internship report agriculture Extension Department

1. INTERNSHIP REPORT
Agriculture (Extension Office)
Depalpur District Okara
By
Zain-Ul-Islam(2017-ag-7488)
University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, sub campus
Depalpur Okara.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY UNIVERSITY
OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD,
Sub campus Depalpur District Okara.

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INTERNSHIP CERTIFICATE
Zain-Ul-Islam worked as internee at Department of Agri. Extension Depalpur
District Okara.
CERTIFICATE:
It is certified that Zain-Ul-Islam with registration number 2017-ag-7488 is
student of Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad has
completed their internship at Agriculture (Extension 0ffice) Depalpur District
Okara under my supervision completed all the pre requisite of their internship
efficiently.
Assistant Director:
Mr. Muhammad Ali Bhatti
Agriculture (Extension) Depalpur
District Okara.
Agriculture Officer:
Dr. Rana M. Asif Rafiq
Agriculture (Extension) Depalpur
District Okara.
Supervisor at University:
Dr. Masood Iqbal Awan
Department of Agronomy,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad.

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Acknowledgment:
All the praises and thanks for Almighty Allah, Who bestowed upon us the
potential and the ability to contribute a drop from our side to the existing ocean
of knowledge in the field of agriculture. From the core of our heart, we also
thank full to messenger of Almighty Allah, Muhammad (S.A.W), who is a torch
of guidance and knowledge for humanity from his cradle of grave.
I will not give up the opportunity to express the heartiest gratitude and
deep sense of thanks to our teachers’ Dr. Masood Iqbal Awan, Dr. Rashid Ali, Dr.
M. Altaf, Mam Alia Chaudhary and all the talented, efficient and hardworking
teachers in Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, sub
campus Depalpur District Okara. Their skillful guidance, enthusiasm,
constructive criticism, art of making useful and sagacious suggestions helped me
at every nook and corner of my life. Their appropriate advice and inspiring
attitude made it very easy for us to understand this work and to write this
manuscript.

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I deem it is our utmost pleasure in expressing the gratefulness to a sincere and
honest personalities Mr. Muhammad Ali Bhatti (Assistant Director), Dr. Rana
Muhammad Asif Rafiq (Agriculture Officer), Agriculture (Extension) Depalpur,
Okara for guiding us with strategies to command at every step in field or office.
Their efforts towards the development of spirit of hard work and maintenance
of professional integrity besides other valuable suggestion will always serve as a
beacon of light throughout the course of our life.
No Acknowledgement and appreciation will suffice for our beloved parents
whose hands always rise in prayers for us and without their moral and financial
support; we can’t find even a beam of ray in a full sunny day. No words can really
express the feelings that I have for our beloved parents. The names of my
parents will always be in front of my eyes, as I will look on the cover of my
internship report, even thought my name may be printed on it.
May ALLAH bless all these people with long, happy and peaceful lives?
(Ameen)
Zain-Ul-Islam
(2017-ag-7488)

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Table of Contents
Sr.no. Particulars Page no.
Preface
1. Introduction and Internship Program
2. Introduction and brief history of Depalpur
3. Agriculture Extension in Pakistan
4. Organogram Department of Agriculture Extension
Punjab
5. Responsibilities of Agriculture Ext. Department
6. How Extension department disseminating agricultural
information?
7. Agricultural Extension Services
8. Duties of Agriculture Extension Wing
(Duties of AO and FA)
9. Agricultural Activities of Extension Department
10. Different Govt. Projects (Soil and Water Sampling,
Kissan Card, E-card and Subsidy on Agricultural
Implements and their Distribution )
11. Problems of Farmers in District Okara & Suggestions
12. Ongoing Projects of Agriculture Ext. Department
13. Major Crops of Depalpur District Okara and their
Verities
14. Introduction of Development Branch
15. Production Technology of Wheat, Rice, Maize,
Sugarcane, Cotton, Canola and Sunflower
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

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Preface:
It is a well-known fact that practical experience of the field is a weapon of a
person. Theoretical know-how can never overtake the practical knowledge. In
past, after completing their degrees, the students (Bachelor or Master Degree
holders) never had proper practical knowledge and experience of dealing the
things practically and failed to fulfill their duties properly. This was a big mark
on their degrees and bad impression for their institution.
Taking this into account, this program was launched especially for
training of students after completing their theoretical studies. Initially, this
program was started by University of Agriculture, Faisalabad with the help and
financial aid of USAID in 2000. In this internship program, the students of B.Sc.
(Hons) final semester were placed in government, semi-government and private
organizations to learn practically and get experience in field. During program,
the teachers of relevant departments/disciplines visited the organizations and
give feedback on program of students working to relevant authorities in the
University.
In order to perform this activity, we people on the direction of worthy
Head of department Dr. Masood Iqbal Awan, Dept. Of Agronomy, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, sub campus Depalpur District Okara. We were directed
to render our services at the internship programmed (3 months) for fulfilling the
degree requirement, B.Sc. (Hons) Agriculture. For compliance, we were sent to
Agriculture (Extension) Department Depalpur District Okara.
I have learned about “Production Technologies of different crops (Wheat, Rice,
Cotton, and Sunflower, Soil and water sampling of different farms of different
locations, initiation of different Government subsidy programs, i.e. 50 % subsidy
on different Agriculture implements, subsidy on pesticides for different crops”.

