The document provides an overview of 5 BIM software programs used for quantity surveying: Nomitech CostOS, Exactal Cost X, Vico Takeoff Manager, Glodon TAS, and Buildsoft Cubit. It describes the key functions and limitations of each software. CostOS, Cost X, and TAS allow generating quantities and cost estimates directly from 3D models. They provide accurate measurement and integrated cost databases. However, some like Cost X require users to self-prepare bills of quantities. Overall, the software programs aim to improve efficiency, accuracy, and collaboration for quantity surveying tasks through model-based measurement and reporting.

1. PART A
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a process that involves the generation and
management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of places. In
short, it is an intelligent 3D model-based process that equips architecture, engineering, and
construction professionals with the insight and tools to more efficiently plan, design, construct,
and manage buildings and infrastructure.
In Malaysia, Building Information Modeling (BIM) was first introduced in 2009. Then, by
the following year, which is 2010, the government announced to adopt BIM with the National
Cancer Institute in Sepang to be the first infrastructure construction project using BIM. Currently,
in Malaysia construction industry, BIM software is broadly used by private sector or even
government agencies who plan, design, construct, operate and maintain diverse physical
infrastructures, such as wastewater, electricity, roads, bridges, tunnels, etc.
There is various type of BIM software programs for quantity surveying available in the
construction market. These software programs have the ability to measure dimensions of all the
element of the building from foundation to superstructure, including the total estimated price for
constructing this property.
Consequently, by using BIM for quantity surveying, it can actually provide reliable and
accurate quantities as well as cost estimates. Also, it generates cost estimation reports which
categorized according to areas, blocks, concrete grades, subcontractor and other relevant
reports. Thus, this increases the speed of deliverables. With the advancement of science and
technology, we believe that the future of the construction industry will be all about BIM as BIM is
the future of design and long term facility management. It becomes much easier when we
wanted to develop a project by using BIM software now or in the future.
The following are the five types of BIM computer software to be studied in this paper: -
2.0 Nomitech (CostOS)
3.0 Exactal (Cost X)

2. 4.0 Vico Software (Takeoff Manager)
5.0 Glodon Software (TAS)
6.0 Buildsoft (Cubit)
2.0 NOMITECH (CostOS)
‘CostOS is a powerful cost estimating software which allows you to be more efficient, more
accurate and win more profitable work. From feasibility or Cost Plan through to the final detailed
bid on a single platform.’
- nomitech.eu
CostOS was built for individuals, Quantity Surveyors, Estimators or Consultants that has
the ability to provide distinguished services to their clients. In general, it is beneficial for mining,
architecture, engineering, oil and gas, procurement and construction. CostOS is an innovative
estimating solution that can be used to estimate the cost of a project at various stages (from
Planning to the Tender Phase). It can be used by contractors, subcontractors, consultants,
project owners, investors, designers, and suppliers to use for quotation. CostOS is easy to
learn, uses solid estimating principles and makes it easy to get information for documentation.
Cost Estimating solution, CostOS, on quantity surveyors point of view, helps increases
their competitiveness including responding to modern estimating for rapid speed, with massive
accuracy, low risk, more information and increase level of trust due to estimating and takers off.
With CostOS, the work will be closely with each of their customers to build mutual trust and
ensure that the client get fully information with this software. This software is widely used in the
field of Construction, Oil and Gas and also around the world.
CostOS BIM estimating can produce all information in the project that benefits to the
user by using the 3D model. Its embedded 3D viewer allows you to navigate easily through it
and select it to go information or detail about that item. The Cost Data not only just include line
items or percentages. It includes all the resources, which is material, equipment and labor rate.
2.1 FUNCTIONS

3. 2.1.1 Ability to Produce Bills of Quantities Directly Through 3D Model
Using both the local server cost database and the online databases can find the cost
data that matches the selected entities and directly assigns this data to the model. It will be
easier if the cost data is sent directly straight to supplier and helps produces the bill of quantities
more accurately than the manual method.
2.1.2 Ease of Identification of Omissions and Mistakes
More importantly, while working directly on the 3D model, we are able to identify
omissions or mistakes of the design and amend our estimates accordingly. Also, CostOS
ensures that no items will be missed and also improvises our take-off capabilities in every
occasion.
2.1.3 Increase of Accuracy
Measuring manually by using scale ruler makes it easier for simple errors to occur when
doing the bill of quantities. To avoid high risk of errors, using 3D would be more expeditious
rather than scale ruler. Compared to most cost estimating software, Nomitech CostOS provides
a more in-depth structural 2D/3D viewing in which it helps in measuring specific structural
members or any other items. 2D geometrical shapes, 3D geometrical shapes or unique
structural members can be measured easily by taker-off, which is more accurate. Its multiuse
capability makes it easier so that the taker-off does not have to calculate the items specifically
and the software would help in providing the information. Several commercial databases are
available within the CostOS platform and subscribed them.
2.1.4 Supporting Vary Kinds of Format
It supports measurement on PDF, TIFF, JPEG, WDG, DGN and DXF drawings format.
The quantity surveyor can receive any file for reference. Its multiuser capability enables many
quantity surveyors to work on all projects simultaneously. CostOS will provide you with the
visualization of the model because it also displays the differences in types of drawing format.
2.1.5 Team Working
CostOS encompasses collaboration and team working in its feature. Meaning to say that
it allows users and offices in different location to access into a centralized database created for

