Software Application Group Assignment

Group Assignment 1
BIM Software
Software Application for Quantity Surveying
(CSC60603)
Miss Lim Tze Shwan
Sr. Habizah Sheikh Ilmi
Joshua Chua Shu Min (0313572)
Cassandra Wong XinYue (0313365)
Muhammad Haziq bin Hj. Zariful (0314131)
Chan Hui Yong (0313991)
Enoch Ang Ee Nok (0318965)

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SOFTWARE APPLICATION
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GROUP MEMBER: JOSHUA CHUA SHU MIN, CASSANDRA WONG XINYUE,
ENOCH ANG EE NOK, CHAN HUI YONG, MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN HJ ZARIFUL

2

PART DESCRIPTION PAGE
A
1.0 INTRODUCTION 3
2.0 ON-SCREEN TAKEOFFF
2.1 FUNCTIONS
2.2 LIMITATIONS
4-8
3.0 INNOVAYA
3.1 FUNCTIONS
3.2 LIMITATIONS
9-12
4.0 VICO OFFICE
4.1 FUNCTIONS
4.2 LIMITATIONS
13-18
5.0 COSTX
5.1 FUNCTIONS
5.2 LIMITATIONS
19-25
6.0 NOMITECH COSTOS ESTIMATING SOFTWARE
6.1 FUNCTIONS
6.2 LIMITATIONS
26-30
7.0 COMPARISON CHART
7.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
7.2 BEST RECOMMENDATION
31-34
B
8.0 PREPARATION STAGE
8.1 QS JOB SCOPE
8.2 BENEFITS
8.3 CONSTRAINTS
35-37
9.0 DESIGN STAGE
9.1 QS JOB SCOPE
9.2 BENEFITS
9.3 CONSTRAINTS
38-40
10.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
10.1 QS JOB SCOPE
10.2 BENEFITS
10.3 CONTRAINTS
41-43
11.0 CONSTRUCTION STAGE
11.1 QS JOB SCOPE
11.1 BENEFITS
11.2 CONSTRAINTS
44-46
12.0 OTHER STAGE
12.1 HANDOVER AND CLOSE OUT
12.2 IN USE
12.3 QS JOB SCOPE
12.4 BENEFITS
12.5 CONSTRAINTS
47-48
13.0 CONCLUSION 49
REFERENCES 50-
TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART A
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a technology that provides an insight for
construction players in planning, designing, constructing and managing buildings as well
as infrastructures. The implementation of BIM in the construction industry has made a
huge influence by adding exponential value through enhanced efficiency, speed and
quality of works, at the same time reduces the associated risk, design errors in return
control the cost, providing effective construction supervision and better customer service.
Being a key player who estimate the cost, evaluate the viability, plan the cost in the
construction field, quantity surveyors should be exposed to this emerging technology,
BIM and adopts it as it offers a new paradigm, which readdress traditional methods of
quantity take-off (QTO), Bills of Quantities (BQ) preparation and cost estimating. On the
other hand, there is fear that the adoption of BIM could be a pest instead of a prey due to
devaluation of the conventional task of a quantity surveyor. (Nagalingam, Jayasena and
Ranadewa, 2014). This statement should not abstain quantity surveyors to deliberate
from two-dimensional blue prints and revolutionize into a three-dimensional prototype.
Nevertheless, quantity surveyors occasionally have dilemma in selecting the
appropriate software BIM software among the others that are available in the market as
they have their own distinguish features and limitations. For this assignment, five BIM
software has been shortlisted to be studied on. They shall be compared, evaluated and the
best will be endorsed.
The following illustrates the five types of BIM computer software to be studied in
this paper:
2.0 ON-SCREEN TAKEOFF (OST)
3.0 INNOVAYA
4.0 VICO OFFICE
5.0 COSTX

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2.0 ON-SCREEN TAKEOFF (OST)
On-Screen Takeoff (OST) is one of the products by On Center software, a company
from the United States who is involved the construction software market since 1988, releasing
Quick Bid, with OST being released in 1994. This software provides four main functions
involving electronic plans, quantity takeoff, estimating and project management.
2.1 FUNCTIONS
2.1.1 ELECTRONIC PLANS VIEWING
Figure 2.0: Hot Link between Two Drawings
Image retrieved from
http://www.oncenter.com
This software allows users to view and organize plans and takeoffs electronically.
With OST, users can quickly retrieve plans from the architect and plan room. In the event that
a contractor requires viewing a plan from an office or site, the plans can be viewed with
desktops, laptops or tablet, removing the cumbersome of flipping through drawings.
The ‘Secondary View’ feature enhances this benefit by letting users to
simultaneously view two different pages. This increases work efficiency by allowing two
separate pages to be analyzed at once. In case a second window is needed only for quick
supplemental information, users can create hot links within the main window to create a
linkage between the two drawings as shown in Figure 2.0.

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2.1.2 OVERLAPPING FEATURE
In the event when there are addendums to the drawings, the ‘overlay’ feature can help
lose time consumption on plan reviewing by overlaying an image above another image to
immediately reflect any changes to the plan. This feature allows easy modification to update
takeoffs by revealing the added and deleted items by marking them in blue and red
respectively whereas items that remain are grayed out.
2.1.3 ABILITY TO SUPPORT VARIOUS TYPES OF FILES
With the growing number of construction software, the issue of compatibility also
grows. Furthermore, with the electronic plans coming from a variety of sources from different
companies, there would surely be a question of whether programs can provide the
compatibility of file formats. While other software and programs can only open a select few
types of files, OST allows the user to open up to 20 different formats, with the most
recommended being TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) followed by PDF (Portable Document
Format).
2.1.4 ON-SCREEN QUANTITY TAKE OFF
Figure 2.0: Colour Coded Taking Off
On-Screen Takeoff provides the capability to do digital takeoff. With OST, takers-off
can measure and calculate lengths, objects, areas and volumes with precision, accuracy and a
short time span in an organized way. First is the typical group process, where repeating
elements are assigned into a ‘typical group’ and is then dropped to other repeated floors. The
second way depends only when a slight modification to the conditions of duplicated groups

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are needed, called the ‘duplicate and reassign’ feature.
Another user-friendly feature also helps to conveniently organize and double-check
the takeoff, which is the Audit trail. When the taker-off uses the software’s tool to count and
measure area, the data is updated and stored in the conditions window. The window can
simultaneously calculate and store three different quantities. For example, when measuring
area, the perimeter & volume is also stored. With the list of data stored and the coloured
Audit trail, the user can easily identify missing elements in the takeoff that went overlooked
and could have impacted the budget.
Auto Count is a tool in the program that lets users count doors, plants, columns, etc.
automatically. This can be done by setting what icon/symbol to search for, then the program
finds them through the entire floor plan through shape recognition.
2.1.5 LAYERING FEATURE
Figure 2.0: Layering Feature in OST
Layering feature enables taker-off separate the drawings into layers, to allow users to
concentrate and focus on specific scopes of work to the revealed elements, simply by
purposefully turning off other layers and conditions.
2.1.6 COMPATIBLE WITH OTHER ESTIMATING SOFTWARES
During estimating, OST cannot provide estimating, however it is possible to export
the takeoff data from OST into an estimating/pricing software or Microsoft Excel spreadsheet
with minimal error. With On Center’s current estimating/bidding program, Quick Bid,
estimators can not only export the data, but also integrate the program into OST. This allows
the takeoff to instantly be reflected in the bid calculations. As quantities are updated OST, the

