3. 3
Introduction
Building information modelling (BIM) software includes computer-aided design (CAD)
products used commonly within the architecture and construction industries. Many of these
products offer tools and libraries specifically targeted for architectural design and
construction, including mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) and building information
modelling (BIM). BIM software offers a model-based process for designing and managing
buildings and infrastructures, going beyond construction drawings to generate a digital
representation of the functional properties of a facility.
There are BIM software with different functionalities in the market today. These range from
software for modelling, quantities take-off and costing, project management to cloud-based
BIM. Typically, software for quantities take-off and costing can open 2D drawings or 3D
models created by BIM design or modelling software for viewing and quantity extraction. The
generation of quantities should be according to the standards method of measurements to
produce the Bills of Quantities. These include concrete volume with same or different mix,
classification of formwork in stages, reinforcement bars, interior finishes areas, and can be
separated into building works, architectural works, landscaping works and MEP works.
Every software tool has its own merits and it is greatly dependant on the organisation and
the environment in which it is to be implemented. And so, the assignment had made us to
study five BIM software and therefore, we shall compare and evaluate and eventually, the
best one should be recommended out of five. Five BIM software to be studied:-
I GLODON
II COST X
III VICO
IV COSTOS
5. 5
Glodon
Glodon has been a pioneer in BIM research. Focusing on BIM applications in the whole
building life cycle and throughout every phase of the construction project, Glodon now has a
complete set of BIM-based solutions. BIM is not only a model, Glodon’s BIM offer the most
comprehensive range of BIM data, its solution fully penetrates into all stages of business
needs. Glodon BIM overview is as shown below.
Its products range include Glodon Takeoff for Rebar, Glodon Takeoff for Mechanical and
Electrical, Glodon Takeoff for Architecture and Structure, Glodon Tender Series for Bill of
Quantities and MagiCAD.
Features
1. Glodon Takeoff for Rebar (TRB)
TRB is BIM-based quantity takeoff software for rebar. It supports model sharing with Glodon
TAS, enabling quantity takeoff for rebar and architectural works in the same BIM model. It is
the only quantity takeoff software embedded with local measurement methods and it
supports importing local BQ and extracting rebar quantities to generate reports quickly by
supporting the data sharing with Glodon TBQ which helps in improving the efficiency of
generating tender documents.
6. 6
2. Glodon Takeoff for Mechanical and Electrical (TME)
TME is BIM-based quantity takeoff software for MEP (Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing).
It completes quantity takeoff by one click as well as showing different systems and positions
of MEP devices clearly by auto converting black-and-white PDF drawings into colourful ones.
3) Glodon Takeoff for Architecture and Structure (TAS)
TAS is BIM-based quantity takeoff software for architecture and structure, which has
successfully passed the buildingSMART certification. It is the only quantity software that
enables the editing of BIM mod els, and supports the direct import of IFC, DWG and PDF
drawings to build 3D models efficiently.
4) Glodon Tender Series for Bill of Quantities (TBQ)
TBQ is an innovative, efficient and easy-to-use cost estimating software, whereby it identifies
paper BQ and link summary pages with BQ item pages automatically to prepare e-tender
efficiently. It enables team to collaboratively prepare tender to enhance work efficiently.
5) MagiCAD
MagiCAD offers localisation for different country-specific standards and enables MEP design
using over 1,000,000 intelligent 3D product models from leading international manufacturers,
each product complete with accurate dimensions and comprehensive technical data. Adding
MagiCAD's clever automated capabilities to user’s Revit or AutoCAD will make our MEP
design faster, easier and more productive.
Functions
1. Perfect data interface, accurate model data
Glodon BIM supports international standard model format IFC, and is also developed for
Chinese format GFC. It rapidly transfers from 2D drawings into 3D models.
2. High market share of Takeoff products
Glodon BIM model can integrate with its nation-wide takeoff software, which is the core
source of BIM application data.
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3. Project management and BM 5D
5D BIM-based project management can visually control schedule contract and cost with
multi-coordination. Moreover, it supports Web and Mobile to inquire 5D information anytime,
anywhere.
4. Professional management tool
Glodon BIM provides professional tools such as change management which providing
accurate information for decision making. Thus, costs are reduced, construction period is
shorten and quality is improved.
5. Quick Modelling & BIM-Based Quantity Takeoff
Glodon enables the editing of BIM models and supports the direct import of IFC, DWG and
PDF drawings to build 3D model effectively. One click to complete quantity takeoff based on
the model. Quantity surveyors are able to deal with variations quickly by only adjusting
model information and performing calculation again.