4. a company. Up to 300 users to collaborate and work together on the same platform and share
information on a real time basis.
2.2 LIMITATION
Nomitech CostOS’s main limitation is of no major negative impact, only to waste more
time than what it could provide. The software is unable to compare two different sheets of
drawings at the same time which makes it very difficult to view them consistently. It is time
consuming especially in the quantity take off period where it would need some practice for
quantity surveyors who does not expertise in micromanaging.
Picture below only shows how convenient it can be to have two sheets at the same time.
Overall, CostOS is specifically designed for companies that want to increase their
competitiveness by responding to modern estimating challenges more quickly, with less effort,
more accuracy, less risk, and with an increased level of confidence.
3.0 EXACTAL (Cost X)
Exactal was established in October 2003 to develop estimating software for the
construction industry and, more specifically, to integrate the estimating process with CAD
drawing files. Although there were a few suppliers in this field at the time, our approach differed
from others by the way we directly tied measurements to the elements in the CAD drawings.
This approach allowed us to deliver unique bi-directional links between the estimate and the
sections of the drawing represented; the resulting product was called CostX®
. The unique
combination of these two elements has also been trademarked by Exactal as the Cost
Geometry®
of the building.
CostX®
is now in wide spread use amongst quantity surveying, construction,
development, subcontracting and estimating firms, both large and small, around the world. From

5. its first release in July 2004, CostX®
sales have grown exponentially and it is now sold and
supported in over 80 countries including the UK, Ireland, Australia, USA, UAE, Malaysia,
Singapore, Hong Kong, New Zealand and across Africa.
3.1 FUNCTIONS
CostX®
enables user to quickly and accurately take off quantities from 2D drawings and
generate automatic quantities from 3D models or BIM using the most advanced electronic
takeoff system available. Prepare estimates, bills of quantities and tenders easily and all in a
fraction of the time and cost. It can reduce take off time by up to 80%. Besides, it is tightly
integrates into Microsoft Excel®
allowing users to access all their CostX®
data in Excel®
spreadsheet.
· 2D Takeoff
Supports scanned, PDF or CAD drawings and 3D models/BIM – all without the need to buy
CAD software.
· 3D / BIM Takeoff
Supports BIM by using digital design data to accurately estimate quantities and costs.
· Workbooks
Powerful spreadsheet based workbooks are live-linked to the drawings.
· Auto-Revision
Unique revision mode compares drawings and highlights the changes to identify revisions and
update quantities.
· Subcontractor Comparison
Subcontractor comparison workbooks can be generated with associated reports.
· Network Capability
Network capabilities allow multiple users to work on the same project at once.
· Paperless Estimating
Free costX viewer allows others to view your estimates and reports without paper copies.
3.1.1 Functions to Client

6. Following the popularity of CostX®
, CostX®
Viewer makes it easy to freely share
comprehensive costing projects with anyone. Take advantage of the all-electronic estimation
platform and offer interactive projects to our clients and co-workers complete with detailed cost
breakdowns and building revisions with live links to CAD drawings & BIM.
· Distribute Files in a Read-Only Format to Clients.
Offer our clients professional read-only packages complete with hierarchical spreadsheets
and live links to embedded CAD drawings & BIM that can be explored in real-time on-
screen.
· Get Fast Dynamic Estimates.
Get more from intuitive electronic estimates than paper print-outs could ever allow. CostX®
Viewer allows us to see past the cost summary: follow live links from within spreadsheets to
drawing dimensions, and view lower-level quantity and rate breakdown spreadsheets.
Instantly see on-screen the relationships between comprehensive cost breakdowns and
precision CAD drawings & BIM - all packaged together into one simple portable document.
· Get the Benefits of CostX®
. Free.
CostX®
has been developed with industry leaders to provide the most efficient package for
today's quantity surveying and estimating professionals. It allows us to easily identify on-
screen the impact of drawing modifications across building revisions.
3.2 LIMITATION
3.2.1 Self-prepare Bills of Quantities
Cost X users have to create their own bill of quantities work book. Even though it is
easier to generate bill of quantities compared to traditional way which is using excel, there is still
some minor mistakes when generating it example like when typing description may not
according to SMM2.
3.2.2 Inconvenience for Users
During measuring drawings, bugs may occur and it will slow down the process of taking
quantities. Quantities which had measured may not be seen. Users have to save the project
and reopen it in order to see what they had measured.