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values in Quick Bid are simultaneously updated in real-time. With the combination between
OST & Quick Bid, estimators can increase efficiency, save time when bidding and save
money for the company. OST can also integrate with other construction estimating programs,
being flexible towards the estimators preference.
Users can incorporate trade specific information into the estimating process, which benefits
each project and bid proposal. The estimator can make custom information into the database,
allowing the same type of information to be used in similar future projects.
2.1.7 PROJECT MANAGEMENT
OST not only allows estimating programs to be integrated, it also allows integration
with On Center’s current Project Management program called Digital Production Control
(DPC) so users can manage and control labor and production. DPC can deliver continuous
feedback process that greatly reduces time and cost, increasing profit at the same time. Along
with Quick Bid, the combination of software allows estimators to integrate estimated labor
into digital takeoffs, providing the ability to track and manage labour productions. This can be
done by reflecting the quantity survey data from OST, with the pricing of materials and
labour cost information from Quick Bid, to illustrate the project status, visually displaying
whether the labor production has been achieved, is outperforming or is falling behind. This
would help project managers instantly identify problems, preventing overruns of the project
in the process.
2.1.8 COMMUNICATION
Communication is a vital part towards all involved parties before and during the
construction process. Drawings could change, feedback might be asked, questions, whether it
is about the site or design, would be raised. OST allows contractors to not only communicate
better and much more quicker from the jobsite with it’s ability to be viewed from a tablet PC,
it also allows them to annotate the drawings, being able to ask questions and give feedback
while clearly showing them in the drawings.
Another aspect of communication this program gives is the sharing of large files with
the Project Express feature. This feature allows users to securely send large files to another
user and exceed typical e-mail limitations up to 100MB size of takeoff and project files
without any additional cost.

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2.2 LIMITATIONS
2.2.1 3D VIEWING
3D model visualization and takeoff is a norm in the construction software market, as
it could greatly help users visualize and understand the elements of the takeoff, rather than
measuring from plan and sectional view. In OST, it does not provide this service.
2.2.2 AUTO UPDATING OF QUANTITY
With the 3D visualization, it allows the software to automatically update quantities of the
project in real time when there are changes by simply painting the 3D elements, and then the
program algorithm scans the 3D model to automatically create elements. Since OST does not
even have 3D visualization in the first place, users would have to manually update quantity
takeoff and adjust it to company standards.
2.2.3 UNABLE TO ESTIMATE
While OST allows integration of estimating software, it would require extra payment.
Some takeoff programs such as Vico Office, provides an estimating feature. For instance,
OST users would not have compatible estimating or labor tracking software and not be able to
compare prices and track target cost.
2.2.4 REPORT TOOLS
Some BIM software, such as CostX, is able to generate reports with the click of a button
whereas OST could not.
2.2.5 OPERATING SYSTEM
Another aspect the program lacks is the system of the software. The memory is only 1GB,
whereas other software considers 2GB to be their minimum but not recommended memory
space. The monitor resolution, which would affect the resolution of the drawings, compared
to most software, would be the lowest at 800x600 at minimum. Furthermore, the video card,
which is used to greatly improve graphics of the program; is omitted, while all other software,
integrate them. In its time, being released in 1994, this would be considered a good system,
but with more programs improving them to give convenience to users, OST is falling behind.

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3.0 INNOVAYA
Innovaya Software which is based in Oregon, USA was established in the year 2006
after it has been selected by Sage Software as a strategic partner. This partnership between
Innovaya and Sage is a foundation for both software to further collaborate on developing new
software solution. Since then, Innovaya has won lots of awards and one of them is winning
the ‘Top Commercial Products Award’ in 2013 by Constructech. This software offers a wide
range of software products that serves multiple functions. A few software products that
Innovaya offers are ‘Innovaya Visual Quantity Takeoff’, ‘Innovaya Visual Estimating’,
‘Innovaya Visual 4D Simulation’ and more. Innovaya is also compatible with other software
such as Autodesk Revit, AutoCAD Architecture/MEP and Tekla Structure.
3.1 FUNCTIONS
3.1.1 SHARING INFORMATION
Innovaya is not entirely only about integrating design and cost estimating, it also
provides essential functions such as Markup and E-mailing. Innovaya allows the user to
directly comment onto a snapshot of the 3D design and send it as a picture, via e-mail, to
project members for better discussion.
3.1.2 TAKING OFF
Figure 3.0: Different Colour Coding and Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet
http://www.innovaya.com
Innovaya Visual QTO offers two method of doing taking off using the software;
automatic quantity generation and drag and drop quantity generation. For automatic quantity
generation, a complete quantity from a design model can be automatically generated and it

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only takes a few seconds to complete an entire building model. For drag and drop quantity
generation, the user can select any section of a building, view the objects in 3D, and drag and
drop it into the quantity generation window. This process can usually increase the
productivity of quantity takeoff.
Managing the object quantities is now easier because they are sorted into their respective
folder, which can also be separated into building sections or components types. Innovaya
Visual QTO also assures that each quantity groups are assigned to have a different color code
for its 3D objects, so that objects with quantities are easier to identify.
With Intelligent Change Movement that Innovaya’s Visual QTO has, quantities are
automatically linked with the objects, the quantities will not change if a design is changed.
The software will then show the object that has been changed, new objects that have been
added and also the deleted objects in different colors.
After all have been done, in just a single click, the quantities can be exported as reports in
Microsoft Excel. The color codes are shown in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to help
identify which objects are used to generate the amounts in the columns.
3.1.3 INTERACTIVE 3D VISUALIZATION
Figure 3.1: Interactive 3D visualization and dynamic visibility controls for 3D objects
One of the features that Innovaya has to offer is its intelligent 3D functions for
visualization, communication and project coordination. The 3D user interface controls

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allows the operator to do a real time walk through and also to examine the objects
meticulously and to very precise.
Since the 3D illustration is in a walled structure, it is difficult to look at the details of
all the components in the model. Hence, Innovaya introduces the function ‘Dynamic
Visibility Controls for 3D Objects’. The visibility and transparency of the object can be
customized by components type or by building section for better vision.
3.1.3 ESTIMATING
Figure 3.1: Innovaya Visual Estimating
With the automatic quantity extraction that Innovaya Visual Estimating has, the quantities
of the object are directly extracted based on their types and dimension from a design model in
a short period of time. The quantities extracted are reusable and easily modified. With its
intelligent item takeoff, the user can takeoff an object or item into Timberline or MC2-1CE
estimate. Visual Estimating has also created an exclusive feature that enables the system to
remember which quantities were dragged to which table. With this feature, the estimating can
be done in a few seconds.