Limitations
1. Costly
Glodon BIM can be expensive if a
company wish to acquire all its products
that fulfil the business from the process
of construction design to its operation
which cover facility management as well.
Also, the users need to pay for its
‘maintenance or operation updating’ fee
so that every time when new things are
leased, their software will get updated.
On the other hand, it presents an
extension of price when users require
different products to offset each other’s
limitation. Graphic above shows that
Glodon BIM is having different kind of products for different services.
8. 8
Cost X
With BIM fast emerging in the construction industry and various estimating software
packages claiming to support BIM, we need to make sure that our software will cover all the
BIM bases. CostX® is renowned worldwide as a leading BIM estimating solution and is used
in a variety of industries for this reason. There are a few of CostX products which include
CostX®, CostX®Takeoff, CostX®Takeoff 2D, CostXL and CostX® Viewer.
Features
1) CostX®
CostX® is Exactal’s top-of-the-range product. CostX® is a project costing tool that enables
estimators to utilise the most advanced electronic takeoff system while embracing BIM to
deliver better results to clients.
2) CostX® 2D
CostX® 2D does not support 3D/BIM drawings or allow for auto-revisioning, but still contains
Exactal’s world-leading 2D takeoff and integrated workbook. If our company does not
receive 3D/BIM drawings but still wants to take advantage of the faster, smarter and more
accurate estimating solution on the market, CostX® 2D is a good choice for us.
3) CostX® Takeoff
If we only require CostX® for measuring, CostX® Takeoff still allows us to utilise the most
advanced takeoff system on the market. CostX® Takeoff not only supports a variety of 2D
drawings but also supports 3D/BIM models.
4) CostX® Takeoff 2D
CostX® Takeoff 2D is Exactal’s most basic product but still allows us to use the world-
leading 2D takeoff, meaning one can measure areas, lengths and counts in a few clicks. If
we have only used manual measurement and Excel® before and want to start off with
something simple, CostX® Takeoff 2D may be the best choice for a quantity surveyor.
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5) CostXL
Many programs export data to Excel® but CostXL is different because the data is live-linked
to CostX® itself. Whenever the CostX® data is changed, the Excel® spreadsheet updates
automatically. CostXL is an invaluable tool for any CostX® client who uses Excel® spread
sheets to work with construction data.
6) CostX® Viewer
CostX® Viewer allows user to take advantage of the all-electronic estimation platform and
offer interactive projects to clients and co-workers complete with detailed cost breakdowns
and building revisions with live links to CAD drawings & BIM.
Comparison between various CostX products.
Functions
1) Design Package Support
CostX® supports BIM exports from all major 3D design packages such as Revit®,
Archicad®, Microstation®, Tekla® and Google Sketchup®. It has full 3D graphics capability
and has the ability to extract object properties and generate automatic quantities from 3D
BIM. In addition, all standard 2D drawings such as scanned, PDF or CAD drawings are
allowed – all without the need to buy CAD software as it is all in a single integrated program.
2) Network Capabilities
CostX®’s network capabilities allow multiple users to work on the same project at once. It
improves productivity by allowing users to work on the same project at the same time with no
need to merge CostX® files or duplicate multiple drawing imports for electronic takeoff.
3) Auto-Revisioning
The unique revision function in CostX® allows CostX® to compare the drawings, highlights
the changes, creates an audit trail and updates the measurements – the live links do all the
work in this construction estimating software when revision occurs.
10. 10
4) Workbooks
Users can use spread sheet-based templates to create accurate cost plans, estimates, bills
and tenders, all live linked to drawings, so they can see what has been measured where.
5) Paperless Estimating
Free CostX® Viewer allows others to view quantity surveyors’ estimates and reports without
paper copies. CostX® offers quantity surveyors’ clients the free CostX® Viewer software,
and then share interactive CostX® projects in a safe and easy-to-use format.
6) Subcontractor Comparison
The Subcontractor Comparison System in CostX® generates a workbook which allows
subcontractor quotation details to be entered and compared in a structured manner.
Limitations
1) Continuously pay for add-ons
Users need to purchase a wide array of Add-On products and solutions to extend the
capability of its BIM tools.