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Hence, the internship was worthy practice launched by University
administration to build up practical knowledge and technical know-how. This
developed confidence level and we performed well in field. We learned the
setup of agriculture working in public and private sector and have know-how
about shortfall of current working system. After completing the program, we
have information and enough knowledge of field and our respective subject.
01. INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTERNSHIP PROGRAM:
1.1.1 INTERNSHIP:
An internship is a work related to learning experience for individual who wish to
develop hands on work experience in a certain occupational field.
1.1.2 COMPONENTS OF INTERNSHIP:
It comprise of
Internship training at any government institute/Office.
To submit internship tour report & internship training report to the
Supervisor.
Oral Presentation.
Internship tour to various government agricultural research institutes in
Punjab.
Comprehensive test.

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1.1.3 INTERNSHIP JOINING
I, was allocated at the office of Agriculture Extension Depalpur District Okara on
8 March 2021. Further I was attached with Agriculture Officer Ext. Depalpur, Dr.
Rana Muhammad Asif Rafiq.
1.1.4 INTERNSHIP OBJECTIVES:
FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES WERE CONCERNED AND ACHIEVED DURING MY
INTERNSHIP.
Distinguished exact role of an extension worker.
Practical implementation of Agri. Extension knowledge.
Learnt more in real situation by utilizing the experience of senior
Officer.
Experienced credibility of an extension worker among farmers.
Observed perceptions of farmers about public & private sector.
02. Introduction and brief history of Depalpur:
Introduction to Depalpur: Depalpur also spelt Dipalpur, is an administrative
subdivision of Okara District in the Punjab province of Pakistan that served as
headquarters of Depalpur Tehsil. Depalpur
tehsil is the largest tehsil of Pakistan. It is
situated 25 kilometer from the district capital
Okara on a bank of the Beas River in Bari Doab.
It is located in the west of District Kasur. Most
of the tehsil is characterized by flat irrigated
lands. (Informative detail about Depalpur)

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Population of District
Okara & Tehsil Depalpur.
Brief History of Depalpur:
Historical architecture;
In the past, Depalpur was surrounded by a fortified wall, rising to the height of
25 feet and strengthened by a deep trench. When and by whom this wall was
constructed is not known, but it was renovated, repaired and improved during
the rule of Firoz Shah Tughluq and later by Abdur Rahim Khan-e-Khanan, who
was a governor during the time of Akbar. Firoz Shah Tughluq constructed a grand
mosque and palaces. He also excavated a canal from the river Sutleg to irrigate
gardens around the town.
Wide and airy tunnels linked the royal residential quarters inside the fort to the
adjoining gardens outside. There were 24 burgs (musketry holes) on the
fortification wall, 24 mosques, 24 bevels (ponds) and 24 wells at the town’s peak.
The trench, ponds and tunnels have been filled in, but in some places the
location of the trench can still be defined. Most of the wall has been razed.
District /
Tehsil
Region Population
Okara
District
Rural
Urban
Total
2,207,349
831,790
3,039,139
Depalpur
Tehsil
Rural
Urban
Total
1,032,542
342,370
1,374,912
Map of
Depalpur

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Saints;Many Muslim saints have come to preach in this area. Muslim saint
named as Saayi Abdul Razaq stayed in Dipalpur and later on he started his
volunteer activity for local people and after his death he was buried in city. Now,
his death place is known as Razaqia Darbar. Hazrat Baba Fazal Chisti shrine in
Kari wala Jagir near Sukhpur. Bahawal Haq commonly known as Bahawal Sher
Qalander came from Baghdad and settled
in the village of Patharwall near Dipalpur.
The saint constructed a hujra (small living
room) and a mosque outside the village.
His grandson Shah Muqeem continued
his mission. The village came to be known as Hujra Shah Muqeem. This the place
mentioned in the famous Punjabi love story Mirza Saheban. Baba Guru Nanak
also stayed in Dipalpur.
Climate;
The climate of Depalpur dries for about 7 months in the year. Average rainfall is
25-30 cm. The average maximum temperature during summer remains 40-450
C.
Winter is cold and the average minimum temperature is 5-80
C during months of
December- January.
Soil;
It is highly productive and its texture varies from loam and clay loam.
03. Agriculture Extension in Pakistan
In Pakistan, number of public extension approaches and models have been tried
and discarded based on the traditional linear approach. Mostly multi-sectoral
extension programs were focused on the rural and community development.
The Village Agriculture Industrial Development Program (V-AID) was first formal
attempt for the rural development in Pakistan, and designed to solve rural
Shrine Hujra
Shah Muqeem