7. 4.0 VICO SOFTWARE (Takeoff Manager)
Vico Office Suite is the next generation of 5D BIM solution where it is created due to the
rapidly growing construction industry by increasing the efficiency, with shorter delivery times,
and producing high quality work to contractors or owners. With the usage of Vico office, building
owners and contractors can collaborate and work efficiently, hence improve predictability by
reducing risk and managing cost.
Furthermore, Vico Office Suite had collaborated with different software such as
Autodesk Revit, Tekla, SktetchUp which are shown on the image above. With Model
Progression Specification, the software itself can dictate better tools to use to the model or
format that are export by this software.
The chart below will illustrate how does the Vico Office functions with the built in application:
Vico
Constructability
Manager
Provides a solution for various clash detects and re-coordinates
resolution so that users can easily identify any constructability
issues in the planning stage before they occur in the site.
Vico Layout
Manager
Maps critical point in a virtual 3D model based on different
corresponding physical points on the job site. Hence, speeding

8. installation and also eliminating costly reworks.
Vico Takeoff
Manager
Derives construction-caliber quantities by locating from other
equivalent BIM models as well as quantities by location power more
accurate and precise schedules and estimates.
Vico LBS
Manager
Organized approach by dividing different projects into working
locations. Furthermore, it ensures trade crews flow smoothly from
prerequisite to successor task without interference.
Vico Schedule
Planner
Creates and produces a construction schedules by using each BIM
model elements and associating them with different task and
corresponding materials, resources and labor.
Vico Production
Controller
This is mainly used in the building phase especially in managing on-
site production.
Vico 4D
Manager
4D stimulation presentation tool that basically provide rich 3D
visualization and details of the project timeline to the extended
construction team.
Vico Cost
Planner
Powerful model-based cost estimating solution by providing an
environment for an evolving cost estimate that readily compares one
version to another or any version.
Vico Cost
Explorer
First model-based budgeting application where allowing extended
project team to visually understand which aspects of the project are
contributing to change in cost.
Vico Office
Client
Model versions are managed right here hence information is shared
across the office team and an inline reporting engine pulls
information from other departments to deliver constructability
reports, cost and resource loaded schedules, any design changes,
cash estimating as well as cash flow reports.

9. 4.1 FUNCTIONS
There are several functions by using the Vico Build application which it is much more
convenient to be used because it can pair different other applications which are developed by
the company itself and of course partner such as Revit, ArchiCAD and Tekla. Basically, it
wouldn’t effect much of the accuracy of the results at the end of the day. By dealing with low
and poor quality model, the in-app function which is Model Progression Specification can dictate
better by what tools are more appropriate to be used to different model and essentially
understand the property which required estimating and scheduling.
Hence, the cost can be extract and export into reports in Excel form spreadsheets that
also can be easily import into any other estimating machines and software. The application can
also identify DWG drawings as a background by using a BIM-authoring tool like ArchiCAD trace
over them similar to other onscreen taking off application.
Furthermore, it doesn’t required architect to own the Vico Office in starting process
because it can integrate with other design build software which associate with BIM software.
4.2 LIMITATION
There are also several limitations that couldn’t be achieved by Vico Office where it is an
only Microsoft Windows software, where currently a lot of company are emphasizing to use IOS
which is a much more stable platform to be used and mostly apply in current field.
Instantly, its limit set up for taking off is effectively only for buildings where other civil
work which is roads and bridges couldn’t be involve by using the application itself. Moreover,
changes to the model couldn’t be flag or change in the application, yet all changes need to be
done through their original program.
5.0 GLODON SOFTWARE (TAS)

10. Chinese AEC IT companies are now lead by Glodon Software Company limited which
was founded in 1998. Glodon was the first listed company in AEC IT industry; it was listed on
the ShenZhen SME Board in May 2010. Glodon now has a full set of BIM-based solutions that
focuses on BIM applications in the whole building life cycle and throughout every part of the
construction project. Glodon’s BIM provides not only the most comprehensive range of BIM
data, its solution fully penetrates into all stages of business needs. Glodon’s product range
consists of Takeoff for Architecture and Structure, Glodon Takeoff for Mechanical and Electrical,
Glodon Tender series for Bill of Quantities and Glodon Takeoff for Rebar.
5.1 FUNCTIONS
Currently, Glodon products are widely used in construction, industrial engineering and
infrastructure. Each individual product has its own unique features that aim to provide maximum
convenience to its users while exerting minimal effort.
Glodon products houses 3D measurement and calculation rules which include British
Standards and Uniform Building By-Law. These products enable users to perform quantity
taking-off from images with immediate 3D visual effect or electronic drawings and presents
accurate results for each component in real time.
While less data and formula input by the user is required in calculation of the quantities;
the correlation of the accuracy level of the result is higher with minimal user input mistakes.
Embedded within Glodon products are state-of-the-art quantities processing methods and
functions addressing quantity surveying tasks in various stages of construction such as
construction cost estimating, value engineering, project tendering, tender bidding, project post
contract administration and final account quantity re-measurement.
5.1.1 Glodon Takeoff for Rebar (TRB)
Function: TRB is a suite of quantity calculation software based on BIM (Building Information
Modeling) technology which works with TAS, TME and TBQ.