2) Do not enable editing of BIM models
The electronic takeoff allows user to automatically extract quantities from BIM, plus measure
areas, lengths and counts from a range of 2D drawings provided by architect consultants,
without allowing the quantity surveyor to build 3D models themselves, hence take time to
deal with variation in drawings.
3) Measurement limitations
There are some restrictions while doing measurement on Cost X. For instance, the vertical
position of windows cannot be adjusted to its accurate position, hence the 3D model live-
linked with the measurement information can only illustrate the position of windows on the
ground. Another example is the limitation in measuring rebar. Bents for BRC and concrete
cover is hardly detected and measured in the drawing. To diminish the problem, exceeding
length on bents and extra area of BRC is measured, which is certainly inaccurate.
11. 11
Vico Software
Vico software provides construction software and services to the commercial building
industry. It can reduce risk, manage cost of the project, and optimize schedules on complex
building projects. It is remain the construction industry's most integrated approach to
coordination, quantity takeoff, cost estimation, project scheduling, and production control.
Function
1) 2D to 3D change management
Vico Document Controller is able to identify changes, deletions or additions between 2D
drawing set versions and 3D model versions. Besides, it is also able to compare coordinated
3D models to the 2D contract documents for the final checking.
3D BIM for Clash Detection
Vico Constructability Manager is able to detect clash in the project. Besides, it can also
define common and even complex comparisons, save them, and re-run the comparisons
when new model versions become available. Besides, the Leader can prepare a
Constructability Analysis Report for discussion and resolution with project stakeholder so
that we can identify the issues of construction in the planning stage before the project started.
12. 12
3D BIM for Layout
Vico layout manager can accurately point out the layout point in the virtual model to assure
that the building components have been set up in the correct position as defined by model.
Besides, it can also help in speed up the installation of the work and eliminate cost to rework.
3D BIM for Quantity Takeoff
Vico Takeoff Manager is able to use
geometry analysis algorithm to scan
the 3D model content and it will
automatically create takeoff items.
Therefore, the schedule and
estimating construction cost can be
derived based on a set of
construction-calibre quantities by
location from BIM models. Meanwhile,
there is no need to export and import
data as the data of takeoff by location
will automatically available in the Vico
Cost Planner and Schedule Planner modules. Besides, the ability to view the takeoff items is
to provide a clear feedback and make sure that there are no quantities are missed.
Whenever it makes any changes, it will automatically update the quantities after published.
Therefore, the cost planning and schedules are always accurate.
5D BIM Estimating
Estimators can use Vico Office Cost
Explorer to provide feedback about the
status of the project, communication
and understanding of project cost
variation to the owner in order to keep
the budget on track. The stoplight
colour coding makes it easy to identify
and compare design changes to the
target cost and actual cost. From the graphic below, red colour is represented over budget,
yellow colour is represented within range, green colour is represented on budget and blue
colour is represented suspiciously low.
13. 13
Vico Cost Planner is the cost calculation, estimating, and value engineering module. It
includes Vico Takeoff Manager which provides an accurate estimate within a short period.
Besides, Cost Planner also provides continuous cost feedback in order to keep the budget
on track. Cost Planner also introduces an innovative n-tiered 3D spread sheet; a unique
graphic scheme which enables us to gradually develop our cost plan from a basic abstract
level to a highly-detailed cost estimate. Vico Cost Planner also includes a Library Manager,
which allows to store a collection of standard of own historical data and reuse it in estimating.
Limitation
The limitation of Vico software is it doesn’t have the ability to automatically detect the
collisions between different models as you put them together.
14. 14
Nomitech CostOS
CostOS can be used to estimate the cost of a project at various stages. For example, from
Concept phase to the Tender Phase. It can be widely used by Contractors, Subcontractors
and Consultants. Besides, for those companies who wish to increase their competitiveness
by responding to estimating challenges more quickly, with less effort, more accuracy, less
risk, CostOS Cost Estimating is the recommended estimating software solution. Lastly,
CostOS enables 2D (PDF, CAD, BIM and GIS) takeoff.
Function
1) CostOS 2D Extraction
CostOS 2D Extraction is a Quantity Takeoff Module that is integrated with CostOS
Estimating. It can support measurements on different type of files, for example PDF, TIFF,
JPEG, DWG, DGN and DXF drawings. In this software, it allows many users to work on the
same project at the same time as it is multiuser. Therefore, it is time saving compare to other
software. The quantities of the materials are fully coordinated with the Bill of Quantities.
Besides, it can also support the custom measurements, such as ducts area, slab rebar.
