different crops and vegetables under Seed testing Laboratory
 Technology transferred to farmers about crops management to get good production and
enhance their income
 Advisory service for farmers regarding production technologies of major field crops
 Facilitation for students of BSc. and MSc. in Agriculture regarding internship and
supervision of research work
 Monitoring of activities to stakeholders of area
 Development of resource use efficient production technology
Agronomic Sections in Faisalabad
 Plant Physiology Section, Faisalabad
 Cereals and Pulses Section, Faisalabad
 Fiber Crops Section, Faisalabad
 Vegetable and Oilseeds Section, Faisalabad
Out Stations
 Agronomic Research Station, Khanewal
 Agronomic Research Station, Karor, Layyah
 Agronomic Research Station, Bahawalpur
 Agronomic Research Station, Farooqabad
Seed Farms
 Govt. Seed Farm, Faisalabad
 Govt. Seed Farm, Dhakkar

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Vegetable and Oil Seeds Section
Vegetable and Oil Seeds section, was established during the year 1983-84 with the objective to
conduct agronomic research on vegetable and Oil Seeds crops. The objective of the section was to
test the new varieties/strains developed at commodity research institute for the formulation of
production packages, develop the techniques/technologies aimed at increasing farmer's income by
optimizing farm resource use, standardize integrated weed management methods, determine water
requirements, irrigation schedule and appropriate method of irrigation for vegetable and oilseed
crops. Generation of independent data base for the approval of varieties, optimum time of sowing,
sowing methods, standardization of suitable herbicide, determining fertilizer requirement,
appropriate method and time of application for vegetable and oilseed crops.
Objectives
Research on the vegetable and oilseed crops is conducted with the following objectives:
 To test the new varieties/strains develop at commodity research institute for the
formulation of production packages.
 To develop the techniques/technologies aimed at increasing farmer's income by optimizing
farm resource use.
 To standardize integrated weed management methods.
 To determine water requirements, irrigation schedule and appropriate method of irrigation
for vegetables and oilseed crops.
 Generation of independent data base for approval of varieties.
 To develop economically viable and technically feasible multiple cropping patter i.e. mixed
and intercropping patterns keeping in view the farmer resource base.
 Determining fertilizer requirement, appropriate method and time of application for
vegetable and oilseed crops.
 To evaluate the suitable time of sowing and sowing method for oilseed and vegetable crops.

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Research Activities
At present following research experiments are being carried out:
1. Effect of different Potassium levels on yield and quality of Peas (Pisum sativum L).
2. Biofortification of Peas (Pisum sativum L) with zinc and iron.
3. Effect of Phosphorus levels and PSB on yield and quality of Carrot (Daucus carota L).
4. Weed management in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L).
5. Effect of different levels and application methods of Sulphur on yield and oil quality of
CANOLA.

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Assigned Experiment
Title Effect of different Potassium levels on yield and quality of Peas
(Pisum sativum L).
Objectives To find out the most suitable sowing date and Potassium level in
peas to enhance yield and quality of peas
Research workers Dr. Naveed Akhtar, Muhammad Idrees, Dr. Babar Hussain Babar
Muhammad Luqman and Hafiz Naveed Ramzan
Project Duration 2022-23
Location Agronomy (V&O) Section, Agronomic Research Institute,
Faisalabad
Treatments Potassium levels(kg/ha)
1) Control = 62 kg/ha
2) 62 kg/ha + 1% foliar application at flowering
3) 62 kg/ha + 1% foliar application at pod formation
METHODOLOGY
Design RCBD
Repeats 3
Variety Peas 2009
Plot size 3.0 m x 6.0 m
Fertilizer 87-87 NP kg ha-1
Row x Row Distance 1.00 m
Plant x Plant Distance 10 cm

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Data To be recorded Soil analysis before and after sowing, No. of plants in
1m, length of 5 plants, No. of pods/plant, No. of grains
per pod, 100 seed weight and yield per ha, Quality
parameters, Potash content.

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Layout of the Experiment
Wall
T1 T6 T3 T5 T7 T4 T2
T5 T3 T6 T2 T4 T1 T7
T3 T1 T4 T6 T2 T7 T5
Wall
R3
R2
R1

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Figure 1: Pictorial view of experimental plot of pea
Parameters to be recorded
1) Soil analysis before and after sowing
2) No. of plants in 1m, length of 5 plants
3) No. of pods/plant
4) No. of grains per pod
5) 100 seed weight and yield per ha
6) Quality parameters
7) Potash content.