11. Features:
· Imports 3D model from TAS to calculate rebar quantities
· Produces 3D model through identification of CAD entities
· Easy to use User Interface
· Produces Rebar Schedule for fabricator on site
· Detail breakdown of calculation results
· Provides various reporting formats
5.1.2 Glodon Takeoff for Mechanical and Electrical (TME)
Function: TME is a BIM based quantity takeoff software for MEP (Mechanical, Electrical and
Plumbing). Which is also compatible with TAS, TRB and TBQ.
Features:
· Imports 3D model from TAS to layout building services
· Customizable built-in calculation rules
· Automatic joints and connecting accessories generation
· User-friendly interface
· Calculation result with detail breakdown
· Various reporting format
5.1.3 Glodon Takeoff for Architecture and Structure (TAS)
Function: TAS is a BIM-based quantity takeoff software for architecture and structure which
has successfully passed the building SMART certification. TAS also works with TRB, TME and
TBQ.
Feature:
· Imports 3D model from TRB to calculate quantities
· Produces 3D models by identifying CAD files or on image
· Dynamic links of quantities to BQ description
· Detailed breakdown of calculation results
· Various reporting format

12. 5.1.4 Glodon Tender Series for Bill of Quantities (TBQ)
Function: TBQ is an innovative, efficient and easy-to-use cost estimating software. TBQ works
well with TAS, TRB and TME.
Feature:
· Perfect interconnectivity with TAS
· User-friendly
· User-defined BQ format and layout, including BQ with multiple columns in landscape
printing orientation
· Traceable and manageable addendum
· Comparison between versions of BQ or Cost Plan
· Offline E-Tender enabled
· Import/Export from Microsoft Excel for information exchange
· Quantity analysis on item by unit of measurement
5.2 LIMITATION
Fulfilling all its products to the business from the process of construction design to its
operation that covers facility management by Glodon BIM can be very costly. Also, in order to
get the software updated on time, certain amount is needed to be paid for its maintenance and
operation updating fee. On the other hand, it may need an extra surcharge if users require
different products to cancel off the limitation between each other. The users of Glodon Takeoff
for Rebar (TRB) and Glodon Takeoff for Architecture and Structure (TAS) produce error like
over measured the rebar which is very hard to trace although it could reduce the time of
measurement.
In order for the takeoff matches the desired specification, measurement
parameterization needs to be adjusted when the specifications are not according to what the
suppliers establish.
6.0 BUILDSOFT (Cubit)

13. Buildsoft is an Australian company that develops and markets computer software for the
building and construction industry. Buildsoft has been operating for over 30 years and this
particular company specialize in estimation software designed to help builders, estimators,
contractors, subcontractors and tradespeople. Due to Buildsoft quality and reputation,
Universities and colleges in Australia as well as many throughout Asia and the United Kingdom
are teaching Buildsoft as the standard. There are 3 types of products in Buildsoft. They are
Cubit, Estimating Series and Mudshark. All of the products are designed for the construction
industry. The focus product on this report will be about Cubit.
Cubit is a software made by Buildsoft which is a unique and natural solution for
estimating and construction projects. This software combines both estimating and take-off in its
package, which can help save time and money. In addition, it only takes an hour to learn and
you can commence your work with the software.
6.1 FUNCTIONS
The function of this software is that it produces accurate take-offs and it allows the user
to take-off quantities directly from the plans directly into the estimate which can be done all on
the same screen. Cubit also has a 3D visualization function which not only looks good, but it
gives the user its accuracy and it is available at any time throughout the estimating process.
6.1.1 Simplicity with Plans
Cubit brings simplicity to importing, rotating, and scaling the user’s plans. If there
happens to be a mistake when scaling, it is easy to rescale at any time and all the taking off will
automatically be updated.
6.1.2 Plays Well with Others
Cubit is a team player, and it incorporates easily with MudShark Earthworks, Microsoft
Excel, Cordell Direct and the Buildsoft Estimating Series with data that is easy to move into all
the most widely used packages. Cubit will also plans from CAD(DWG, DXF), PDF, Image or a
BIM format.
6.1.3 Minimize Errors and Second-Guessing
Cubit can directly trace over the imported plans, simple or complex quantity take offs are
performed quickly and accurately. Cubit has a 3D visualization which uses referencing tools to