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problems through the mobilization of the government resources with
involvement of rural community. The Integrated Rural Development
Programmed (IRDP), People’s Works Program (PWP), Inputs at Farmer’s
Doorsteps Approach, Training and Visit System (T and V), and Farmer Field
School (FFS) were major agricultural extension and community development
programmed.
04. Organogram Department of Agriculture Extension, Punjab.
Organogram Department of Agriculture
Chief Secretary
4 Director General
DG Agri. Ext. & AR DG Field DG Plant Protection DG Water Management
Agri. Ext. Department Agri. Plant Pathology Water Management
Engineering Entomology unit & water channel
Director Agriculture Ext.
(DA)
9 Divisions in Punjab
Rawalpindi Gujranwala Lahore
Sargodha Faisalabad Sahiwal
Multan Bahawalpur Dera Ghazi Khan
Secretary Agriculture

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Division Sahiwal
Sahiwal Chichawatni Okara Depalpur Renala khurd Pakpattan Arifwala
OKARA District Level
Deputy Director Agriculture Ext. (DDA)
7 Tehsil in Sahiwal Division
Okara
Tehsil level
Assistant Director Agriculture Ext.
(ADA)
5 Markaz
Agriculture Officer (AO) Markaz Level
Depalpur Churasta Mian Khan Haveli Lakha Basir Pur Hujra Shah Muqeem
Union Council
Field Assistant (FA)
Baildar
05. Responsibilities of Agriculture (Extension) Department:
Agriculture Extension Department is responsible for education and motivation
of the farmers to adopt the latest agriculture technology. The agriculture
extension department have been continuously struggling and making hard and
hectic efforts for transmitting the modern agriculture technology to the farmer

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and to persuade them to increase the production of food and fiber crops,
oilseeds, fruits and vegetables. Extension staff control the quality of pesticides
and fertilizer by taking samples and submission to laboratory for analysis.
Agriculture Extension Department disseminating agricultural information to
aware the farmers by Print media, i.e. Zirat Nama, Newspapers and Magazines
etc. This report provides an overview of extension services and constraints and
challenges faced by the extension system of Pakistan. The evidence from
existing literature on agriculture extension systems is examined and approaches
in Punjab and Sindh provinces of Pakistan with particular reference to crops
(including fruit) and livestock extension services are synthesized. Agriculture is
the dominant sector of Pakistan’s economy with 21% contribution in overall GDP,
and engagement of 45% of total labor force of country in this sector.
06. How the Extension Department disseminating agricultural
information?
Agriculture Extension department disseminating agricultural information by;
1. Print Media
Zirat Nama:
This Urdu Magazines is regally published by Directorate of Agriculture
Information, Punjab on fortnightly basis to motivate and educate growers for
adaption for innovative farm technologies. This magazines has completed 60
years of its publication in 2020 and considered as most reliable source of source
of information about latest farm practices for the farming community. In this
magazines, articles written by agricultural scientist about production technology
of major and minor crops, vegetables and fruits are published according to the
cropping season and time.

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Agricultural Publications:
The deteriorate regularly publishes booklets, folders, posters, brochures,
handbills etc. for technical guideless education of farmers/ stakeholders in
adequate quantity round the year. Vast majority of literate of farmers of Punjab
province benefits from these informative publications. Books on different
agricultural topics written experts are also published for agricultural
professional’s university teachers, students and progressive growers.
Newspapers and magazines:
The deteriorate arranges publicity of side specific modem agricultural
technology by releasing advancement press
releases and agricultural features to national
and regional newspapers of agricultural
information regularly round the year.

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Press Clipping:
The deteriorate monitor important agricultural news, articles and editorial on
agriculture published in national and regional newspapers.
07. Agricultural Extension Service:
Agriculture Extension Department is responsible for education and motivation
of the farmers to adopt the latest agricultural technology. The agriculture
extension services have been continuously struggling and making hard and
hectic efforts for transmitting the modern agriculture technology to the farmer
and to persuade them to increase the production of food and fiber crops,
oilseeds, fruits and vegetables. The important service of Extension worker or
staff to control the quality of fertilizer and pesticides by taking the samples and
submission to laboratory for analysis. Organizing fruit and vegetables shows,
exhibitions and melas. The main objectives of regional directorates were to
improve area under cultivation, managing seed and fertilizer stores, supply of
agricultural inputs, plants protection and training of the staff etc. The extension
services played leading role in bringing about green revolution.
08. Duties of Agriculture Extension Wing:
 Transmission of modern crops production technology to the growers.
 Monitoring of supply of inputs.
 Quality control of pesticides by taking samples and submission to
laboratory for analysis.