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Another feature that Innovaya Visual Estimating provides is to estimate the entire building
model automatically. With its automatic estimation, projects could be estimated in a short
period of time with this intelligent feature.
3.1.4 4D SIMULATION
Another program software that Innovaya provides is the Innovaya Visual 4D
Stimulation. With this feature, project coordination is improved because of its ability to link
3D design in DWG and to show projects in 4D. In addition to that, owners, designers and
builders are able to see how projects are built and understand the schedule quickly and see
results of changes.
3.2 LIMITATION
3.2.1 UNABLE TO GENERATE WORKBOOKS
Software such as CostX can create workbook after completing the measurements.
While for Innovaya, the user has to export the quantities to Microsoft Excel which can be
troublesome. During the exporting, some quantities might have been mixed up or left out
during the transferring process. Thus, this is one service that Innovaya does not provide.
3.2.2 COST COMPARISON FUNCTION
Some software such as Vico Office, are able to compare the price of subcontractor
and compare the actual cost with the targeted cost which Innovaya cannot do. Hence, this is
one of the limitation that Innovaya that cannot do.
3.2.3 ABILITY TO COMPARE DRAWINGS
Another limitation that Innovaya has is that the software cannot compare drawings
and models. Thus, the user has to view the two drawings separately in a different page
simultaneously. Other than that, the user needs to overlap the drawings to identify changes
made during designing. Layering of drawings also is not made available using this software.

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4.0 VICO OFFICE
Vico Software, Inc. is a company that was established in the year 2007 and Trimble
Navigation acquires it in the year 2012. Vico Software Inc develops Vico Office, the award
winning software. Vico Office Suite is a management software which accommodate 2D, 3D, 4D,
5D BIM. Vico Office is a software that contains many sub programs to aid and assists in
coordination, quantity taking off, cost estimation, project scheduling, and production control.
4.1 FUNCTIONS
4.1.1 2D TO 3D CHANGE MANAGEMENT
Figure 4.0: Vico Document Controller
http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/2d-3d-changemanagement/
vico-office-document-controller/tabid/314922/Default.aspx
Vico Office Suite is able to changes 2D drawings to 3D models by using the Vico
Document Controller. This Vico Document Controller is able to compares and identifies the
changes,deletion and/or additions of 2D and 3D versions. It is able to compare the coordinated
3D model to 2D contract documents for final checking.
4.1.2 3D BIM FOR VISUALIZATION
Vico Office Suite works with popular BIM authoring tools. For example: Graphisoft,
ArchiCAD, Autodesk Revit, Tekla Structure. It can also accommodate AutoCAD Architecture
and AutoCAD MEP. Additional importers exists in Vico Office Suite for the use of Google
SketchUp, CAD Duct, 3D DWG and IFC files.

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4.1.3 3D BIM FOR CLASH DETECTION
Figure 4.1: Vico Constructability Manager
http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-constructabilitymanager/
tabid/89285/Default.aspx
There is a feature known as Vico Constructability Manager that is able to detect
clashes in the drawings and the models. Not only that, Vico Constructability Manager can
coordinate resolution. It can also identify the issues of construction during the planning/
conceptual stage before the project constructed. Thus, a plan or solution can produce to
overcome the issues presented.
4.1.4 3D BIM FOR LAYOUT MANAGER
Figure 4.2: Coordination features of Vico Layout Manager
http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-layoutmanager/
tabid/308341/
Vico Layout Manager is added as a additional features for Vico Office Suite. This

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feature is able to identify the virtual model critical points to match the jobsite physical points. In
other words, this Vico Layout Manager is able to map out and match the virtual model to the
actual jobsite. Thus, it eliminates reworking which is costly.
4.1.5 3D BIM FOR QUANTITY TAKE OFF
Figure 4.3: Vico Takeoff Manager
http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-quantity-takeoffmanager/
tabid/85287/Default.aspx
Vico Office Suite also offers Vico Takeoff Manager. It can derive construction-caliber
quantities by location from BIM models; these quantities by location power more accurate
schedules and estimates. An algorithm for geometry analysis enables the scan of 3D model and
produces taking off items automatically with quantities for cost and schedule planning.
4.1.6 4D BIM FOR SCHEDULING AND PRODUCTION CONTROL
Figure 4.4: Assemblies and components in spreadsheet view.
http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-lbs-manager-
locationbreakdown/tabid/219732/Default.aspx

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This function needs the collaboration of a few features in the software, which is Vico
LBS Manager, Vico Schedule Planner, Vico Production Planner, Vico 4D Manager. Vico LBS
Manager enables the better organization of the project. It enables location-based planning and
management to ensure a smooth flow of the construction process without interference. In other
words, all trades are scheduled to optimize location to produce a sequence and continuous
workflow of the project. Location-based planning and management is used to ensure a smooth
flow of the construction process without interference. It yields quantities by location to be used
in scheduling and procurement.
Figure 4.5: Vico Flowline View
(manage task buffer, visually identify conflicts and communicate complete schedules)
http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-scheduleplanner/tabid/225519/
This Vico Schedule Planner produce construction schedules using BIM model element and
associate with task, material, labour that are optimized by location. This Schedule Planner works
or coordinated with taking off information of Vico Takeoff Manager, resources quantities from
Vico Cost Planner, project locations information from Vico LBS Manager to produce an efficient
schedule.
Figure 4.6: Control chart
(review project status and generation of forecasting based on actual construction progress)
http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-productioncontroller/tabid/225520/Default.aspx
Vico Production Controller is mostly used during construction phase. It manages on-site
production. Vico Production Controller can identify schedule glitches and analyze impact of the

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glitch to the project. It gives near real time production enabling for forecasting schedule to solve
problems with enough time to implement correction. Vico Production Controller has forecasting
tools that analyse the schedule to current construction progress.
Figure 4.7: Vico 4D Manger Stimulation
http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-4dmanager/tabid/220879/
Vico 4D Manager has 4D simulation presentation tool that creates a 3D visualization of the
project timeline for the construction team. It is equip with tolls to define and stimulate 4D
simulations for communication and analyse the schedule that was produced by using Vico
Schedule Planner.
4.1.7 5D BIM FOR ESTIMATING
Figure 4.8: Vico Cost Planner & Vico Cost Explorer
www.vicosoftware.com
For estimating, there is Vico Cost Planner for cost calculation, estimating and
valuing. It is a model-based cost estimate. Vico Cost Planner collaborates with Vico Takeoff
Manager to produce an estimate faster. Vico Cost Planner includes a library Manager, which
stores the historical cost data of the company and used it in estimating. Not only that, Vico
Cost Planner keeps the project budget in line by assisting decision with the estimate.

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Vico Cost Explorer is a model-based budgeting application. It has a visual
monitoring system to enable the project team to visually understand the aspect of the project
that causes cost change. It also provides feedback on the status of the project. The visualizing
tool enables the identification of the differences of target cost and actual cost visually and
tracks the issues presented that causes cost change.
4.1.8 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT REPORTING
Figure 4.9: Vico Office Client
http://www.vicosoftware.com/products/vico-office-client/tabid/85664/
This function requires Vico Office Client, which is the foundation of Vico Office
Suite. Vico Office Client performs and manages models and stores information on the
geometry, element and properties in the Vico Office Client database. This Vico Office Client
has an inline reporting engine pulls information from all departments to deliver
constructability reports, cost- and resource-loaded schedules, proposed design changes, cost
estimates, cash flow reports, and other customizable reports
4.2 LIMITATIONS
4.2.1 OPERATES ONE FILE AT A TIME
American Society for Engineering Education states that by using Vico Constructor,
all architectural, structural, and MEP elements were modeled. By using this modeling
method, only one model file can be operated at one time. Therefore, It takes a longer time to
complete the same 3D model comparing to Revit.