14. ensure the user does not miss any taking off any items or to check all the openings. Besides, it
has greater control, insights and analysis. It also helps to code the estimate in a way that allows
the user to sort data into difference formats and gives the user the ability to quickly analyze or
breakdown a job by cost code or material.
6.2 LIMITATION
6.2.1 Uses a Fixed License
Normally, Buildsoft systems have generally employed a floating license which means
one can easily share that license with other users or on other computers. However, Buildsoft
has decided to incorporate a fixed license into Cubit which means it is fixed to one user and can
only be used on one computer. Even though this means the security for this software has been
amplified, it also limits its flexibility when the user forgets to bring their laptop.
6.2.2 Requires a Powerful Computer
This software has a lot of functions which means it also requires a powerful computer for
it to function and run smoothly to reduce the loading time. It is said on one of the sites that there
will generally be an unlimited amount of columns one can use but it depends on the power of
the computer. For those companies who have not upgraded their computers, they might face
some problems.
6.2.3 Requires an Additional $1000 to get the Bills of Quantity into the Software
Cubit offers a wide range of functions for a reasonable price, however, it does not offer
the bills of quantity (BOQ) functionality which is crucial function for quantity surveyors. It has
been observed that it is available in the Cubit Pro which is a combination of both the Cubit (Best
seller) and the Cubit Lite which means it has all the functions provided by this company,
however it costs $1000 more just to upgrade it from Cubit to Cubit Pro.
6.2.4 Trying to Do Too Many Things at Once
It is said in one of the reviews regarding this software is that this particular software is
“trying to do too much and therefore not doing one thing well”. Besides that, this particular
review says that the taking-off and estimating is not very good yet as it has not updated itself in
a long time.

15. 7.0 BEST RECOMMENDATION
The best BIM software does not necessarily mean to have the most features, but for
quantity surveying, its features haven to be fitted our job well. After doing a detailed and critical
analysis and comparison of information of all BIM software, we decided to rate Glodon (TAS)
Software as the best BIM software which currently available on the construction market for
quantity surveying, and as our final recommendation.
Now, Glodon has a full set of BIM-based solutions that focuses on BIM application in the
whole building life cycle and throughout every part of the construction project. Besides, they
also provide solution which can fully penetrates into all stages of business needs instead of just
providing the most comprehensive range of BIM data. Moreover, their product range consist of
Glodon Takeoff for Architecture and Structure, Glodon Takeoff for Mechanical and Electrical,
Glodon Tender series for Bill of Quantities and Glodon Takeoff for Rebar. These products offer
more accuracy and more convenient to users as compared to other BIM software for quantity
surveying. All of these out-standing features are unique to Glodon (TAS), thus leading them a
greatly improving the software’s competitive edge in the market.
There are other benefits by using Glodon (TAS) software that apart from its features. For
instance, the quantity takeoff of a project, the architectural, mechanical, electrical or others, high
accuracy and efficiency can be expected. Additionally, Glodon (TAS) software will automatically
generate Bills of Quantities based on our measurement of 3D model that we have built. Glodon
BIM 5D has been verified by real projects, such as Guangzhou East Tower, Tianjin 117 Project,
etc.
In the nutshell, Glodon concentrates on BIM application with more concerns on
consumer value, long-term and healthy development of BIM. This explains the popularity of
Glodon while launching in the field of construction. Also, Glodon is beneficial in quantities
takeoff, graphic platform as well as knowing the requirement of consumers.

16. PART B
8.0 PREPARATION/ BRIEFING STAGE
Generally, the role of the Quantity Surveyor is to manage contracts and control costs
within construction projects. During the preparation stage, the consultant Quantity Surveyor
works directly under the Employer by identifying the Employer’s needs or requirements and the
possible limitations to develop the designated project. The consultant Quantity Surveyor would
have to recommend the most beneficial procurement method for the project after assessing the
possible options. It is important when making decision on the procurement method as it would
affect the whole contractual connections, responsibilities as well as risks towards the project’s
owner, the Employer, the consultants and the main contractor.
In this stage, the most important thing is that a professional Quantity Surveyor (QS) has
to prepare feasibility studies, estimate a gross cost for every element involved in this project
based on the drawings provided by the Employer or architect. Besides, the consultant QS has to
produce a preliminary cost estimation which can be carried forward to produce the cost plan or
budget for the Employer based on the total capital cost expenditure by offering the best and yet
economical solutions to ensure affordability of the project. As part of the consultant team hired
by the Employer, Quantity Surveyor will need to do a further detailed cost planning and ensure
that the cost is always within the budget during construction period.
8.2 BENEFITS IN PREPARATION/ BRIEFING STAGE
BIM
1. Assess project feasibility more easily
- BIM helps to evaluate buildings’ performance according to regulations regarding
constructability and functionality.
- Surveyors can create a terrain model for higher accuracy of site conditions; which allows
project team to review viability of construction and prevent possible problems and overruns.
2. Better visualize of project through 3D model
- The visualization itself can help contractors and suppliers understand the rough idea of the
project, which can help giving them a head start to prepare the needed materials.
- Clients who may not understand CAD drawings or who are not involving in the construction
industry can visualize it in a better way.
3. Eliminates diversions of project team