Lastly, the amount of quantities can be connected with CostOS Parametric Models or Smart
Assemblies.
2) BIM & GIS Modules
BIM and GIM modules enable the quantity takeoffs on maps. It is very useful for early phase
conceptual projects. For example, infrastructure projects, pipelines and highways. Besides,
BIM can measure the quantities in simple but visual way. Just navigate through the
geometrical model, use the ‘estimate what you see’ method to calculate and perform the
takeoff from the 3D model. Furthermore, IFC files is allowing to import models from BIM
systems such as ArchiCAD, Autodesk Revit, Bentley Architecture and All Plan as it has store
the relationship between model classes and cost database. Lastly, CostOS can also ensure
that no item is missed out.
15. 15
3) International Estimating
CostOS can integrate with cost estimating database or on-line databases. With CostOS,
whether doing a local or international project, it can get the current and updated exchange
rates from the internet and coordinate the estimate automatically. Besides, CostOS can also
records the location of the resources and the suppliers used for future reference. CostOS is
able to import, export and synchronize the historical data that is stored in spreadsheets. It is
easy to import Bill of Quantities from spreadsheets and start estimating the project.
Furthermore, formulas in Excel are also supported in import and export format. Lastly, Excel
has a system like Palisade Risk for risk analysis to the models.
4) BCIS: The RICS Building Cost Information Service.
BCIS is a provider of cost information to the construction industry. BCIS has been collecting,
collating, analysing, modelling and interpreting cost information .BCIS data can provide an
early cost advice, budget, benchmark projects and to prepare life cycle cost plans. Besides,
contractors can also use BCIS comprehensive resource price databases for day to day
tendering activities. Lastly, BCIS rebuilding cost data can also provide more accurate and
competitive premiums for buildings insurance.
Limitation
1) Difficulty of viewing different drawings simultaneously
The limitation of the CostOS software is it cannot compare the two different sheets of
drawings at the same time. This will be very difficult and time consuming when quantity
surveying need to in charge of the quantity take off.
16. 16
Comparison
Glodon Cost X Vico CostOS
Basic Features
Paperless estimating √ √ √ √
3D Model Visualization √ √ √ √
Editing of BIM models √ - - -
Support multiple image
and file format
√ √ √ √
Auto-Revisioning √ √ - -
Quantity Take Off
Automatic quantity take-
off
√ √ √ √
Auto update quantity √ √ √ -
4D & 5D Estimating - - √ -
Bills of Quantities /
Workbook
√ √ - -
Certificate
IFC2x3 Coordination
View V2.0
√ - - -
17. 17
Recommendation
While BIM software production is emerging in the industry in the recent years, all software
has its own unique functions and limitations. By justifying from the comparison in the
previous page, Glodon is the recommended software to be adopted.
Viewing from the aspect of basic features of a BIM software, Glodon has it all. It provides
paperless estimating, which changes the conventional way of doing taking off and estimating
using piles of papers. Furthermore, it supports multiple image and file format, which include
IFC, DWG and PDF. Other than that, Glodon also enables auto-revisioning. Its unique
Reversely Check helps to trace the origin of quantities in BIM models, making it easy to
check and modify quantities. Above all, it does not only have 3D model visualization, but
also the only takeoff software in the world currently that enables the editing of BIM models.
This one of its kind function is really essential as it helps to deal with variations quickly by
only adjusting model information and performing calculation again.
Judging from its quantity take off functions, Glodon is able to do automatic quantity take-off,
auto updating quantity and directly transfers the quantity to Bills of Quantities. Glodon
Tender Series for Bill of Quantities able to identify paper BQ and link summary pages with
BQ item pages automatically to prepare e-tender efficiently. It also supports filtering BQ by
description, type, unit, etc., to help price or subcontract items. Despite the fact that Glodon
still incapable of 5D estimating, Glodon BIM 5D helps in project management. The BIM 5D
platform includes model data maintenance, model quantity analysis, workspace definition,
task model view, progress view, collision checking view, association model list, analysis
module change and subcontracts details, which is considered as a professional tool in the
industry.
By September 15th, 2015, Glodon Takeoff for Architecture and Structure (TAS) has become
one of the few BIM applications to officially obtained both IFC2x3 Coordination View 2.0
Export Certificate and IFC2x3 Coordination View 2.0 Import Certificate of buildingSMART.
The above reasons show that Glodon is the most recommended software to be adopted.