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5.0 COSTX
CostX, a costing product by Exactal was first released by Exactal Technologies Pty
Ltd. in July 2004. This prestigious on-screen measurement and estimating software enables
quantity surveyors to take-off quantities precisely and speedily from 2D drawings and the
general functions of CostX also comprise of generating automatic quantities from 3D models
as well as coupling with a costing library which permits an instant cost figure and
recalculation when variations are being made.
5.1 FUNCTIONS

5.1.1 ABILITY TO SUPPORT VARIOUS TYPES OF FILES AND 3D MODEL/BIM
Extraction of data and measurement from scanned, PDF or CAD drawings can be
done by users using CostX without the trouble of running CAD software and amending
likewise altering of the files. Not only that, it also supports various drawing file formats such
as, SKP, SWG, DWF, DGN and IFC. This allows quantity surveyors to extract quantities and
measure through existing project drawings since it is compatible with any industry standard
drawings including Revit support.
5.1.2 2D TAKE OFF & 3D/BIM TAKE OFF
Figure 5.1: 2D Take Off and 3D Take Off
http://techweb.exactal.com/documentation/
With CostX 3D graphics ability to read parametric BIM models, it automatically
allows extraction of object properties and linked quantities. Besides that, quantities can be

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acquired by on-screen measurement from 2D or 3D drawings and importing dimensional
information from BIM data model. QS has the potential to apprehend dimensions and
quantities precisely with ease due to the advanced graphic engine incorporated in the software
itself, which enables all objects in the model to be viewed easily, hidden or isolated. The
database information from 3D model view and 2D plans, sections and elevations can be
utilize by QS to initiate quantities mechanically and improve on the database quantities with
additional measurement of 2D or 3D drawing sheets. This is only possible if the design of the
building is compatible with Revit.
5.1.3 3D PROJECTION
Figure 5.2: 2D Projection and “View In 3D” button
Figure 5.3: 3D Projection
Dimensions taken from a 2D drawing can be illustrated in a 3D structure with a click
of the “View in 3D button”. This helps users to visualize and understand the drawing in a
simple manner. The red boxes generally demonstrate deductions made. Altering height of
windows, doors and walls can be done without the need to create a new dimension group.

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5.1.4 POLYLINE SELECTION AND BLOCK COUNT TOOLS
Figure 5.4: Polyline Selection and Block Count Tools
A form of complex continuous outlines can be made through a sequence of lines to
combine each component together just by holding the “Ctrl” button. Furthermore, any form
geometry of polylines for instance a curve in the CAD drawings can also be measured. After
selecting the required area, click on “Enter” in order for the polyline to be measured.
CostX has the ability to count blocks in a single action if all the blocks that are
included in the drawing files are all the same and well-organized.
5.1.5 DISPLAY LAYER FILTRATION
Figure 5.5: Display Layer Filtration

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CostX uses layer to filter the display to allow better viewing to users at the same time
it also helps them to measure quicker, easier and in a convenient manner. As shown in figure
5.5, it illustrates that similar items within an element can be distributed in the same layer
whereas different building elements is normally categories in different layers. CostX also
permits colour coding and labeling for the measured items as checking can be done clearly.
5.1.6 AUTO – REVISIONING
Figure 5.6: Auto-Revisioning
One of the distinctive functions of CostX is the ability to revise drawings by
comparing contemporary drawings with the previous one and highlight the changes that is
being made. Not only that, it continues by creating an audit trail likewise revises the previous
quantities and workbooks. After that, the live-links will complete the rest by finding out the
discrepancy between the current and previous drawings and the variance total will be shown.
5.1.7 COMPARISON OF SUB-CONTRACTOR
A workbook can be produced in CostX using the Sub-contractor Comparison System
by linking reports that contain sub-contractor quotation details. Therefore, this allows QS to
make comparison of the rates and sum cost of various sub-contractors whom tendered for the
job and award the best sub-contractor based on their capabilities as well as the proposed rates.
An example of the comparison of sub-contractor figure is being illustrated at the next page.

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Figure 5.7: Comparison of Sub-Contractor
5.1.8 ECO-FRIENDLY
Construction industry has been approaching various means to keep our land
environmental friendly gradually. Therefore, CostX is impending to go-green by ensuring
reports and estimates to be viewed without any printing of paper. The whole course of
measuring and estimating is done using electronic. This process begins when the drawings are
received by email and quantities are being measured on screen. The software then generates
the estimation and report is sent by email to whom it may concern.
In addition, CostX Viewer enable CostX projects can be shared to other users mainly
the client in an easy-to-use format. These projects can be viewed by the client anytime and
anywhere without the requirement of running CAD software.
5.1.9 PRODUCTION OF REPORTS AND ESTIMATES
Figure 5.8: Estimate created by Workbook and Cost Report Sample
CostX is able to generate estimates and reports derived from the estimation with ease.
They can be viewed from the “Report” under workbook.

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5.1.10 WORKBOOK LIVE-LINKS TO DRAWINGS AND USER-DEFINED RATE
LIBRARIES
Figure 5.8: Workbook Live-Links and User-Defined Rate Libraries
In this software, cost plans, estimates, bills and tenders can be create by using the
spreadsheet-based workbook which is live-links to drawing and user-defined rate libraries.
Alteration and amendment of the geometry or geometry of the building is detected and
updated in the workbook if any modifications are being made. Henceforth, it saves the time of
doing a double job. The effect of changes and costing in the workbook can be perceived by
the QS instantaneously. The linking of the dimension and estimation is possible due to a
product engine of CostX, the remarkable, Intelligent Cost Geometry

®
technology.
The job specific price list, which is attached to the workbook, can be updated based
on the market condition in order to keep up with the trend to prevent costing errors that may
lead to bankruptcy of a company.

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5.2 LIMITATIONS
5.2.1 REBAR DETECTION
Figure 5.9: Method of measuring BRC in CostX
In CostX, the reinforcement bars that are located in the beam can be measured by
measuring the drawing sectional view. However, the main reinforcement bars of the column
could not be detected by using this software. Likewise, bents for mesh fabric reinforcement
(BRC) cannot be detected in CostX as well. Therefore, users are advised to take the length of
the BRC till the edge of the surface as shown in Figure 5.9. Thus, it may cause the BRC to be
over-measured.
5.2.2 3D PROJECTION FOR WINDOWS
Figure 5.10: Windows detection
The windows detection is a setback for party involved but mainly on the contractor QS this is
because window is being illustrated on the bottom of the ground. Thus, it hinders them to
price the rate for fixing, as they do not know the exact height allowance for the windows to be
placed. It may be placed at a high area, which will incur more cost to the contractor.