17. - All members of the project will receive the same 3D model, assessing the same requirement,
procedure and outcome of the project. Meaning to say that all members can mainly focus at the
same direction to attain the best result.
CAD Measurement
1. Better visualization of project than manual measurement
- Project team members are more familiar with the CAD drawings than manual drawings as
manual drawing by hand may cause confusions where different designers might having different
style of drawings.
- Better presentation to clients and stakeholders in order to prevent any misunderstanding on
the project.
- Electronic drawings can be viewed by altering its size and resolution unlike manual drawing.
2. More accurate estimation through CAD drawing drafts
- Taking off measurement from a manual drawing may causing a hard time for Quantity
Surveyor, as the dimension or area of certain element in the project is unclear or unsure. With
CAD drawing drafts, we can refer to the scale that are attached inside the drawings which can
eliminates any unwanted mistakes on estimating.
Manual Measurement
1. Cost Effective
- Manual measurement is considered as the cheapest method as compared to the other two
measurements as the cost is mainly on the printing of drawings and documents whereas BIM
and CAD software are costly to purchase them.
2. No further training required
- All fresh graduate QS are exposed to manual measurement since they have done the
traditional method for their degree programme.
- QS consultant firms have to send their new employee who are freshly graduated for a training
programme in order to let them familiarize with the capability of the BIM and CAD measurement
software, which will incur extra costs.

18. 8.3 CONSTRAINTS IN PREPARATION/ BRIEFING STAGE
BIM
1. High investment in cost, time and training
- New companies or small firms may not have enough capital to implement it as the cost of the
software itself is expensive.
- The need for training incurs cost that give time constraints to the company’s project.
2. Not flexible with construction cost variations
- BIM software estimates the total construction cost by providing the cost-to-complete of a
project. However, it does not include price variations that might incur.
- Some unforeseeable variations such as delivery delays, material wastage, petrol prices or
weather that would affect contractor’s work.
CAD Measurement
1. Expense on Software
- Not all CAD software are free of charge for users to download and install into their desktop,
such as AutoCAD is charging a high price for membership, unlike QCAD and OpenSCAD which
are free.
- Additional upgrades could incur more cost to the company. When a new update version is
available, it would require the user to adapt and update their skills.
2. Lack of Information Backup
- Users have to save their work manually in order to safely back their work up due to this
software is that it does not have a backup system and auto saving function for projects.
Manual Measurement
1. Cost Plan
- Cost planning done by the QS can provide advices to the client on budgeting or changes
needed for the project. But, the QS may need to use cost data which is a data showing cost per
m2
of a building components in order to create cost plan, it has a few considerations that should
be taken as shown as below:
I. Accuracy of cost data is ±10%
II. Different countries are having different cost data prices; they need to update more
frequently.
III. Cost data does not include unforeseeable variations such as weather conditions,
preliminary prices and taxes.

19. 2. For those very experienced Quantity Surveyor, they can estimate just based on their
experience from past projects which means fresh graduate QS does not have sufficient
knowledge and experience to estimate cost or budget
9.0 DESIGN STAGE
9.1 BENEFITS IN DESIGN STAGE
BIM
BIM software is able to capture the current condition of the site can be captured by BIM
software, therefore, it is much easier for the team to design the buildings. BIM enhances the
design process, it improves the management and integration of expertise and also the
collaboration on the project. Wastage rates and design stage costs of the project not only can
be reduced by the application of BIM at the early design stage but also accelerating the
progress. BIM has improved the efficiency of designing the building for contractor and supply-
chain teams, therefore, 15,000 hours of man hours is saved for design development progress.
Structure design efficiency can be driven by the users and their supply-chain when using BIM
during the design stage. Editing is much more convenient, client special requirements can be
now turned into reality by the users using BIM software.
Besides, BIM enables the sunlight or wind directions or even the seasonal changes in
some countries to be visualized in real life effect. Besides, architects are able to have a better
vision on where the building should face in order to attain client’s requirements. Clashes of
electrical circuit can be detected early in the beams or slabs preventing conflicts that are bound
to happen in tense moments. BIM software is able to detect clashes of electrical circuit in the
beams or slabs so that damages can be avoided.
CAD Measurement
CAD measurement is able to design models much quicker. In terms of editing, it is able
to reduce the time consuming process, if clients request for a sudden change, it will not take
much time on it. By using CAD, strength and durability of the building materials can be tested by
engineers, therefore, some unnecessary cost mistake can be prevented. CAD also allows
printing documents in different forms for multiple users. For example, contractors from different
areas are able to plan their workload at the same. The duration of the construction process is
reduced as the contractors do not have to wait for each other before one another has done their
work, both can start doing their task together. CAD can also reduce miscommunication and
provide better understanding to the team, as it is able to visualize complex technical elements.