Regardless, we should find the software which we find the most comfortable and suitable
with, be opened to various technologies and not restricted to the conventional way of doing
things.
19. 19
BIM
Preparation/ Briefing Stage
Benefits
1) Able to assess site planning/ analysis more easily
During the preparation stage, contractor can use BIM-based site planning to understand job
site constraints and a visual aid to communicate with the client. Once the site plan model is
developed, the main contractor could communicate the site plan to his sub-contractors and
workers using the 3D walk-through or renderings and the 4D simulations or animation videos.
2) Offer better visualization to ease the production of conceptual estimates and the function
to automate the generation of quantities and measurements directly from a BIM model
A BIM model contains 3D objects with geometrical information, and hence it is easier to
capture the quantities of the objects, the volumes and areas can be automatically and
instantly extracted. Quantities extracted then form the basis of an accurate cost estimate,
after linking and mapping them with the quantity surveyor’s internal built-in or external cost
database.
3) Using 3D model visualization tools to ensure better communication between different
stakeholders
Visualization provides a better understanding of what the final product may look like. Instead
of 2D drawings information is shared in the form of BIM model, which clearly communicate
the design intent to all the stakeholders that are involved in a building lifecycle.
4) 5D BIM
Using BIM in a 5D approach allows a strong vision to crystalize early in the process so each
element and detail of a build aligns with big picture goals. Thus, the entire project team
develops a clear understanding of the proposed design, assumptions and cost drivers.
20. 20
Constraints
1) Not flexible with construction cost variation
Although quantity take-off tools provide accurate reports of the components quantities, they
are not replacement for estimations. In order to produce a valuable and accurate estimate,
estimators need to asses beyond the quantities, the specific conditions of each project that
impact cost, such as unusual wall conditions, unique assembles and difficult access
conditions.
2) Limitation in calculation
For instance, in Revit, there is a weaken deduction function. For example, the deduction of a
column intersected with slab is handled confusedly. Secondly, there is a weaken finishing
handling capacity. For example, there is no calculation for skirting, wall finish, ceiling and so
on. Hence it is difficult to check the quantities of elements. This can affect the accuracy while
preparing the cost estimate.
3) High cost of software, hardware and training
When moving to BIM, it is not simply an annual software up-grade that the CAD users can
teach themselves. Building a BIM model requires the re-education of staff on how a project
is designed and documented. If the users are not properly trained, their chances of failure
are quite high.
Design Stage
Benefits
1) Improved efficiency of design procedure
BIM streamlines the design process, improving not only collaboration but the early
management and integration of expertise on the project. The application of BIM at the early
design stage greatly reduced wastage rates and design stage costs of the project whilst at
the same time accelerating progress.
2) The ability to create a detailed 3D model
BIM reduced the demand for paper drawings and their revisions. The use of BIM saw the
estimated reduction of 9,000 paper drawings in the design phase.
21. 21
3) Improved holistic communication
BIM has driven efficiencies across the whole design, contractor and supply-chain teams.
Thus, BIM has saved 15,000 hours collective man hours throughout the design development
progress. The use of BIM during the design stage especially enhances the collaborative
efforts of the team.
4) Reduced material usage
The use of BIM during the design stage enabled users and their supply chain to drive
efficiency into the structure design. BIM reduced the material requirements of the project by
8% consequently reducing the project cost and realising associated benefits such as
decreased embodied carbon.
Constraints
1) Require internal and external education to maximise efficiency and use of BIM
BIM provides the ability for every member of the team to be involved in the design and
modelling process, giving them complete control of the end product. Investment in training
for early adopters provides them a competitive edge with projects that have clearly specified
requirements to be documented utilizing BIM.
2) Required experienced team members
A dedicated BIM team member must have the knowledge to manipulate the sophisticated
model and address any changes. With such a large model and an inexperienced team
member, access to the design sometimes required two or three team members.
3) Transition from drafting to modelling
These tasks now require a higher-level skilled design drafter who has an understanding of
the project and the materials used. The costs associated with training and maintaining a
skilled design modeller are higher than a draftsman with no knowledge of the trade.
22. 22
Pre-Construction Stage
Benefits
1) Using 3D or 4D site coordination models
The planning through using BIM enhances site utilization, space coordination, and product
information. A 4D model can either include a site logistics plan or tools such as
SMARTBOARD on top of a virtual construction can be utilized to visually depict the space
utilization of the job site.
