Clauses And Phrase

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The document discusses different types of phrases and clauses. There are three types of phrases: prepositional phrases, which begin with a preposition and modify a noun; adjectival phrases, which act as adjectives; and adverbial phrases, which act as adverbs. There are also two types of clauses: independent clauses, which can stand alone as a sentence; and dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone and contain a subordinating conjunction. The document provides examples of different types of phrases and clauses.

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Sentence Types Structural classification (Part I: Simple, Compound, Compound-Complex Sentence) Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel Jimma University CSSH Department of English Language and Literature Types of Sentences: Structural Sentences are classified in to four according to their structure i.e. the type and number of clauses it consists. 1. Simple Sentence 2. Compound Sentence 3. Complex Sentence 4. Compound-Complex Sentence 1.Simple Sentence A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought. The dog barked. The baby cried. Girma and Alemu play football every afternoon. St. George played well and won the game. Simple Sentence A simple sentence contains a subject and verb. It expresses a single complete thought. A simple sentence is a single independent clause. A simple sentence might have a compound subject and/or compound verb. Simple Sentence withCompound Subject and/or Compound Verb The simple sentence may have a compound subject: The dog and the cat howled. It may have a compound verb: The dog howled and barked. It may have a compound subject and a compound verb: The dog and the cat howled and yowled respectively. 2. Compound Sentence A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined by (1) a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so): The dog barked, and the cat yowled. (2) a semicolon: The dog barked; the cat yowled. (3) a comma, but ONLY when the simple sentences are being treated as items in a series: The dog barked, the cat yowled, and the rabbit chewed. Compound Sentence A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS). A compound sentence can also consist of two independent clauses joined by semi-colon 3. Complex Sentence A complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause. A. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page. B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error. C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.D. After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies. E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying. COMPLEX SENTENCES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES A. The woman who(m) my mom talked to sells cosmetics.B. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.C. A girl whom I know was recently accepted to Harvard University. D. The Eiffel Tower, which is located in Paris, is visited by millions of tourists annually. The underlined part is the independent clause.

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