This document summarizes a seminar presentation on soil and water conservation measures. It introduces the topic and objectives of soil conservation, which are to ensure proper land use, prevent soil erosion and water pollution, and maintain soil fertility. It then discusses factors like rainfall and slope that affect conservation needs. Methods covered include engineering structures like contour bunds, terraces, and grassed waterways to reduce erosion and runoff. The document also addresses causes of soil erosion and loss, and principles of land management based on capability for maximum sustainable production while protecting soil health.

1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY, GODHRA (AAU)
WELCOME TODAY’S SEMINAR
SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
MEASURES
PRESENTED BY
KARTIK JADAV D. (05-0288-2015)
SUBMITTED TO
SRAVAN KUMAR JOGUNURI

2. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• OBJECTIVES OF SOIL CONSERVATION
• FACTORS AFFECTING SOIL AND WATER
CONSERVATION
• METHODS OF SOIL CONSERVATION
• WATER CONSERVATION
• METHODS OF WATER CONSERVATION
PRACTICES

3. INTRODUCTION
• Conservation of soil and water resources
is important for sustainability of
agriculture and environment.
• Soil erosion is one of the several major
deteriorative processes which results in
deterioration of the soil.
• Different control measures should be
adopted to protect the soil resources
against erosion.

4. SOIL & WATER
• The basic natural resources that must be
conserved/ utilized judiciously.
• Efficient utilisation is must for meeting for
food, fiber and fodder needs of growing
population.
• These resources are becoming extremely
competitive due to increasing in population
not only in india but all over the world.
• Depletion of land resources due to shifting
cultivation, high rainfall, large scale
deforestation, mining activities, overgrazing,
etc.

5. • It takes nature 600 –1000 years to build 2.5 cm of
top soil but get displaced in a year due to misuse.
• 6000 million tones of productive soil is lost every
year from about 80 million hectare of cultivated
land alone in India
• Soil lost from unprotected land is about 120
t/ha/yr and may go as high as 300 t/ha/yr.
(source: SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION THROUGH
HORTICULTURAL INTERVENSION IN HILLY AREAS R.K. Yadav, D.S.
Yadav, N. Rai and S.K. Sanwal )
http://www.kiran.nic.in/pdf/agri-
info/jhum%20cultivation/Soil_and_water.pdf

6. • Soil erosion by water, wind and tillage affects
both agriculture and the natural environment.
Soil loss, and its associated impacts, is one of
the most important (yet probably the least
well-known) of today's environmental
problems (BBC 2000; Guardian 2004).

7. AGENTS AND PROCESS OF EROSION
Agents of soil erosion
WATER
• Sheet erosion
• Rill erosion
• Gully erosion
• Stream bank erosion
WIND
• Saltation(1-1.5
mm)
• Suspension (less
than 1mm )
• Surface
creep(larger then
0.5-3 mm )

9. SOIL CONSERVATION
• Soil conservation is using and managing land based
on capabilities of the land itself, involving the
application of the best practices to result in
greatest profitable production without damaging
the land.
This is accomplished by:
• Land use based on capabilities.
• Conservation of soil & moisture to avoid damage
the soil.
• Use of the soil and crop management practices,
correction of acidity, alkalinity and drainage etc.

10. Soil & Water
Conservation
Erosion
Management
Water
Conservation
Soil Fertility
Management
Vegetation
Management

11. OBJECTIVES OF SOIL CONSERVATION
• For proper land use
• Prevention of Soil erosion
• Maintenance of soil fertility
• Reduction of water runoff
• Prevention of water pollution
• Safe drainage and irrigation on slope land
• Prevention of wind erosion.

12. • Use land according to its capability and treat it
according to its needs by applying suitable
scientific soil and water conservation measures
for maximum sustained production
Image source: https://www.researchgate.net/fig/LUCC

13. LAND USECAPABILITCLASSIFICATION
Image Source: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov

14. Choice & Design of S & W
Conservation measures depend on :
• Types Soil
• Land Slope
• Rainfall amount and Intensity
• Wind Characteristic of the Area

15. Engineering Measures
Not allow to water flow that’s why
transportation of soil is reduce and hence
reduce in the sheet erosion.
• Contour/Graded Bunds
• Terrace
• Waterways with Vegetative Cover
• Gully Plugs

16. Contour bund / Gradded bund
Small embankment type stuctures constructed
across the slope of the land. (soil or stone)
FUNCTIONS
• Prevent soil erosion
• Collect the surface runoff
• Increase the water infiltration
• Prevent the gull formation

17. (Image source: https://bestbunding.com.au)
Contour bund

18. BENCH TERRACE
• Bench terraces are flat beds constructed
across the hill slope.
FUNCTIONS
• To reduuce the soil erosion by shortening the
length of slope
• To conserve moisture by allowing runoff to
Infiltrate into the soil

19. BENCH TERRACE
Image source:
https://chancesoutofthedust.files.wordpress.jpg

20. Grassed waterways
• Natural or manmade water courses lined with
the erosion resistant grasses.
• Used for stable convayence or safe disposal of
runoff from an area.
• Constructed along the slope.
Shape of the waterways: Depends on site
conditions and type of equipment used.
(Trapezoidal, Parabolic and Triangular)

21. (Image source :https://asearchhistory.weebly.com)
Grassed waterways

22. THANK YOU
Any questions