2) Better Assess in Constructability Analysis
By using BIM models, the project team can perform detailed constructability analysis to plan
sequence of operations at the jobsite. During modelling BIM model, the modeler can utilize
the clash detection function to find out the potential conflicts. The system will create the
clash detection report and then engineers can check these found potential conflicts and to
eliminate them.
3) 5D Cost Estimating
From building information models, the contractors can perform fairly accurate quantity
survey and prepare detailed estimates during the tender preparation stage. The estimators
are able to gain the required information quickly, which improves overall production.
Constraints
1)Time Consideration
BIM enhances the use of “design to build” and “build to design” concepts. The visualization,
fabrication, coordination, and construction planning were carefully studied. Due to the time
consideration of the project, extra attention to use of cost estimation, construction monitoring
and so on could not be given. Hence, further studies in these subjects are necessary.
2) Electronic Data Transfer – Data Sharing
Engineers and architects are reluctant to providing digital data to suppliers and contractors
because the data can be modified. A/E (Architecture and Engineering) want to protect their
data and work for liability and copyright purposes so “PDF” files are used. BIM gives access
of the model to suppliers for doing takeoffs.
23. 23
Construction Stage
Benefits
1) BIM in Prefabrication
Building Information Models provide this level accuracy by including the specifications,
sequence, finishes, and the 3D visual for each component. Furthermore, it is used to virtually
coordinate the location and routing of the products. Based on this information, the products
can be detailed using the fabrication software.
2) GPS Technology in the field
BIM is progressing from the office environment into the field. Contractors are starting to use
various applications to automate and use computers to control process, mitigate risk and
human error.
3) Laser Scanning
Laser scanning technologies can help capture as-built construction and assist the project
teams and renovation project. Laser scanning has a direct benefit of reducing time and
providing more accurate information.
4) Machine Guided Technologies
Trimble GPS units can be installed on the blade of earth-moving equipment, and linked to
the satellite to convey its geospatial position, including the unit’s coordinates, blade pitch and
angle. These measurements then can communicate with a three-dimensional BIM model,
which can automate the adjustments needed to control the work being done by that machine.
Constraints
1) Time Consuming
For a particular project, BIM based schedule included 32 main activities and 270 subtasks
which consisted of use of 160 building elements. Overall, the schedule updating can be
costly and time consuming and the construction manager must make a decision on the value
of the BIM based scheduling based on the needs of the project.
24. 24
2) Disruptive
Although one of the advantages of using a BIM model is that changes can be made quickly,
BIM can disrupt the general procurement and construction process when ordering items that
require a long lead-time.
Post-Construction/ Completion Stage
Benefits
1) Easy access into Facility Management Operations
The fundamental benefit of a BIM model is that it provides information about a building and
its spaces, systems and components. The overall goal is to transfer these data into facility
management operations. In this manner information about building systems and equipment
can be accessed by simply clicking on an object in a BIM model.
2) Record Model
Construction Managers can provide a record Building Information Model to the owner at the
end of a project. The model includes the integration of the as-builts from the subcontractors.
Furthermore, each object property in the model can also include links to submittals,
operations and maintenance, and warranty information. Centralized database can help the
facilities department to find information easier.
Constraints
1) Challenging
The interoperability of the record model with various applications could potentially be a
challenge. Furthermore, the owner needs to be willing to allocate funding to train employees,
update and maintain the record Building Information Model.
2) Absence of cooperation amongst the project stakeholders for model utilization and
modelling
The contractors and designers do not know or familiar about the documents and other
information required for the phase of facility management. Also, lack of operational
knowledge and experience of these existing buildings has a huge setback for designing the
phase for consideration accounting to.
25. 25
Manual Measurement
PREPARATION / BRIEFING STAGE
BENEFITS
1) Cost Effective
Manual measurement is very cost effective as BIM and CAD measurement need to be
purchased while manual measurement would only cost mainly on the printing. Furthermore,
some of the firms are still utilising manual measurement.
2) No Training Is Required
Every fresh graduate is exposed to manual measurement. While BIM and CAD
measurement required trained skill so that QS could use it in a proper way. Therefore, firms
which are using software might have to spend extra expenses in order to send those fresh
graduates for a training programme so that they could comprehend the usage of the
software.
CONSTRAINTS
1) Cost Plan
At the preparation stage, QS might need to advise the client on the budgets and variations of
the particular project. Nevertheless, QS may require cost dare to create the cost plan. This
wouldn’t be a problem for experienced QS as they are experts based on their past
experience projects while young QS such as fresh graduates who are lack of real life
experiences might not be able to create a proper cost pan.
