This document discusses different types of sentences in English and how to transform them. The main types are assertive, negative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences. It provides examples and guidelines for converting between these types, such as transforming an imperative sentence to an interrogative by making it a polite request. Adjectives and adverbs of degree like "too" and "no sooner than" are also covered, along with converting between positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives. The overall aim is to learn how to effectively change sentences while maintaining the original meaning.

1. Sentence Transformation

2. Types of sentences
• Assertive / affirmative sentences
• Negative
• Interrogative
• Imperative [requests and commands]
• Exclamatory

3. Assertive sentences
Most of the sentences of English language are assertive sentences.
The sentence which declares or asserts:
 a Statement of fact, eg.: India is a democratic nation.
Feelings, eg.: I feel bored in this lockdown.
Opinions, eg.: In my opinion, this lockdown will change the world or good.
Incidents, eg.: Coronavirus originated in China, in a wild meat market.
Events, eg.: Our college organized a big seminar last year.
history, or anything else. Eg.: India became independent on 15.08.1947.
is called an assertive sentence.

4. Negative sentences
• It is a sentence that states something to be false.
• In English, we create negative sentences by adding the word 'not'
after the auxiliary, or helping, verb.
• In sentence transformation, we have to insert a negative (‘NO’ /
‘NOT’) word, without changing a meaning.

5. Negative sentences
Case 1: When dealing with facts, you may write a phrase like “There is
no doubt” in front of the assertive fact.
Eg.: There is no doubt that Coronavirus originated from China.
Case 2: In other situations, we can write not + antonym.
Eg.: He is kind. Negative: He is not cruel

6. Interrogative Sentences

7. Interrogative sentences
• They end with a question mark.
• Their use in sentence transformation is:
1. To make a polite request or command
Eg.: Command: Submit the document by today.
Interrogative: Could you submit the document by today?
The purpose is to soften the tone.

8. Interrogative sentences
2. To make rhetorical questions. Used in public speeches and sarcasms.
Eg.: Who doesn’t know that coronavirus spread from China?
Who wants to die a horrible death?
Note: In both the cases, the questions self-answering. They assume a
‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer already.
The question-form is just a show-off of style.

9. Imperative Sentences

10. Imperative Sentences
• These sentences deal with commands, requests and instructions and
suggestions.
• Directly starts with a verb.
• ‘YOU’ is assumed in front of the verb.
Eg.: Follow the lockdown and stay indoors. [Command]
Please donate in PM Cares Fund. [Request]
Do not use mobile phones inside ATM. [Instruction]
Let us have cheese pizza tonight. [Suggestion]

11. Conversion:
Imperative to Interrogative
Command: Stop it.
Interro: Can’t you stop it?
Command: Bring your documents to the exam hall.
Interro.: Is it a good idea not to bring documents to the exam hall?
Suggestion: You should visit a doctor.
Interro.: Is it a good idea to not visit a doctor?
Instruction: Do not use mobile phones in ATM.
Interro.: Is it a good idea to use mobile phones in ATM?
The sense is like:
As a friend, you are convincing
someone to follow the rule.
‘Is it a good idea…?’

12. Conversion:
Imperative to Interrogative
Request: Please, give me a glass of water.
Interro: Will you, please, give me a glass of water?
The sense is like being
sarcastic with over-
politeness.

13. Conversion:
Imperative to negative
Used mainly for commands and instructions.
Purpose: To double-up the tone of seriousness.
Intended result: One MUST follow the command.
Eg.: You must wear a mask.
You cannot avoid wearing a mask.
You will submit this report by evening.
You cannot avoid submitting this report by evening.

14. Exclamatory Sentences

15. Exclamatory sentences
• They express emotions.
• Can start with wh-question words. Eg.: What a match!!
WOW!! What a car!!
WOW!! WHO IS THAT?!!
• Can be just another sentence, but has emotions in it.
Eg.: SHAME on you!!
I am proud of you!!
If only I had superpowers…!!

16. Conversion Samples:
Exclamatory to Assertive
Remove emotions and make it matter-of-fact in tone.
1. Shame on you!!
It is indeed a shameful thing that you have done.
2. What a car!!
It is indeed a beautiful car.
3. If only I had superpowers..!! [expressing a wish]
I wish I had superpowers.

17. Assertive to Exclamatory
Add emotions to a factual, boring sentence.
1. Assertive: He is truly noble.
Exclamatory: How noble he is!
2.Assertive: I wish I had a magic lamp.
Exclamatory: Only if I had a magic lamp!
3. It is indeed a good idea.
Exclamatory: Wow!! It is a brilliant idea!!

18. Recap. From 1st semester:
Adjectives and Adverbs of degree

19. Sentences containing ‘Too + Adj.’/Adv.’
He is too weak to walk.
• Transformation: He is so weak that he cannot walk.
The news is too good to be true.
• The news is so good that it cannot be true.
He is too clever to be easily deceived.
• He is so clever that he cannot be deceived.

20. Changing sentences containing
‘No sooner than----had’
• No sooner than I reached the station, the train arrived.
• As soon as I reached the station, the train arrived.
• Hardly had I reached the station when the train arrived.
• Scarcely had I reached the station when the train arrived.

21. Degree adjectives: GOOD>BETTER>BEST

22. Adjectives of Degree:
Superlative, Comparative, Positive
1. Superlatives are super rich.
Can be converted to both comparative and positive degree.
Superlative: Dominos is the best pizza brand in the market.
Comparative: No pizza brand is better than Dominos in the market.
Positive degree: No pizza brand is as good as Dominos in the market

23. Adjectives of Degree:
Superlative, Comparative, Positive
2.
Comparatives- converts only to positive degree.
Eg.: 1. Safety is better than cure.
Positive degree: Cure is not as good as safety.
.2. The condition of Italy was worse than India.
Positive degree: The condition of India was not as bad as Italy.

24. Adjectives of Degree:
Superlative, Comparative, Positive
3.
Positive degree—poor person, can only afford one conversion—to
comparative.
Eg.: This is a good idea.
Comparative: Few ideas are better than this.

25. Some points to remember while doing
conversion.
Rule of opposites:
No ---- Any
So, no one is better than Modi.
Hardly any one is better than Modi. [ Assertive]
Is there any one better than Modi. [ Assertive]
Please note, the above conversions are in tone of sentence.