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Pictorial view of data collection activities

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Table 1.1: Plant Height and No. of Pods of Replication 1 Treatment 3 of Peas
No. of plant Plant height(cm) No. of Pods
01 76 46
02 73 10
03 133 25
04 89 16
05 126 61
Table 1.2: Pods Length, No. of Grain/Pod, 100 seeds weight of Peas
Sr. No Pods Length(cm) No of Grains
01 7.7 7
02 7.5 7
03 6.6 5
04 7.9 5
05 8.5 8
06 6.5 7
07 8.4 5
08 7.4 7
09 7.5 7
10 7.5 6
100 Seeds weight 39g

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01 80 16
02 100 26
03 104 25
04 98 11
05 84 12
01 10 8
02 9 6
03 8.5 7
04 8 6
05 8.8 5
06 9.2 4
07 7.9 5
08 9 4
09 7.1 3
10 8.2 6

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01 110 37
02 150 30
03 105 35
04 85 36
05 75 10
01 9.2 9
02 8.4 8
03 9 8
04 8.5 7
05 7.4 6
06 7.6 6
07 9 6
08 8 5
09 8 7
10 6.8 3

25
01 81 40
02 119 76
03 96 24
04 78 30
05 110 70
01 8.1 7
02 8.1 5
03 8.9 9
04 6.9 5
05 8.8 8
06 8 6
07 9 7
08 6.8 4
09 8 8
10 8.2 8

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01 75 8
02 87 24
03 89 27
04 75 10
05 139 25
01 9.7 8
02 7.9 5
03 9.2 8
04 9.2 7
05 8.9 6
06 7.2 6
07 8.1 7
08 8.4 5
09 9.7 8
10 8.9 6

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01 147 42
02 113 40
03 113 23
04 77 24
05 110 17
01 9 6
02 9.5 7
03 8.3 7
04 8.9 5
05 8.3 3
06 9.5 6
07 9.2 6
08 9 7
09 10 8
10 10 8

28
01 99 8
02 84 24
03 95 27
04 92 10
05 99 25
01 9.2 5
02 8.4 7
03 9 4
04 8.5 5
05 7.4 4
06 7.6 7
07 9 6
08 8 6
09 8 5
10 6.8 2

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01 61 15
02 104 30
03 93 14
04 93 19
05 95 29
01 61 5
02 104 9
03 93 4
04 93 5
05 95 7
06 7 5
07 8.1 8
08 7.9 7
09 9.4 9
10 7.9 5

30
01 99 35
02 84 19
03 95 41
04 92 17
05 99 37
01 8 5
02 8 7
03 9 7
04 7 3
05 9 5
06 8 6
07 6 3
08 9 6
09 9 5
10 7 4
100 Seeds weight 52.5g

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01 139 55
02 119 72
03 85 24
04 88 28
05 114 40
01 8.4 4
02 8.6 4
03 7.9 9
04 7.4 5
05 8.2 8
06 7.6 6
07 8.8 5
08 7 7
09 7.1 5
10 8 6

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01 110 31
02 82 17
03 96 20
04 112 20
05 113 57
01 8.2 7
02 9.5 9
03 8.8 7
04 8 7
05 8 5
06 6.8 6
07 8.4 6
08 7.6 4
09 9 6
10 7.2 4

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01 92 26
02 107 48
03 95 24
04 100 22
05 96 31
01 7 6
02 8 3
03 10 8
04 7.9 5
05 9.2 10
06 9 7
07 8.5 10
08 9.2 8
09 6.1 7
10 9.4 10

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01 77 15
02 87 14
03 104 38
04 99 42
05 95 16
01 6.6 5
02 7 7
03 6.8 4
04 7.5 5
05 7.5 4
06 7.3 7
07 6.8 6
08 7 6
09 6.9 5
10 6.5 2

35
01 83 25
02 85 23
03 97 37
04 70 19
05 64 7
01 8.2 6
02 8 7
03 6.9 5
04 7.5 7
05 8 6
06 7.9 6
07 7.5 5
08 5 2
09 6 5
10 7.5 4

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Visit/ Seminar/ Conference
V & O Section Visit with Supervisors:
On 8 February 2023 we started attendance at the V&O office. After attendance with sir
Hafiz Naveed Ramzan we went to V&O farm. Briefly Sir Hafiz Naveed Ramzan explained the
experiments under study. Dr Babar Hussain Babar briefly explained farm activities and
experiments under study and gave us layout of all experiments and told us how to take data of
experiments.
Figure 2: Discussion about layout & farm activities

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Study Tour of Agronomy Department UAF Main Campus:
On Monday 13 February 2023, a tour of the UAF main campus was attended by us at AARI
Faisalabad. A seminar was held in library hall. All Scientists explained their institutes, their works,
their experiences, stats about different crops in Pakistan and all around the world and their current
work in their Sections/institutes.
After seminar all audience was divided into three groups and went to visit the field experiments
of institute. Under the supervision Of Dr. Fahad Ihsan and Dr Babar Hussain Babar (Agronomic
Research Institute Faisalabad), we visited the Plant Physiology Section AARI. Scientist shared
their Experience about their Experiments of different crops. i.e (stevia, wheat, different medicinal
plants, different weeds).
Figure 3: introduction & visit of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute

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Then we visited the Oil Seeds Research Institute, Faisalabad. Mam Maryam who is scientist in
Oilseeds Research Institute explained us about her research on different varieties of Brasica Juncia
and Brasica Napus.
She explained us importance of CANOLA and other Oil Seeds Crops. She briefly explained the
Oil Seeds Crops importance and uses in our daily life. Present and future prospects of Oil Seeds
crop in Pakistan were also told by her.
Figure 4: Describing about canola, Brasica Juncia and Brasica Napus

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Wheat varieties data collection:
On Friday 31 march 2023, we were called by sir Hafiz Naveed Ramzan sb for taking data
(like Plant Height, Spike length, No. of Spikelet’s per spike, No. of grains/spike) of wheat
varieties/lines. We also seen that which variety completed its life cycle first or early and which
one is best variety according to yield parameter. AARI scientists are going to introduce new
varieties of wheat. This was the activity related to the latest wheat lines.
Figure 4: Data collection of Wheat

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Impact of AARI Varieties and Seed Development system on National Economy of Pakistan
On Monday 09 March 2023, A Seminar on “Impact of AARI Varieties and Seed Development
system on National Economy of Pakistan” was held in the Main Auditorium of D.G Office AARI
Faisalabad.
Scientists from different fields participated and addressed in this seminar. Apart from scientists,
farmers also participated in the seminar and got answers to questions from scientists. Scientists
from all the outstations of Ayub Research participated and informed about the research being done
at their stations. The speakers explained how a crop variety is developed and what problems are
encountered. Apart from this, the officers of the Federal Seed Corporation while addressing said
how the seed of any crop is certified and what are the accessories and what are the problems in the
certification. Addressing the scientists from various departments of Ayub Research, he told how
Ayub Research is playing an important role in crop varieties and seeds not only in Pakistan but
also in the whole world.
Figure 6: Certificate of seminar attendance

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Conservation Agriculture
On Wednesday 5 April 2023, a meeting with all internees was held with our supervisor Hafiz
Naveed Ramzan in Directorate Meeting Hall. The topic of this meeting was on conservation
agriculture, resource conservation technologies and better water management, how to prevent loss
of water by using bed sowing of wheat and other options. He told Conservation Agriculture is
based on minimum soil disturbance, maintenance of permanent soil covers and crop rotations/
cropping system diversity. He told 3 pillars of conservation agriculture are:
1) Minimum soil disturbance
2) Maximum soil cover
3) Good crop rotation/Diversification
Safer environment is the advantage of the conservation agriculture. Bed sowing of wheat can save
30-50% water; soil health is improved by crop rotation, cover cropping and mulching. He also
discussed Zero Tillage and Minimum Tillage.
He told Relay cropping is a method of multiple cropping where one crop is seeded into standing
second crop well before harvesting of second crop. Zero tillage is a minimum tillage practice in
which the crop is sown directly into soil not tilled since the harvest of the previous crop. He told
Command area which is irrigated with canal water. He told Carbon foot print is the per unit carbon
consumption.
Advantages of Conservation Agriculture:
1. Sustainability in resource utilization
2. Enhanced biodiversity.
3. Carbon sequestration.
4. Labor savings.
5. Healthier soils.
6. Sustained yields.
7. Reduced costs.

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Zero Tillage Seed Drill:
Zero tillage seed drill is one of the most important drill in conservation agriculture used for
sowing wheat in fields containing stubble fields of Rice/Paddy.
Figure 7: Zero Tillage Seed Drill
Direct Seeded Rice (DSR)
Direct seeding is a crop establishment system wherein rice seeds are sown directly into the
field, as opposed to the traditional method of growing seedling in a nursery, then transplanting into
flooded fields. It offers certain advantages, it saves labor, less water requires, early crop maturity,
low cost, better soil physical condition for the following crops and less methane emission and
provides better option to be the best fit in different rice based cropping systems.
Figure 8: Direct Seeded Rice drilled Field

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Happy Seeder:
Happy seeder is the ideal solution since it sows seed and manages the straw at the same
time, previous version was scattering it evenly across the field, thus mulching the field and helping
it retain its moisture and encouraging seed germination. The straw naturally decomposes overtime
enriching the soil.
Figure 9: Happy seeder working in the field
Figure 10: Pictorial view of Conservation Agriculture related meeting

internship report of Ayub Agricultural research Institutes Faisalabad

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internship report of Ayub Agricultural research Institutes Faisalabad