DESIGN STAGE
CONSTRAINTS
1) Human Errors
At this stage, variations might happen often as the design of the building might change due
to the requirement of client and thus, QS might need to make changes in the taking-off and
measure again according to architect’s new drawing. It goes without saying that this rapid
changes might cause QS to commit human errors such as miscalculating as they are
rushing to complete the cost estimates requested by the client.
26. 26
2) Time consuming
Manual measurement is practiced by using measurement tools such as scale rule and
calculator. This in turn will cause a lot of extra time as man power has limits and comparing
to programmed software, manual measurement will take extra time.
PRE-CONSTRUCTION
BENEFITS
1) Safer Way
Manual measurement has no obstruction such as power failure. QS cAN carry on their work
even if power down or computer system clashed as manual measurement are totally based
on paper works.
CONSTRAINTS
1) Human Errors
Coming to Pre-Construction stage, everything will be more complex and complicated as
there would be plenty of detailed drawing in a certain projects. In the same meaning, the
amount of elements to be taken off would be in huge numbers. Sometimes, human prone to
make mistakes when things go too complicated. Ultimately, a few minor mistakes or
miscalculations might lead to severe problems on the final cost.
2) Time Consuming
As mentioned on above, a whale of time is needed in order to calculate over hundred
drawings. Manual measurement has its very own limitation and thus this could cause a
longer period if there is a huge project to be calculated. This method is only suitable for small
project.
27. 27
CONSTRUCTION STAGE
BENEFITS
1) Safer And Secured
This is an important stage as contractor is mostly appointed during this stage which means
works are going to be commenced. Manual measurement will reduce the risk of information
loss as computer system might go haywire or files might not be saved properly. Thus,
manual measurement is more secured as all are hand written.
CONSTRAINTS
1) Accuracy Of Data
Software could identify errors easily compared to manual measurement as there is a
programmed system in the software. Thus, this is one of the constraints as accurate data
could provide an accurate final cost. Besides, there is a dimensioned restriction as manual
measurement doesn’t have 3D, 4D and 5D purposes like other software.
2) Time Consuming
Same as other stages, variations might occur and thus, changes have to be made. Manual
measurement consumed a lot time and indirectly, this will incur extension of time.
POST-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
As for post-construction stage, the constraint will be as same as the construction stage
which is the accuracy of data.
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CAD Measurement
Preparation Stage
Benefit
1) Better visualization of project than manual measurement
Project colleagues are more used to CAD drawings than manual drawings. Manual drawing
by hand can bring about perplexities in the group; different creators may have distinctive
style of drawings, while CAD estimation does not matter this, as it is electronic. Besides,
CAD drawing has better presentation to customers and partners, forestalling mistaken
assumptions to how the venture may look. Viewing electronic drawings can adjust its size
and determination dissimilar to manual drawing.
2) Accurate valuation through CAD drawing drafts
Quantity surveyor may experience serious difficulties from manual drafts, being uncertain in
the measurements or territories of specific segments in the undertaking. With CAD drawing
drafts, which even attract to scale, it disposes of this weakness.
Constraint
1) High Expense
There is free CAD programming, for example, QCAD, but for prominent ones, AutoCAD are
extravagant for clients. It requires additional overhauls as this could require the organization
significantly to spend more about the software. Additionally, some small companies would
spend more for large upgrades because it would require the client to adjust and overhaul
their aptitudes as this is the new knowledge for the beginners.
2) Deficiency of Material Backup
The programming does not have a backup framework. This would mean clients need to
spare their work physically keeping in mind the end goal to securely back it up. CAD
Software does not auto spare undertakings.
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Design Stage
Benefit
1) Quicken the measuring of irregular shape
In manual estimation, sporadic shape dependably must be separated into a few standard
shapes with the goal it should get the total region of the surface. In CAD estimation, QS
simply need to tap the limit of the unpredictable shape all together for the total area to be
measured.
2) Overlying of Sketches
The drawing of the past and reconsidered drawing can be covered on each other to decide
the progressions being made in this way and it helps the QS to roll out the improvements
with no trouble of looking into the past and reexamined drawing frequently.
3) Additional Overall Scope of Work
With the capability of CAD programming, QS expert firm has the ability to take up more
ventures as opposed to manual estimation. Consequently, it can help the organization to
create more money however the CAD programming might be exorbitant.