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Nomitech created CostOS Estimating Software after carefully exploring the modern
estimating needs and incorporating the experience of major European companies in the
technical field. CostOS Estimating is being deemed as one of the most advanced cost
estimating softwares available today. This software is based on the fundamental theory of cost
estimating, hence it can be easily applied in various industries including construction, oil and
gas, energy, mining, shipyards, and aerospace. In the sense of construction, this software is
also developed to be used by all the parties involved, which includes contractors, sub-
contractors, consultants, designers and quantity surveyors for cost estimating purposes.
6.1 FUNCTIONS
6.1.1 USER INTERFACE
The graphical user interface has common procedures such as sorting, indexing, searching,
filtering, grouping and organizing resource data. Older estimates can be reused to prepare
new ones with CostOS’s user interface. There are also ways to optimize the direct cost by
trying different cost scenarios. In addition, procedures and routines that are repetitive, tedious
and time consuming, and tasks that are almost impossible, can be executed easily and
efficiently with CostOS.
Figure 6.0: User interface of Nomitech CostOS Estimating Software
http://www.nomitech.eu/cms/c/costosestimatingsoftware.htm

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6.1.2 COST DATABASES
CostOS Estimating Software provides cost estimating and pricing for all 5 AACE
International cost estimate classes, and can be used from the conceptual till the final tendering
stages. The AACE International cost estimate classifications are as follows:
Estimate Class Purpose
Class 5 Screening or feasibility
Class 4 Concept study
Class 3 Budget, authorization or control
Class 2 Control or tender
Class 1 Check estimate or tender
CostOS has access to a library of resource cost databases. This integration with
online databases is provided on a subscription basis. The major databases on CostOS are as
follows:
• Richardson or Cost Data On Line Process Plant Database:
- A database for estimating oil and gas, and energy projects.
- Has access to the resource entries of equipment, material, subcontractor and labor rates
databases to produce their own assemblies.
• RSMeans Databases:
- The most well-known cost database for the construction industry.
- Has access to databases on Heavy Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Facility Installations,
Green Building Technologies, Residential (US), Remodelling & Renovation (US),
Interior (US), Lite Commercial (US).
6.1.3 BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING - ESTIMATING DIRECTLY ON 3D
MODELS
CostOS provides Building Information Modelling. This means estimating
directly on 3D models can be achieved. It has an embedded 3D viewer that allows
users to navigate easily through it and autoselect the appropriate entities. The quantity
takeoff for architectural, structural, mechanical, HVAC, electrical and others can be
executed accurately and immediately. On top of that, users can create Bill of
Quantities directly on the 3D model and see how it is built up while the estimate

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progresses in real time. Also, users have access to both the local/server cost databases
and the online commercial databases to find cost data that match the selected entities
and directly assign the data to the model. CostOS supports all major designing
systems like ArchiCAD, AllPlan, Autodesk REVIT, DDS and others. Nomitech
CostOS does provide 5D BIM services for cost estimating and tendering.
Figure 6.0: BIM Estimating
http://www.nomitech.eu/cms/c/costosestimatingsoftware.html
6.1.3 INTEGRATION WITH OTHER SOFTWARE
CostOS is compatible with other software such as Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word,
Oracle Primavera P6, and On-Screen TakeOff. Users can import and export cost data in the
database from Microsoft Excel. Bills of Quantity items can be imported from Microsoft
Excel. Users also can export the estimates into Microsoft Project and synchronize all of the
resources with Primavera P6 to easily prepare tenders. The software reports can be exported
to PDF files or Microsoft Word or Excel files, password protected or not.
6.1.4 TEAM WORKING
Figure 6.0: The Export of the BQ to MS Excel includes Excel Groupings
http://www.nomitech.eu/cms/c/costosestimatingsoftware.html

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CostOS encompasses collaboration and team working in its feature. This means that it
allows users and offices in different location to access into a centralized database created for a
company. Up to 300 users to collaborate and work together on the same platform and share
information on a real time basis.
6.1.5 ON-SCREEN TAKEOFF ESTIMATING FOR QUANTITY SURVEYING
CostOS supports QS with On-Screen TakeOff. Users can connect to On-Screen
TakeOff to calculate quantities from PDF or DWG drawings. This feature greatly increases
estimating speed, and most importantly avoids making costly mistakes. Taking off can be
carried out on 2D and 3D drawings, BIM or GIS maps for this purpose. In addition, users can
assign as many Takeoff Conditions to one Bill of Quantity item, apply factors on them and
select which unit of measurement. There is also synchronization between quantity takeoff and
cost estimation, updated in real time.
6.1.7 COST STATISTICS
CostOS provides cost statistics and cost model. The software can extract statistical
data such as cost per square meter for basement or superstructure, cost per linear meter for
pipes, and others. Users can create cost models and access it from the user interface. All of
these can lead to a shorter duration in creating estimates.

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6.2 LIMITATION
6.2.1 CANNOT COMPARE DRAWINGS
Nomitech CostOS Estimating Software does not allow comparison of two different
drawings at the same time. This will greatly inconvenience the estimator in charge of the
quantity takeoff. Softwares such as CostX allows users to compare drawings that are of
different designs for the same element for comparison purposes. As such, the estimator has to
manually compare drawings on two separate sheets. This can be a little bit time consuming.
6.2.2 COST DOES NOT UPDATE AUTOMATICALLY
Furthermore, CostOS does not automatically update the cost data when there is an
amendment of the drawings by architects, engineers or client on this software. In comparison
with CostX, CostX is able to change its cost when there are changes to their drawings, and it
is more convenient as it saves time for the estimator to not recalculate or update the cost
again. In CostOS’s case, the estimator has to be well versed and familiar with the changes
being made to the drawings to be able to update its cost, hence greater care and effort has to
be put in for it to be accurate.

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7.0 COMPARISON CHART

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Table 1.0: Comparison Chart of BIM Software

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7.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Table 2.0: System Requirements for Selected BIM Software

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7.2 BEST RECOMMENDATION
The best BIM software does not necessarily mean having the most features, but rather
having the appropriate features fitting for your job, and in this case, quantity surveying. After
a detailed analysis and comparison of information of all softwares in the table, we have
decided to rate Nomitech CostOS Estimating Software as the best BIM software for
quantity surveying, and therefore our final recommendation. Such decision can be attributed
to the company reputation, Nomitech, as their founders are engineers with many years of real
life industry experience. They have developed a practical, comprehensive, innovative and
state-of-the-art cost estimating software that is being used by many estimators today.
There are a few standout features for Nomitech CostOS in comparison with other
softwares. A subscription of CostOS will allow users to have complete access to centralized
online resource databases, cost data and statistics. Users can create cost models. These
functions are advantageous and convenient for users in creating estimates. Moreover, the
integrated software, Oracle Primavera P6 helps contractor quantity surveyors in project cost
control and project activities scheduling. On the other hand, its integration with another
software as discussed previously, On-Screen Takeoff, aids users in the quantity takeoff
process. In addition, a unique feature of CostOS enables users to do taking off on a map
instead of a plan drawing. All of these standout features aforementioned are unique to
Nomitech CostOS, thus greatly improving the software’s competitive edge in the market.
Apart from its standout features, there are other benefits to Nomitech CostOS as well.
The quantity takeoff of a project, be it architecture, structural, mechanical, electrical or others,
can be massively accelerated with high accuracy and efficiency. Users can create Bill of
Quantities directly on your 3D model and see how it is built up while the estimate progresses.
CostOS supports all major designing systems as it works with open standards and will
provide users with the visualization of the model. Working with CostOS and its embedded 3D
technology simplifies and quickens the estimating process. Apart from this, it also provides
5D BIM services for cost estimating and tendering. Finally, it allows design optimization and
quick identification of most appropriate materials and construction methods.