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 Quality control of fertilizer by taking samples and submission to
laboratory for analysis.
 Grading of seed (Wheat) through seed graders.
 Provision of literature (free of cost) to farmers.
 Achievement of targets of sowing/yield.
Farmer’s days for method/result demonstration.
 Organizing fruit and vegetable shows, exhibitions and melas.
Multiplying pre-basics seed from the basis seed for further
distribution to progressive growers through Punjab Seed Corporation.
 Propagation of pedigree nursery plants of fruits at Government nurseries
and their distribution to farmers at subsidized rates.
 Demonstration and training of farmers in modern horticulture
techniques, laying out orchards and budding pruning of fruit plants.
 To complete any project launched by Provincial/District Government.
8.1 Duties of Agriculture Officer:
i. To transfer of latest technology especially to contact farmer and
informally to non-contact farmer.
ii. To monitor the work of field assistant
iii. To monitor the record of demonstration plots
iv. To record everything in written form
v. To check the Kharif and Rabi crops
vi. To check the work of his/her sub ordinance
vii. To provide the information to contact farmer during schedule program
viii. At each demonstration plot celebrate farmer day at least one time
ix. To inform the higher authorities about agricultural program

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8.2 Duties of Field Assistant:
Field assistant has to perform following duties:
1) To Identify problems of area farmer, bring them to higher authorities and
suggest their solution.
2) To create awareness among farmers about availability of different
resources
3) Preparation of demonstration plot seasonally and make sure of its prior
advertisement
4) To prepare a register to record basic facts and figures of concerned area
5) To conduct land survey on the allotted form according to the orders of
higher authorities.
09. Agricultural Activities of Extension Department:
Transfer of Technology:
Adoption of recommended package of agricultural
technology is highly important for increasing crops, fruit and vegetable
production. The site-specific technology is being disseminated through efficient
communication and by different modes such as;-
 Group Discussion at Field
 Individual contact methods
 Agriculture helpline
 Literature, leaflets and pamphlets
 On farm training program
But the most commonly used Technology are as under:
 Demonstration plots

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 Road side burjies etc.
 Refresher Course
 Agriculture Fairs
Demonstration plots:
The demonstration plots are sown throughout the District to
display improved and proven technology, at the farmer’s field, which build up
confidence of the farmers on the technology and play an important role to
increase awareness about innovations. Therefore, each field assistant lay out
one or two plots in his area, in each season, on the farmer’s field.
Refresher Course:
It is the need of the time to keep the field staff, up to date regarding the latest
technology, being developed by the scientists, in view of the charging socio-
economic and agro-ecological conditions. Accordingly, Extension Wing of
Agriculture Department arranges refresher courses at the District and Tehsil
level, once in a season.
Field Days:
Farmers gathering play an important role in bridging the gap between findings
of research and performance of the farmer field; therefore, field days are
arranged at the demonstration plots, which play a vital role increasing
awareness regarding impact of innovation/technology production.
Agriculture Fairs:
Agriculture fairs provide to the farmers not only an atmosphere of leisure, joy
ness and competitions with his fellows farmers but also play an important role
in learning from the experience of other farmer’s show in the exhibition.

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Therefore, the Extension Wing in Depalpur District Okara arranges fairs at
different occasion to achieve the objectives.
Writing of Motto, Slogans and Erection of Burjies:
Writing of Mottos is also an important method for transfer of technology.
Therefore wall chalking, erection Burjies, writing of mottos and slogans are
being done throughout the District.
10. Different Government Projects (Soil and Water Sampling,
Kissan Card and E-Credit):
10.1 Soil Sampling:
Soil sampling is a use full project to check the soil properties in tehsil Depalpur
5 markaz perform their duties to complete this task. In this project the field
assistant collect the soil sample from different villages of their markaz and then
these sample send to the Assistant Agricultural Chemist (Soil fertility) Soil and
Water testing Laboratory Okara where check the properties of soils sample and
send a report to
Extension Office
for their record.
But now the Govt.
upgrade the
system of soil
sampling now
govt. make a new
software for soil
sampling which is

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known as QR code in this new process the QR code is print on the page by
development branch and transfer to field assistant then field assistant go to the
field to collect sample and then scan the code this software help to pick the right
location related to the QR code.
10.2 Water Sampling:
Water sampling is also one of the helpful project of Govt.in this project the
samples where collecting by the 5 markaz of tehsil Depalpur for achieve the
targets. Samples were collected by field assistant in different villages of their
markaz. These samples also send to soil and water testing department in Okara.
10.3 Kissan Card:
Kissan Card is one of the Govt. project which is start in 2015 the purpose of this
card is to registered the farmers in Govt. record. Because Govt. provide the
subsidy to the farmers so it can help the Govt. how many farmers are registered
with Govt. and how much land they have? This also helpful for the farmers

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because those farmers who get loan from the Zarai Tarqiyati Bank they get the
loan without tax. It is also a helpful project for the farmers because when Govt.
allows different schemes they have benefit.
Important Documents for the Registration of Farmers:

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Kissan Card Registration Form:
10.4 E-credit:
E-Credit is a use full way to provide loan to farmer by Govt. Zarai Traqiyati Bank
without extra cost and tax. The registered farmers go to the kissan khewat
markaz and get the form and submit the form in Bank for their loan. Government
also provide the subsidy to poor farmers to promote the better agriculture in