Constraints
1) “Polyline” Instrument
There will be just much less demanding of estimation for QS if the drawing is drawn utilizing
"polyline". This is because that CAD programming just permits drawing to be measured in
length rather than area of the item without the guide of "polyline" apparatus. Henceforth,
manual technique must be connected with a specific end goal to ascertain the area.
2) Changes has to be updated manually
During design phase, changes are regularly made. In this situation, QS needs to quantify
again the conformities being made furthermore overhaul again the amounts to the BQ that is
created physically. Due to its badly designed to the client, slip-ups are generally liable to
happen while redesigning the information.
3) Sketches cannot be quantified
Sketches are regularly being made by architects amid the design stage. In any case, the
mishap of CAD is that representations cannot be measured. Subsequently, manual
estimation is being utilized if the organization does not use BIM.
30. 30
Pre-construction Stage
Benefit
1) Accurateness in numbers
The measurement collected is more accurate as CAD drawings are produced in the actual
size. Thus, blunders of amounts because of use of wrong scale are impractical.
2) Data Managing
CAD software can manage effectively for certain projects. Graphic or non-graphic are in its
categories. Graphic is based to drawings of a scheme and non-graphic refers to data
basically are quantities and condition and all of it are managed systematically. This allows
the QS to refer to the data without hurdle. Using the data stored, cost analysis can be done
in this stage. If the architects decide to make changes to the design, the QS can easily
change the cost estimates.
Constraints
1) It only limits to measuring of numbers
The utilization of this CAD programming is just restricted to just measuring amounts. To
produce the Bills of Quantities, the amounts must be exchanged physically or sent out to
another programming that can create amounts.
2) Does not permit reappearance of identical object
If there are any rehashed objects in the CAD drawings, the capacity 'copy and paste' must
be utilized to empower the product to consequently quantify the quantities of the item. If this
is not held fast to, the product cannot have the capacity to catch and find the genuine
number of the same item.
Construction Stage
Benefit
1) Enhances correspondence process by means of clarity
CAD enhances communication forms. This can likewise be credited to the simpler
comprehension of the configuration and estimation. The straightforwardness and
consistency of the yield from CAD diminishes misinterpretations and instability in perusing
arranges. Since changes are simple on CAD, getting reexamined and overhauled
arrangements to the groups are simpler. 3D CAD can create different point of view
31. 31
perspectives of a structure or parts of a structure to give precise data about what is to be
fabricated, making development proficient
2) Standardization technique
CAD adjusts to industry and organization gauges, and has institutionalization of
methodology. The intuitive CAD frameworks help in institutionalization outline, drafting and
documentation strategies. This disposes of perplexities as to what methodology are to be
taken after.
Constraints
1) Measurements are limited
There might be estimation impediments for CAD. 2D drawings are measured for the unit of
estimation that require 2D outlines only, while for 3D drawings, extra endeavors are required
to ascertain estimations, for example, volume.
2) Operating expenses on site
The utilization of CAD at development destinations may struggle organization money related
administration strategies. While most organizations charge computer advantages for
undertaking overhead, CAD altogether builds robotized costs. Venture supervisors who go
for keeping their overhead low will shy away from the extra cost on the task.
Post- construction Stage
Benefit
1) Data Management
CAD software helps with organizing and managing of the data for the use of project teams
and others. It can fasten the design’s changes during the every stage and thus final account
can be done using the data available.
Constraint
1) Require personal skill
Improper utilized of squares and layers may prompts blunder amid redesigning the
adjustments in configuration.
32. 32
CONCLUSION
By and large, BIM provide a lot of benefits in a whole. This should be widely used as this
creation has eased our jobs. Providing more accuracy and higher quality of work, BIM
should be practiced in every firm.
Through this assignment, we comprehend and acknowledge that BIM provides fast, effective
and efficient quantity take-off and cost estimation. It produces reliable and accurate
quantities as well as competitive cost estimates. Besides, BIM functions as auto computation
of calculations reduces human errors. Also, it generates cost estimation reports categorized
according to areas, blocks, concrete grades, subcontractor and other relevant reports and
this increases the speed of deliverables. Improving visualisation of the elements/items for
measurement and minimise omissions. BIM enables hand over project to another party more
quickly and reduce double handling. This has indirectly enhanced communication and
collaboration amongst team members. Lastly, this improves cost database management
which reduces loss of information.
33. 33
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