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8.0 PREPERATION/ BRIEFING STAGE
During the preparation stage, the consultant works closely with the client, identifying
client’s requirements and the possible limitations to develop the proposed project. The
consultant would recommend the procurement method of the project after assessing the
possible options. Deciding on the procurement method is an important decision that requires
careful thinking, as it would affect contractual connections, responsibilities and risks towards
the project’s client, consultants and contractors.
8.1 QS JOB SCOPE IN PREPARATION STAGE
In this stage, QS has to prepare feasibility studies, roughly estimating what is
involved in the project, based on the measurement of conceptual or preliminary drawings by
client or architect. Preliminary cost estimates has to be produced as well based on preliminary
drawings With the preliminary cost estimate, the cost plan can be prepared; where the QS
would help the design team stay within the budget using practical solutions. QS also prepare a
budget for the client based on total capital cost expenditure, offering the best and conservative
solutions to ensure affordability of the project and recommend the preferred procurement
method.

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8.2 BENEFITS IN PREPERATION/ BRIEFING STAGE
Building Information Modelling
( BIM )
CAD Measurement Manual Measurement
Assess project feasibility more
easily
• BIM is used as a strategic
business tool to estimate
possible economic incentives.
• It also helps to evaluate
building’s performance
according to regulations
regarding constructability and
functionality.
• Surveyors can create a terrain
model for higher accuracy of
site conditions; which allows
project team to review
viability of construction and
prevent possible problems and
overruns.
Better visualization of project
through 3D model
• The visualization itself can
help contractors and suppliers
understand the rough idea of
the project, which can help
give them a head start to
prepare the needed materials.
• Clients who may not
understand CAD drawings or
are not involved in the
construction industry can
visualize it better
Eliminates diversions of
project team
• All project members obtain
the same 3D model, assessing
the same requirement,
procedure and outcome of the
project, which means all
members can aim and focus at
the same direction of attaining
the best result
Better visualization of project
than manual measurement
• Manual drawing by hand can
cause confusions in the team;
different designers may have
different style of drawings,
whereas CAD measurement
does not apply this, as it is
electronic.
• Project team members are
more used to CAD drawings
than manual drawings
• Better presentation to clients
& stakeholders, preventing
misunderstandings to how the
project may look.
• Viewing electronic drawings
can alter its size and
resolution unlike manual
drawing
More accurate estimation
through CAD drawing drafts
• QS may have a hard time
estimating from manual
drafts, being unsure in the
dimensions or areas of certain
components in the project.
With CAD drawing drafts,
which even draw to scale, it
eliminates this
inconvenience.
**The benefits for Manual
Measurement are the same
for all stages of construction.
Cost Effective
• Manual measurement is the
cheapest method when
compared to the other two
measurements as the cost is
mainly on the printing of the
document whereas BIM and
CAD software is costly to
purchase due to its
convenience to the QS.
No Training Required
• Fresh graduate QS are mostly
exposed to manual
measurement, as it is a core
element for all QS compared
to CAD and BIM software.
Therefore, firms who are
using software have to send
fresh graduates for a training
programme, which may incur
them extra cost in order to for
them to be familiarize with
the capability of the software.
• Since standard method of
measuring is done manually
during their tertiary
education, hence they are all
ready to take on the taking
off duties.

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8.3 CONSTRAINTS IN PREPERATION/ BRIEFING STAGE
( BIM )
High investment in cost, time
and training
• The cost of the software itself
is expensive, new companies
may not have enough capital
to implement it.
• The need for training, which
incurs cost, can give time
constraints to the company’s
projects
Not flexible with construction
cost variations
• BIM estimates the total
expected construction cost by
providing the cost-to-complete
of a project, however, it does
not count price variations that
might occur.
• Unforeseeable variations such
as gas prices, delivery delays,
wastage or weather that would
affect manufacturer’s or
contractor’s work
Expense on Software
• While some CAD software
such as QCAD or OpenSCAD
are free, popular ones such as
AutoCAD are high priced for
users.
• Additional upgrades, which
could benefit the company
even more, incur more cost.
• Large updates would require
the user to adapt and update
their skills
Lack of Information Backup
• The software does not have a
backup system.
• This would mean users needs
to save their work manually in
order to safely back it up.
• CAD Software does not auto
save projects.
Cost Plan
• Cost plan by the QS can
advise the client on the
budgets or needed changes
of the project. However, to
create the cost plan, the QS
may need to use cost data, a
data showing cost per m2
of
building components,
which has a few
considerations such as:
Ø Accuracy of cost data is -
/+10%.
Ø Different countries, even
different states, have
different cost data prices,
and they need to be updated
every year
Ø Cost data does not consider
unforeseeable variations
such as weather, preliminary
prices or tax
• Some quantity surveyor
experts can estimate based
on experience from past
projects, this means:
Ø Young quantity surveyors
cannot estimate as they lack
knowledge and experience

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9.0 DESIGN STAGE
Design stage is the second phase in a construction process, which involves architects
and engineers to work as a team to design and produce drawings of a building proposed by
the client. Not only that, the overall building form, components of the buildings such as the
mechanical and electrical (M&E) services and structural elements, likewise the materials of
the proposed building are taken into consideration to ensure the stability of the structure.
9.1 QS JOB SCOPE IN DESIGN STAGE
QS also play an important part in the design stage as their part normally involves cost
and also design. Normally, QS prepare bills of quantity (BQ) during this stage. However, QS
has an influence to the design because they are able to provide advice based on their
professionals to the client by comparing the cost on the selection of design and materials
proposed by the architect.

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9.2 BENEFITS IN DESIGN STAGE
( BIM )
Better Visualization of
Building
• Being able to visualize it in
3D helps the players in the
industry without design
background to picture the
complicated designs.
Ø Eg. CostX allows users to
view from a 2D dimension
to 3D dimension
Selection of Most Appropriate
Design and Specifications
• The most appropriate design
and equipment are being
selected accurately and
rapidly through the cost
comparison and operational
considerations of different
design option by using BIM
hence it allows QS to come
out with a budget that is
within the client’s demand.
Multidisciplinary
Collaboration
• The collaborative BIM tools
enables the players involved
to share the same information
and data thus it helps to
breakdown the
communication problem that
can lead to conflicts arising
between stakeholders.
Ø Eg. If there are any
changes in the design,
adjustments to the
revised drawing can be
measured by the QS
immediately.
Accelerate and ease the
measuring of irregular shape
• In manual measurement,
irregular shape always has to
be divided into a couple of
regular shapes in order for it
to get the total area of the
surface. In CAD
measurement, QS just have
to click the boundary of the
irregular shape in order for
the total area to be
quantified.
Overlapping of Drawings
• The drawing of the previous
and revised drawing can be
overlapped on each other to
determine the changes being
made therefore, it helps the
QS to make the changes
without any difficulty of
reviewing the previous and
revised drawing regularly.
Additional scope of work
• With the proficiency of
CAD software, QS
consultant firm has the
capability to take up more
projects in contrast to
manual measurement. Thus,
it can help the company to
generate more profit though
the CAD software may be
costly.
Refer to Page 36 for The
Benefits of Manual
Measurement.