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backward villages of the Punjab. Government play an important role to improve
the agriculture in Pakistan.
10.5 Subsidy on Agricultural Implements and their Distribution:
Government of Pakistan initiate the subsidy program for the farmers to increase
the crop production with the use of new machines or agricultural implements
and for the restoration of soil fertility they distribute the slasher which is used
for the harvesting of Rice stubbles or waste.
The main goal or objective of Pakistan Government to increase the Agricultural
productivity. Govt. of Pakistan introduce the new technologies for the farmers
and distribute among the farmers through Extension workers. Extension
workers play an important role in the agriculture sector, they train the farmers

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to use the new technologies. Extension Department distribute the different
implements among the farmers i.e. Wet bed planter, dry bed planter, wheat
sowing drill, seed cum fertilizer drill and slasher etc.
Distribution of Different Implements at Assistant Commissioner (A.C) Complex:
Agriculture (Extension) staff distribute the different agricultural implements in
the farmers at A.C Complex. Assistant Director, Agriculture Officer, Field
assistants and Baildars are all present there. Assistant Director of Water
Management, Assistant Commissioner, and Chairman of All Farmers
Organization are the chief guest. Following implements are distributed among
the farmers:
1) Wet bed planter
2) Dry bed planter
3) Wheat sowing drill

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4) Seed cum fertilizer drill
5) Slasher

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11. Problem of Farmers in District Okara:
1) The first and main problem of farmers in district Okara in limited supply
of canal water. The amount of water given to them not fulfill their needs.
2) 70 to 80 % farmers of District Okara are small landholdings
3) Under ground water in mostly area is not fit for irrigation
4) High prices of fertilizers
5) Less use of ICT’S
6) The colonies are developing very rapidly and reducing cultivated area.
7) Farmers with low land holding are not adopting short duration crops and
new cropping technologies.

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SUGGESTIONS
 Small land holders should combine their land resources and utilize the
best use of them to earn maximum profit
 Make sure the availability of new seed at cheaper rates to maximum
farmers
 Availability of canal water at critical times of major crops
 Loan should be provided to farmers without interest for the attainment
of modern agriculture technology
 Mixed cropping should be promoted which reduces losses, if one crop
do not given the required yield
 Fertilizer and pesticides rates and timely availability should be controlled
 Use of ICT’S should be maximized
12. Ongoing Projects of Agriculture Extension Department
I. Subsidy on Canola crop
II. Subsidy on Sunflower crop
III. Framer trainings
IV. Kissan Card
V. Subsidy on Agricultural Mechanization
VI. Promotion of Pulses
VII. Kitchen Gardening (Seed Kit)
VIII. Disease free Wheat Seed Distributions
IX. Government subsidy program to increase the Rice Production through
Machines and distribution of disease free Rice seed on half Rate.
X. Subsidy program to increase the Wheat Production and subsidy on
agricultural implements.

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XI. To increase the production of Sugarcane Government initiate the Subsidy
programs and train the farmers to use the new implement technologies.
13. Major crops of Depalpur District Okara and their Verities:
In Depalpur District Okara there are almost every kind of crop are cultivated. But
some of the major which are cultivated at large area of District Okara are
following;
1) Potato
2) Maize
3) Wheat
4) Rice
5) Sugarcane
6) Fodder crops e.g. Berseem, Sorghum, Maize, and Mustard etc.
7) Cotton
8) Oil Seed Crops i.e. Canola, Mustard, Sunflower, and Grasses etc.
9) Pulses
10) Orchard of Guava, Mango, Citrus etc.
11) Vegetables
Wheat Verities for Irrigated Area Wheat Verities for Rain
fed Area
1 Uqaab - 2000 5 Aas – 2011 1. Chakwal - 50
2 Lasani – 2008 6 Millet – 2011 2. BARS - 2009
3 Faisalabad – 2008 7 NARC – 2011 3. NARC - 2009
4 Punjab - 2011 8 Galaxy – 2013 4. Pakistan - 2013

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Different Verities of Rice Different Verities of Cotton
1 Basmati 370- 1933 1 FH - 142
2 Basmati Pak - 1968 2 FH - 152
3 Super Basmati - 1996 3 FH - Lalazar
4 Shaeen Basmati - 2001 4 FH - 114
5 NIAB - 2001 5 NIBGI – 3 And Tarzan - 3
14. Introduction of Development Branch:
Development branch is an office which is working under the Assistant Director
Agriculture Muhammad Ali Bhatti Sahib. Development branch established in
2007 when Government of Pakistan start different projects for the farmers.
Government divide targets to every Division in Punjab later on these targets are
divided in every district of Punjab. To complete these targets Assistant Director
Use approach to Agriculture Officer who is working at Markaz level. Agriculture
Officer work with Field Assistant to complete or achieve these targets and
submit reports in development branch where these record are saved in files or
computer and send these report to Assistant Director on weekly bases. Assistant
Director forward these report to Director Agriculture. There are only two
persons are working in this office. And their duties are shown in Table.
Table No. 1
1 To make the daily achievement and weekly reports.
2 To make the KPIs (Key Performance Indicator).
3 To collect data to Water sampling and Soil sampling.
4 Also Collect the fertilizer sample and check the fixed price rate of
fertilizers.
5 Collect the sample of pesticides which are recommended to the farmers.