20. Manual Measurement
Manual measurement is most traditional method as it does not or requires a little use of
computer to operate it. Old birds or seniors would prefer using this method, as it is much easier
to be understood since they are more familiar with the traditional way. Other than that, no
software is needed using manual measurement therefore, companies do not need to pay a
large amount to purchase a software. Besides, workers also do not need to be professionally
trained to use manual measurement unlike those complicating software that may cause a lot
time and money as well.
9.2 CONSTRAINTS IN DESIGN STAGE
BIM
BIM software requires experienced users to the software and programs, BIM team
members must be knowledgeable to handle the sophisticated model. If users are not familiar,
they may prolong the duration of the construction process. The cost of this software is very high
that may cause losing on job opportunities to purchase it. The transition from drafting to
modeling, it may require a high-level skilled design drafter who is more professional in material
used of the project. It also incurs more cost to train and maintain such specialist than a
draftsman.
CAD Measurement
For CAD software, it requires users that are well-trained and knowledgeable in order to
use CAD software. Users who are not trained to use CAD may face difficulties to manipulate the
functions and ability of the software. Misusing the software will bring about trouble to the
construction team as there are mistakes arise, and that would cause the whole process being
delayed and will need more time to figure it out.
Manual Measurement
The major disadvantages for manual measurement is time consuming, it is being
practiced by using scale rule and calculator, it may need more manpower and a lot time to
measure comparing to programmed software. Besides, changes will always happen due to
different requirements client acquire, every changes it makes, the measurement need to be
measured manually again according to the architect new drawing. Errors like miscalculation will
always arise because human error will always occur especially when it is being measured

21. urgently and manually. Work done may not be completed nor organized. On the other hand,
sharing information cannot be done in manual measurement as it has only 1 copy which is the
original drawings, it can be shared only if it is being photocopied, and it may take a lot time and
effort to do so.
10.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Preconstruction as defining the project scope, schedule, and cost as early as possible
with the most efficient use of resources and money Ultimately, preconstruction effort helps the
owner determine if the project is even viable or not. If viable, Preconstruction defines the scope
of work enough to determine a firm cost and schedule for the project. In this assignment, we will
be looking into the benefits and constrains of Building Information Modelling (BIM), CAD
measurement and Manual Measurement.
10.1 BENEFITS IN PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
BIM
1. Increases accuracy of the cost estimation process
- From the BIM model, quantities can be extracted and form a basis for a bill of quantities which
can be used in the procurement phase. With cost estimation, often also called 5D, the objects in
a 3D design are linked to price lists for different materials. Estimations can be even more
precise if productivity and other related information for building components in the model are
available.
2. Preparation of the tender documents can be reduced
- BIM has a feature which acts like an automatic quantity take-off and automatic estimation and
hence, the time need to price the building will be shortened.
CAD Measurement
1. 3D modelling
- CAD measurement provides 3D modelling which can be rotated around an axis which gives
the user or designer a better understanding or a better image of the building that is being
constructed.
2. Reduce human error

22. - The human brain cannot visualize to exact scale, hence with the help of the 3d modelling, not
only can it help ease the visualization of the building, but it can also help minimize the need for
re-work because the design quality greatly improves.
Manual Measurement
1. Cost effective
- Manual measurement has the lowest start-up cost in comparison with the other two
measurements as the cost required for the manual measurement is mainly on the printing.
10.2 CONSTRAINTS IN PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
BIM
1. Incompatibility with partners
- BIM is not yet universally used among construction professionals. There is always the
possibility that one of your partners or subcontractors may not use BIM and may not be able to
use your models.
CAD Measurement
1. Does not allow repetition of object
- If there are repeated objects in CAD, the function of cut and paste must be used to enable the
software to automatically measure the number of objects.
Manual Measurement
1. More time consuming
- There are over a hundred drawings available for the project and a lot of time would be needed
to finish it by hand.
11.0 CONSTRUCTION STAGE
11.1 BENEFITS IN CONSTRUCTION STAGE
BIM
1. Great reduction of Rework