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9.3 CONSTRAINTS IN DESIGN STAGE
( BIM )
Loose Security of Information
• The collaborative BIM tool
has its drawback to the BIM
system as well. The reason
for this is because there are
some firms who would also
misuse the access given to
the BIM model to
widespread decisive
information and data of the
project to a third party. In
this circumstance,
responsibility in ensuring
and securing the data in the
BIM Model has to be shared
among QS as well.
Unfamiliarity with BIM
• Since BIM has recently been
adopt in Malaysia.
Henceforth, there is still
deficiency of knowledgeable
QS in the implementation
BIM software in our
construction industry. In this
case, time has to be allocated
for young QS to be
familiarized with it.
Additional cost may be
invested to train the adoption
of BIM.
“Polyline” Tool
• There will be only ease of
measurement for QS if the
drawing is drawn using
“polyline”. This is because
CAD software only allows
object to be measured in length
instead of area of the object
without the aid of “polyline”
tool. Hence, manual method
has to be applied in order to
calculate the area of selection.
Changes being made has to be
updated manually
• During design phase, changes
are frequently made. In this
case, QS has to remeasure the
adjustments being made and
also reupdate the quantities to
the BQ that is generated
manually. Due to its
inconvenient to the user,
mistakes are mostly likely to
happen while updating the data.
Sketches cannot be measured
• Sketches are normally being
made by architects during the
design phase. However, the
setback of CAD is that
sketches cannot be measured.
As a result, manual
measurement is being used if
the company does not utilize
BIM.
Re-measuring of work
• During this phase, the
design of the proposed
building is highly subjected
to change in order to satisfy
the need of the client.
Therefore, QS has to re-
measure the items that have
been previously measured
if there is a drastic change
made.
Prone to Human Errors
• With the constant changes
that are being made by the
architect, QS will still have
to update themselves with
the cost estimates required
by the client within days.
Hence, this will cause them
to rush and most likely
miscalculate items.
Longer Period of Time
• By doing manual
measurement means that
items have to be scaled,
multiplied, divided, added
and deducted manually
with only the help of
typical QS tools such as
calculator and scale rule.
Therefore, this will require
them more time to come
out with the Bills of
Quantities compared to the
other two methods.

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10.0 PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Pre-Construction is the planning that is done before the project starts has been
identified as the most vital part to deliver the project successfully (Laufer and Tucker 1987;
Douglas 2004). During this stage, the contracts are fulfilled, construction documents are
finalized and the budget and schedule are finalized.
10. 1 QS JOB SCOPE IN DESIGN STAGE
Quantity Surveyor is one of the professionals that are always involved in the pre-
construction stage during construction. What a QS needs to do during this stage is to prepare
bills of quantities and to assist on giving suggestion to choose the suitable contractor for the
project given. Here is a list of job description that QS has to do during the pre-construction
stage.

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10.2 BENEFITS IN PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
( BIM )
Preparation time of tender
document is reduced
• With the features BIM has
like automatic quantity
takeoff and automatic
estimation, the time needed
to complete the pricing
procedure and measurement
is shortened.
• Calculating build up rates
such as labour cost, plants
and materials cost is also
reduced because of the
feature that BIM offers.
Better Quality
• Using BIM, the system
offers quantity surveyors the
opportunity to provide better
cost estimates based on
actual elements.
• Inaccuracies of the
quantities will also be
removed using BIM.
• This software not only
reduces errors but also
improves the quality cost
ratio during this stage.
Accuracy in quantities
• By using CAD in this stage,
the measurement collected is
more accurate as CAD
drawings are produced in the
actual size.
• Thus, errors of quantities due
to usage of wrong scale are
not possible.
Data Management
• CAD software is used to
manage data of a certain
project more effectively. It
can be classified as graphic
or non-graphic. Graphic
refers to drawings of a
project and non-graphic
refers to data such as
quantities and specification
and they are grouped and
arranged systematically.
Ø This enables the
quantity surveyors to
refer to the data easily
and without much
hassle. Using the data
stored, cost analysis can
be done in this stage. If
there is any design that
needs to be changed by
the architect, the
quantity surveyor can
immediately change the
cost estimates and it can
be done in a short
period of time.
Benefits of Manual
Measurement.

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10.3 CONSTRAINTS IN PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Building Information Modeming
( BIM )
Absence of contract
requirement and submission
requirement
• In order to reflect shared
responsibilities in obtaining
information and aligning
duties, some changes are
required under the
implementation of BIM.
• Submission of building plans
in BIM format or
presentation point to some
authority is not assured hence
the disability of using BIM in
this stage.
Diverted legal responsibilities
• Although the BIM software
provides many benefits,
there are always drawbacks
in the industry and one of
them is legal concern and
practical issue.
• If there are any mistakes
caused by BIM, it will be
pushed from one party to
another because there were
no standard guidelines.
• Therefore, it is vital to take
precaution by determining
which party that is
responsible for the error
made using BIM.
Only allow measuring of
quantities
• The use of this CAD software
is only limited to only
measuring quantities. To
generate the Bills of
Quantities, the quantities have
to be transferred manually or
exported to another software
that can generate quantities.
• Hence, this requirement is
troublesome and mistakes are
prone to occur during transfer
of data.
Does not allow repetition of
same object
• If there are any repeated
objects in the CAD drawings,
the function ‘cut and paste’
must be used to enable the
software to automatically
measure the numbers of the
object.
• If this is not adhered to, the
software will not be able to
capture and locate the actual
number of the same object.
Time consuming
• If there are over a hundred
drawings in one construction
project, then it will take a
very long time for the user to
finish the measurement by
hand.
• Besides than that, the user
still needs to calculate the
elements by hand and writing
the BQ. Therefore it is not
suitable to use manual
measurement in this stage.
Human errors
• The amount of elements that
has to be taken into account
is in huge numbers. Such as
measuring the reinforcement
bar, concrete, formwork, or
slab, errors are going to
happen.
• Other than that, human error
will likely to occur if they
miss out on an element. This
will cause huge implication
on the final cost of the
project.