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6 To maintain the record of different projects e.g. Kissan Card, E-Credit,
Water Sampling, Soil Sampling, Plant Clinic
7 Uploading the Kissan card on the Government website.
Agriloan.govt.punjab.pk
8 Uploading of Plant Clinic data online.
9 Collect the data from all Markaz of tehsil Depalpur.
15. Production Technologies of Wheat, Rice, Maize, Sugarcane,
Canola and Sunflower:
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF
WHEAT;
Common Name: Gandam or Kanak.
English Name: Wheat
Scientific Name: Triticum aestivum L.
CLIMATE:
Winter Wheat required 3-4 to 30-32o
C Temperature. And 25o
C is known as best
temperature for Wheat.
SOIL:
It required medium – high textured soil.
LAND PREPARATION:
1 ploughing with mould board plough, 2-3 ploughing & plankings.

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SOWING TIME:
November to December is sowing time for the wheat, but 13-20 November is
the best sowing time.
HARVESTING TIME:
April & May.
SEED RATE Kg/ha:
Timely sowing seed rate is 115 to 135 kg/ha, but 125-150 kg/ha is used for the
late sowing.
SOWING METHOD:
Sowing methods for Wheat are Broadcast, Kera, Pora & Drill sowing,
FERTILIZER Kg/ha N:P:K.
Fertilizer requirement is 140:100:100 Kg/ha of N: P: k.
IRRIGATIONS:
4-6 irrigations are required with the interval of 10-15 days, but this time of
interval is depends on weather condition.
YIELD Kg/ha:
4500 – 5000 kg/ha, it is the yield of irrigated area Wheat. But the yield of Rain
fed (barani) area Wheat is 2000 to 2500 kg/ha.
VARIETIES:
1. Inqlab 91 2. Auqab 2000 3. Faisalabad 2008
4. Shaheen 97 5. Millet 2011 6. Galaxy 2013

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PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES (WEED, INSECT, PEST, DISEASES):
Rust & Smut. (Vitavax 2g/kg seed.) Aphid-attack (pesticide) Broad leave weeds
(bathu, karund, lehli) (Bromoxinal & MCPA) Narrow leave weeds (wild oat,
dumbi sitti) (Phenoxy Propiethyl) Broad and Narrow leave weeds
(Isoprotron,Me).
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SUGARCANE;
Common Name: Ganna
English Name: Sugarcane
Scientific Name: Saccharum officinarum L.
CLIMATE:
High temperature, Long day sunlight and sugarcane required 1250-2500 mm
rainfall.
SOIL:
Clay loam soil is best for the sugarcane.

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LAND PREPARATION:
1 ploughing with F.T.P. at a depth of 30cm, 6-8 cultivation and 3-4 plankings.
SOWING TIME:
Spring sowing (Mid-February to end-March). Autumn sowing (Mid-September
to mid-November.)
HARVESTING TIME:
We harvest the spring sowing crop in December to January. And harvest the
autumn sowing crop in July to August.
SEED RATE Kg/ha:
7-9 tons/ha seed rate is used.
SOWING METHOD:
Wet & Dry methods of sowing.
FERTILIZER Kg/ha N:P:K.
Fertilizer requirement is 200:100:100 kg/ha of N: P: K.
IRRIGATIONS:
18-22 irrigations are required in spring season and 20-25 irrigations are required
in autumn season.
YIELD Kg/ha:
Yield of sugarcane kg/ha is about 100 tons/ha.
VARIETIES:
BL-4, BL-19, COL-54, L-116,118 and CP-101 are varieties of sugarcane.

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PLANT PROTECTIONMEASURES (WEED, INSECT, PEST, DISEASES)
Smut, Red rot.
Top, Stem, Root borers. Pyrilla, Whitefly, Termites.
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF MAIZE;
Common Name: Makai
English Name: Maize or Corn
Scientific Name: Zea mays L.
CLIMATE:
It required warm climate and moderate temperature.
SOIL:
It required clay loam to silt loam soils.
LAND PREPARATION:
2-3 ploughings & plankings then make ridges.

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SOWING TIME:
Spring sowing (early February to mid-March), and autumn sowing (July to mid-
August).
HARVESTING TIME:
Spring harvesting end-May to June and autumn harvesting end-October to
November.
SEED RATE Kg/ha:
For fodder seed rate is 75-100 kg/ha and for seed the seed rate is 30-40 kg/ha.
SOWING METHOD:
Line sowing in Ridges with 75cm apart, Broadcasting and Choppa Method on
seed beds.
FERTILIZER Kg/ha N: P: K.
Fertilizer requirement is 150:100:00 of N: P: K.
IRRIGATIONS;
Spring Irrigations = 3-4 & Autumn Irrigations = 4-6
YIELD Kg/ha:
Fodder kg/ha = 60-75 t/ha & Seed kg/ha = 2-3 ton/ha
VARIETIES:
Fodder varieties = Neelam, Ccamus, Sultan and Sadaf etc.
Seed varieties = P-1429, Pioneer 30 T 60, HG-6107 etc.
PLANT PROTECTION (WEED, INSECT, PEST, DISEASES):
Maize blight, Stalk rot (Vitavax @ 2g/kg of seed). Leaf, Stem, Root borers, Army
worm, Aphid, Jassid, Shoot fly (Padan/Furadan@7kg/acre).

