The document discusses various methods for soil conservation including terrace farming, contour ploughing, crop rotation, shelter belts, strip cropping, and multiple cropping. Terrace farming uses stepped terraces to prevent soil erosion and retain water and nutrients. Contour ploughing involves ploughing across slopes along contour lines to reduce runoff. Crop rotation replenishes soil nutrients and diversity to prevent pathogen and pest buildup. Shelter belts are rows of trees that protect soil from wind erosion and provide habitat. Strip cropping alternates rows of crops with different root depths. Multiple cropping grows two crops in the same space during a season.

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2. SOIL CONSERVATION
• Soil conservation is a set of management
strategies for prevention
of soil being eroded from the Earth’s surface
or becoming chemically altered by
overuse, acidification, salinization, soil
erosion or other chemical soil contamination
to retain the fertility of soil.
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3. METHODS FOR SOIL CONSERVATION
• TERRACE FARMING:
This method of farming uses "steps", called andenes,
that are built into the side of a mountain or hill. On
each anden, various crops are planted, and when it
rains, instead of washing away all of the nutrients in
the soil, the nutrients are carried down to the next
level. Additionally, these "steps" prevent a free
flowing avalanche of water that would take plants with
it and destroy the all of the crops on the hillside. This
system also allowed them to build aqueducts, which
carried water to each andenes
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4. CONTOUR PLOUGHING
• Contour farming is the farming practice
of ploughing across a slope following its
elevation contour lines. The rows form slow
water run-off during rainstorms to prevent soil
erosion and allow the water time to settle into
the soil. In contour ploughing, the ruts made by
the plough run perpendicular rather than
parallel to slopes, generally resulting in furrows
that curve around the land and are level.
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5. CROP ROTATION
• Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of
dissimilar types of crops in the same area in sequential
seasons.
• Crop rotation confers various benefits to the soil. A
traditional element of crop rotation is the
replenishment of nitrogen through the use of green
manure in sequence with cereals and other crops. Crop
rotation also mitigates the build-up of pathogens and
pests that often occurs when one species is
continuously cropped, and can also improve soi
structure and fertility by alternating deep-rooted and
shallow-rooted plants.
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6. SHELTER BELTS
• Shelterbelt is a plantation usually made up of
one or more rows of trees or shrubs planted in
such a manner as to provide shelter from
the wind and to protect soil from erosion. They
are commonly planted around the edges of fields
on farms. If designed properly, windbreaks
around a home can reduce the cost of heating
and cooling and save energy. Windbreaks are also
planted to help keep snow from drifting onto
roadways and even yards. Other benefits include
providing habitat for wildlife and in some regions
the trees are harvested for wood products.
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7. STRIP CROPPING
• Strip cropping is a method of farming used
when a slope is too steep or too long, or
when other types of farming may not
prevent soil erosion. Striely sown crops such
as hay, wheat, or other small grains with
strips of row crops, such
as corn, soybeans, cotton, or sugar beets.
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8. MULTIPLE CROPPING
• In agriculture, multiple cropping is the
practice of growing two or more crops in the
same space during a single growing season. In
which a second crop is planted after the first
has been harvested, in which the second crop
is started amidst the first crop before it has
been harvested. A related
practice, companion planting, is sometimes
used in gardening and intensive cultivation of
vegetables and fruits.
Made By: Samyak Jain - 04