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11.0 CONSTRUCTION STAGE
The construction stage commences after the design of the project has been finalized
and approved with a contractor being appointed to undertake the construction of the building.
This normally covers all the works on a site including any specialist tasks which may be
carried out by various subcontractors or equipment suppliers.
11.1 QS JOB SCOPE IN CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Once the construction commences, the quantity surveyor has the responsibility of
providing cash flow data for the client so that they can allocate the necessary finances needed
for various stages of the construction. Also, the quantity surveyor can assess cost effects when
there are changes to the construction project, this can include delays and also variation orders.
Variation order is an alteration to the scope of works in a construction contract in the form of
an addition, substitution or omission from the original scope of works. Besides that, quantity
surveyors can provide a bank with a project report and also help clients by preparing draw
down certificates for money to be loaned.

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11.2 BENEFITS IN CONSTRUCTION STAGE
( BIM )
Project management
• Implementation of BIM can
eliminate issues regarding the
design of a building, budget
control and work performance.
It is capable of following up to
the actual construction status to
the model, also simulating a
virtual view of the project.
Project management is thus
easier by following up project
activities, cost and time
schedule.
Speed of construction
• BIM is capable of identifying
changes, glitches and issues in
the drawings for rectification,
as well as the detection of
design errors using clash
detection system. Such features
will reduce variation orders.
High accuracy leading to waste
reduction
• With BIM, quantities extracted
are accurate enough to come up
with a more efficient ordering
process and minimize waste as
well as storage space on-site.
On top of that, BIM is able to
produce specifications
accurately for prefabrication
(IBS), hence reducing labour
costs, time and wastes.
Improves communication
process via clarity
• CAD improves communication
processes. This can also be
attributed to the easier
understanding of the design
and measurement. The
simplicity and consistency of
the output from CAD reduces
misinterpretations and
uncertainty in reading plans.
Since changes are easy on
CAD, getting revised and
updated plans to the crews are
easier. 3D CAD can generate
various perspective views of a
structure or parts of a structure
to provide accurate
information about what is to be
built, making construction
efficient
Standardization procedure
• CAD conforms to industry and
company standards, and has
standardization of procedures.
The interactive CAD systems
help in standardization design,
drafting and documentation
procedures. This eliminates
confusions with regards to
what procedures are to be
followed.
Benefits of Manual
Measurement.

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11.3 CONSTRAINTS IN CONSTRUCTION STAGE
( BIM )
External parameters
• BIM does not take into
consideration external factors
during construction, so care
and effort has to be taken
manually. These factors
include actual price
fluctuations for construction
materials, as well as natural
disasters amongst others.
Transition from drafting to
modelling
• The transition from drafting to
modelling can be challenging,
and require skilled personnel
with in-depth understanding
of the project and the
materials used. Such
transition will also place an
increased level of
responsibility on the designer
to ensure that all system
components are coordinated
with other design
professionals such as
architecture, engineering and
quantity surveying services
and that site issues are
reduced to a minimum.
Standardization procedure
• There is also a lack of
standard form, contractual
documents and code of
practices for BIM. Because of
such unstandardized
procedures, there might be
clashes between parties
involved in the project, such
as communication
breakdown.
Limited measurements
• There may be measurement
limitations for CAD. 2D
drawings are measured for
the unit of measurement that
require 2D designs only,
while for 3D drawings,
additional efforts are
required to calculate
measurements such as
volume.
Operating expenses on site
• The use of CAD at
construction sites might
conflict company financial
management policies. While
most companies charge
computer assets to project
overhead, CAD significantly
increases automation
expenses. Project managers
who aim at keeping their
overhead low will balk at the
additional expense on the
project.
Time consuming
• During construction, if
there are any variation
orders, the project will be
put on hold and might need
to incur extension of time
as manual recalculation is
needed, and this method is
very time consuming.
Dimensional restriction
• Manual measurement
doesn’t provide the 2D, 3D,
4D or 5D services of
software.

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12.0 OTHER STAGES
Based on RIBA plan of work, after the construction phase there is the handover and
close out phase and the final phase, which is in use.
12.1 HANDOVER AND CLOSE OUT
During the handover and close out phase, the project or the building is handover back
to its owner and thus concluding the Building Contract. The main focus of this phase is the
successful handover of the finished building. Not only that, Contract between the client and
the contractor is concluded/ ended with the need of evaluating performance and providing
Feedback for future projects use. The Schedule of services must be aligned with the
procurement and handover Strategies to confirm the task/services/activities that needs carry
out. For example, updating project information. Site Visit is carry out to detect and record
defects. The contractor needs to fix the defect. Then, am Architecture's Contractor will be
issued for the retentions payment. At the end of this stage, a final account is produced and
final certificate is awarded for the completion of the building.
`12.2 IN USE
This stages states the carried out duties of Post-Occupancy Evaluation and also
reviewing Project Performance. Additional activities or services may be required based on the
contract that was concluded and accordance to the Schedule of Services. If required, the
services are provided on an "as-need" basis.
12.3 QS JOB SCOPE IN OTHER STAGE
Quantity Surveyor needs to prepare the summary of the final account draft. Quantity
surveyor need to prepare final account report and submit the final account report on
completion of the defects period.

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11.2 BENEFITS IN OTHER STAGES
( BIM )
Better management of data
• The used of Building
Information Modelling
(BIM) enable the storage of
information of the project,
such as M&E works.
Therefore, it aids the updates
of the building manual,
technical guide and health
and safety file. It also aid in
the record and archive of the
cost and schedules impacts
for future used.
Ease management and
operation
• From the date or information
recorded, the owner is able to
anticipate and manage the
building to reduced the
operation and maintenance
cost
Data Management
• CAD software helps with
organise and manage of the
data for the used of project
teams and others. It can ease
the changes of design during
the construction stages and
thus final account can be
done using the data available
Benefits of Manual
Measurement.
11.3 CONSTRAINTS IN OTHER STAGE
( BIM )
Coordination between
contractor and designers
• BIM needs the contractor
involvement in the design
stage.
Require skill personal
• Improper used of blocks and
layers may leads to error
during updating the changes
in design.
Quality and accuracy of data
• Hard copies need to work out
manually and due to human
error, the quality and the
accuracy of the data may
have error and not up to data.
Therefore my updating the
information is required.

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13.0 CONCLUSION
Throughout the whole report, we can conclude that Building Information Modeling
(BIM) opens the door of opportunities to our construction industry. Nevertheless, Malaysia is
yet to catch up with other developing countries in the adoption of BIM. Lack of awareness on
the benefits of BIM software or even reluctance to invest cost for training their staffs are the
reason why BIM implementation is slower than anticipated.
In general, it is essential to adopt the usage of BIM from the preparation phase and
ultimately all the way to the construction of the project in order to save in both cost and time.
Not only that, it also assists project stakeholders to visualize and identify several potential
building designs, construction or operational issues besides reducing wastage on site which,
consecutively, shortens the estimating time as well as improves the productivity. As good as it
may seem, there are also barriers of BIM software as well, yet the multitude of benefits of it
has not been stressed on.
To conclude our report, BIM computer software is beneficial due to its:-
• Increase understanding and predictability
• Improve efficiency
• Reduce wastage of materials
• Better quality and value
• Improve integrations and coordination on-site
In conclusion, BIM offers a wide variety of benefits to all parties in the
construction industry provided we utilize it wisely.

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REFERENCES

Software Application Group Assignment

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