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PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF COTTON;
Common Name: Kappas
English Name: Cotton
Scientific Name: Gossypium hirsutum L.
CLIMATE:
High sunlight, temperature. Relative Humidity & frost free climate and 400-
450mm rainfall and Temperature 21-26o
C.
SOIL:
Sandy to Heavy loam soils are suitable.
LAND PREPARATION:
First Green Manuring done after this 4-5 ploughings & 2-3 plankings.
SOWING TIME:
Mid April to mid-June.

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HARVESTING TIME:
Mid October to December.
SEED RATE Kg/ha:
12-15 kg/ha (Desi Cotton Seed) and 20-25 kg/ha (American Cotton Seed).
SOWING METHOD:
Single Row drill is used R*R = 75cm and P*P = 20-45cm .Depth = 6cm.
FERTILIZER Kg/ha N: P: K.
It require 100:60:00 of N: P: K after the harvesting of wheat crop and when it is
sowing after Berseem crop it require 75:60:00 of N: P: K.
IRRIGATIONS:
4-5 irrigations for Desi Cotton and 5-6 irrigations are required for American
Cotton.
YIELD Kg/ha:
10-25 Q/ha (Desi) and 20-40 Q/ha (American)
VARIETIES:
MNH-93, NIAB-26, NIAB-78, S-12, CIM-240 and CIM-109 are the varieties of
Cotton.
PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES (WEED, INSECT, PEST, DISEASES):
L. C. V. Root rot, wilting of cotton. Aphid, Jassid, Whitefly, Army worm,
Bollworms. Weeds control through (cultural, chemical and physical control).
Diseases control (Pre-cautionary measures & Chemicals used) and for
insects/pests used (Pesticides).

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PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF RICE:
Common Name: Dhan or Monji
English Name: Rice
Scientific Name: Oryza sativa L.
CLIMATE:
Rice is a kharif crop. The temperature required for rice crop is 21 to 37 Celsius,
blooming the temperature required is 26.5 to 29.5 Celsius and ripening the
temperature required is 20 to 25 Celsius. If temperature is low 20 Celsius then
no batter grow.
SOIL:
Silt clay, silt clay loam and clay are the best soil textures for the growing of rice
crop. The best soil for rice crop is fertile riverine alluvial soil.
LAND PREPARATION:
Apply the farm yard manure then planker are used to spread the farm yard
manure in the field and applied light irrigation in the field for proper attain of
Production
Technology of Rice

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water condition, so after this we ploughing in the field by cultivator. We provide
water in the field to create the pudding condition, after this used a planker in
the field with tractor drawn or ‘Bull’.
SOWING TIME:
The recommended time of raising of nursery is after 20 May. Because if raising
of nursery before 20 May chance of attack of insect pest in the field. The best
time of transplanting of nursery in the main field after one month of sowing.
HARVESTING TIME:
It is harvesting during October. When 20-25% grain moisture, 80-85% straw
colored and grain in the lower part of panicle are in hard dough stage. Rice
should be harvest 30 days after flowering. It is harvest by sickle and advance
combine harvest.
SEED RATE Kg/ha:
In Pakistan, mostly rice is sown by nursery. 5-6 kg seed are required to grow of
one acre rice. For growing of one acre rice, we need 4-5 marla land required to
grow one acre rice.
SOWING METHOD:
For transplanting of nursery, we provide water in the field to create pudding
condition. After pudding condition, used a planker in the field with tractor drawn
or ‘Bull’. Recommended shallow transplanting at 1-2 cm depth.
FERTILIZER Kg/acre N: P: K.
Recommended dose of N: P: K is 60-65:26:24 kg/acre.

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IRRIGATIONS:
Standing water in the field for first two week for proper germination of rice crop.
16 irrigation are required to grow rice. Five thousand liter water required to
produce 1 kg of rice.
YIELD Kg/ha:
The average yield of Corse rice is 70-80 maund per acre and average yield of
Basmati rice or Super rice is 40-50 maund per acre.
VARIETIES:
Corse rice varieties i.e. Guard-403, Guard-53, Guard-50, Guard-Lp2 and Lp-18
etc.
PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES (WEEDS, INSECT, PEST, DISEASES):
Rice crop should be resistant against insect pest and diseases. Mostly attack of
insect pest is stem borer from seedling to maturity. Blast disease attack during
reproductive stage i.e. Leaf blast, Node blast, Collar blast and Panicle blast. If
proper insecticides applied then controlled this problem and attain high yield.