23. - BIM have been attracting large corporation especially developers because BIM can reduce of
rework up from 40 to 90 percent in completed construction projects. Researcher had also found
that the estimating costs caused by rework can make up to nearly 5 percent of the total
construction cost. Hence, the substitute of applying BIM can be a large incentive for contractors
for implementing of BIM technology in business works.
2. Planning and Control the construction processes
- All components of the building can be checked and planned in advance which leads to better
collaboration and instantly reduced needs for on-site inventories such as reducing and
minimizing the costs. Additionally, BIM functions by following up the actual construction status
by daily regularly updating the dates of installation according to the model itself.
3. Linking and synchronizing the building model to the project schedule
- Graphical visualize is possible by linking to the project schedule through a linkage time plan,
called 4D. It enables the users to stimulate the process of construction with virtual view of the
building at any point. In addition, BIM is used because it can detect defects like planning errors
instead of realizing later during construction phase.
CAD Measurement
1. Less time to execute a design idea
- CAD software has variety of tools for editing the design textures and colors of designs in order
to present to client without starting from scratch which will consumed a lot of time. Hence, it also
can help decision be more precise because of visualize output.
2. Enhance correspondence process
- Changing data in CAD is easier, where re-examined and overhauled arrangements to the
group is much more convenient. 3D CAD can create different point of view perspectives of a
structure with precise data to be fabricated and making development proficient.
Manual Measurement
1. Prevent Lost of Data
- During the construction stage, it is important that every drawing must be present when the
contractor commences his/her work. Manual measurement can reduce the risk of information
loss through computer system like virus infection or files not saved properly beforehand. Thus,
all information and measurement are much more secured because they are hand written.
11.2 CONSTRAINTS IN CONSTRUCTION STAGE

24. BIM
1. Social context obstacles
- People who fully understands the function of BIM are limited. People may not be familiar with
the usage of BIM during construction stages. Thus, lack of awareness in possible benefits and
challenges in how to use BIM applications.
2. Time Consuming
- A project based construction consist of many elements and subtask to be scheduled and
completed. In the nutshell, the schedule updating may take up a certain cost hence time
consuming and the decision also must be made and commit by the construction manager.
CAD Measurement
1. Limitation in measurements
- Although most of the measurements quantity and units can be easily obtained through 2D
drawings that requires simple 2D outline, but some estimations like volume cannot be
implemented for 3D drawings.
2. Requires time to adapt
- For older companies, it might be difficult to adapt to the changes from manual to digital
because the existing drawings obtained by the older companies would require a long time to
convert or create the drawings into CAD drawings.
Manual Measurement
1. Inaccuracy of data
- Data which is manually calculated or measured can be inaccurate as it requires a lot of time to
discover the mistakes. Thus, by using a software based program, it can easily identify the errors
made hence, it provides an accurate data and final cost. Instantly, manual measurement does
not provide 3D, 4D and 5D functions like a software could.
2. Delay of work
- Variation constantly occurs during construction phase where through manual measurement it
indirectly consumes a lot of time.
12.0 OTHER STAGE
12.1 BENEFITS IN OTHER STAGE

25. BIM
1. Planning
- Everything can be planned with the help of the 3D drawings. Maintenance works that needed
can be plan with the help of BIM. Checking the location of the existing works is just a click to it
for facility management like M&E works and piping works.
2. Easy for additional works
- Additional works can be designed base on the existing BIM file as the 3D model is based on
the actual project. The designer can directly design base on the model and hence, no site
measurement is needed.
CAD Measurement
1. Space Efficient
- Facility management do not have to find a space to store all the drawings. As drawings are not
required to show every day, so it is better to save the space for other purposes. Normally people
prefer can get soft copy as hard copy as it is not easy to carry.
2. Last Longer
- Paper is not water resistant or fire resistant. CAD file can be saved as long as no corruptions
that occur or the file is permanently deleted. It is suitable for post construction as completed
project normally will last 10 years and above. During that time, paper may be discarded, so CAD
file play an important role in post construction.
Manual Measurement
1. Easy to Refer
- It is not easy to refer to a CAD file as there is only a screen even though you can multitask. For
manual measurement, you can put all the drawings on a table to refer. Even though CAD files
are highly used in industry, but people still prefer to print a hard copy of it to mark down
measurement or refer details drawings.
CONSTRAINTS IN OTHER STAGE
BIM
1. Re-measurement is needed
- Actual project may have differences with drawings. Re-measuring may be necessary before
any work is conducted.

26. CAD Measurement
1. Only available for new project
- As CAD files have only been released in the recent years, projects older than 10years have no
CAD files. If the designer requires the drawings, only hard copies are available.
Manual Measurement
1. Incorrect Scale
- Scale is based on the actual project. But as we photo copy it many times, scale maybe
inaccurate as they will be some defect.
13.0 CONCLUSION
Throughout the whole report, we can conclude that Building Information Modelling (BIM)
offers the opportunities to the construction industry. Undeniably, our nation, Malaysia still
catching up with other developing countries in the implementation of BIM. The main reason why
the adoption of BIM is lesser than the figure that we expected is because of the reluctance to
invest cost for training of staffs. Also, they are lack of awareness on the benefits of BIM
software. Therefore, the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) together with the
government should enforce the usage of this software in the construction industry.
Generally, it is essential to adopt the usage of BIM from the preparation stage up to the
construction stage until the completion of the project in order to save time as well as cost.
BIM computer software is beneficial due to its:
● Better quality and value
● Improve integrations and coordination on-site
● Reduce wastage of materials
● Increase understanding and predictability
● Improve efficiency

27. In conclusion, BIM has more pros than cons. Thus, this software should be utilized
wisely in order to carry this industry to a brighter future.