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PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF CANOLA:
Common Name: Canola
English Name: Rapeseed
Scientific Name: Brassica napus L.
CLIMATE:
Canola crops are grown in tropical and temperate zones. These grow well from
an altitude of 650 – 1500 meters. A warm weather (20o
C) during seed
germination, 15o
C – 20o
C during plant growth and long sunny bright days (25o
C
– 27o
C) at flowering and pod formation are most suitable for these crops.
SOIL:
Canola can be grown on a wide range of soils including both light and heavy soils.
Crop can tolerate a variable range of pH from 5.5 to 8.0.
LAND PREPARATION:
This requires a comprehensive, deep ploughing, harrowing. The land is
repeatedly ploughed with soil turning plough followed by cross harrowings and
planking. A clean and well pulverized seedbed of good tilth is prepared.

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SOWING TIME:
Canola is highly photo-sensitive crop. Sowing early or late, both have been
reported to be harmful. In Punjab, the sowing time of canola is 1st
October to 1st
November.
HARVESTING TIME:
The crop mature in 110-190 days depends upon the variety and time of sowing.
Harvesting is done in February to March.
SEED RATE Kg/ha: Recommended seeding rates are 1.5 to 2.0 kg/acre.
Lower than normal seed rate will help to reduce lodging and harvest. Seed rate
above the 2.5 kg/acre will result in tall spindly plants prone to lodging.
SOWING METHOD:
1. Broadcast method
They spread the seed over the field as even as possible and plough or
harrow and then plank the field.
2. Line sowing method
Seeds are sown in lines with the help of seed drill.
FERTILIZER Kg/ha N: P: K.
2.5 bags/ha of DAP are applied at time of sowing. Nitrogenous fertilizers are
used in split doses i.e. Basal dose of 23 kg nitrogen will come from DAP and from
remaining as urea 1.5 bags in November, 2 bags in December and 1.5 bags/ha in
January with the fertigation system or by broadcasting.
IRRIGATIONS:
Irrigation schedule varies with environmental conditions, temperature, rainfall,
soil type, and variety/hybrid. In flooding generally canola requires 3 – 4
irrigations depending upon rains.

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YIELD Kg/ha:
A good crop can produce about 100 maunds or 4 tons per hectare of seed
depending upon the variety.
VARIETIES:
Super canola, ARI canola, PARC canola hybrid, Sandhal canola etc.
PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES (WEEDS, INSECT, PEST, DISEASES):
Canola seedlings are very susceptible to weed competition. Disease of Canola
Stem and Root Rot, Stem, Black leg,
Leaf and Pod spots, Powdery mildew.
Chemical control (Thiabendazole 400
mg/100 kg seed, Topas 100 EC or any
other suitable fungicide). Insect pests
of canola i.e. Aphids, painted bugs,
red-legged earth mite, blue oat mite
etc. Chemical control (Lorsban 40EC,
Talstar 10EC, Karate 2.5EC.)

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PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF SUNFLOWER:
Common Name: Sooraj mukhi
English Name: Sunflower
Scientific Name: Helianthus annus L.
CLIMATE:
Sunflower thrive in warmer weather and climates. They are known for their
hardness and ability to survive extreme heat; however, the optimal temperature
for growing sunflower is between 70 and 78 degree Fahrenheit.
SOIL:
Heavy soils are most suitable for sunflower cultivation. Sandy and water-
logged soils are not desirable for sunflower production.

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LAND PREPARATION:
Sunflower has a well-developed root system, deep ploughing with a moldboard
plough is necessary. Deep ploughing is necessary to break the hard pan in the
rice cultivated lands. Laser land leveler should be used to level the field.
SOWING TIME:
Timely sowing of sunflower is necessary to get more yield. In case of late
sowing, oil content decreases and yield losses occur. Throughout the country
sunflower is grown in two seasons:
1. Spring sunflower crop:
1st
January to end of February.
2. Summer sunflower crop:
1st
July to 10 August.
HARVESTING TIME:
Sunflower crop matures when back of flower head turns yellow and the leaves
become grayish white and moisture content of seed is 30-35%.
SEED RATE Kg/ha:
2-2.5 kg of hybrid seeds having germination percentage more than 90% should
be used per acre.
SOWING METHOD:
Sunflower sowing can be done through planter, dibbling, single row cotton drill
and Kera method.
FERTILIZER Kg/acre N: P: K.
Fertilizer requirement of sunflower is 60 kg/acre nitrogen, 40 kg/acre
phosphorous and 25 kg/acre potassium.

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IRRIGATIONS:
Generally, four to five irrigations are required for the crop but it also depends
upon weather conditions.
YIELD Kg/ha:
The average yield of sunflower per hectare is ranges from 5 – 8 tons/ha.
VARIETIES:
 Hysun 33
 Hysun 39
 Kondi
 N K Armoni
 Agora-4
 T- 40318
 S 278
PLANT PROTECTION MEASURES (WEED, INSECT, PEST, DISEASES):
Control of weeds during the first eight weeks after emergence is crucial. Jassid,
Whitefly, Aphid, Cutworm, Armyworm and Mealy bugs are major insects causing
problems. Charcoal rot, Head rot, Leaf blight, Downy mildew, Powdery mildew
are the diseases affecting this crop. Seed treatment with fungicides can be
helpful in controlling fungal
diseases.
Thank you

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