Principles of legal drafting
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Legal documents must follow certain principles to be clear, concise and avoid errors. 1) Use active voice to make sentences short and fix responsibility. 2) Avoid lengthy phrases and use concrete words. 3) Limit use of "shall" and instead use "must" for obligations and "will" for future actions. 4) Remove redundancies which make the document sound unprofessional. 5) Proofread to avoid errors in grammar, spelling or punctuation. 6) Use courteous, diplomatic language without assumptions about age, gender or other attributes. 7) Always cite facts to make the writing sincere.
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Just how to write a legal opinion with flair and finesse.
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
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◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
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2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃反问道父亲听了并不回答只是吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一的
Defending Weapons Offence Charges: Role of Mississauga Criminal Defence Lawyers
Discover how Mississauga criminal defence lawyers defend clients facing weapon offence charges with expert legal guidance and courtroom representation.
To know more visit: https://www.saini-law.com/
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Principles of legal drafting
- 1. Principles of Legal Drafting
- 2. Definition of Legal Draft • Any written document that one prepares in the course of his/her legal career, is known as a draft.
- 3. Definition of Legal Draft • Draft takes a lot of skill, care and revision to be prepared. • One has to ensure that the message is clear, short, and does not contain any error.
- 4. Principles / Steps to follow Active Voice No Lengthy phrases Avoid over-use of ‘Shall’ Concrete words No Redundancy No errors Courtesy Use Citations
- 5. 1. Use active voice This makes the sentences short, and easy to understand. The Doer / actor in the sentence becomes prominent. Eg.: Passive: The documents were verified by the drafter. Active: The drafter verified the documents. 5 words 7 words Doer / actor
- 6. Active Voice Another good point about active voice is that, it clearly fixes responsibility of the action. Eg.: Passive: The facts must be verified. [by whom?] Active: The police must verify the facts.
- 7. Passive Voice Situations When we need to highlight the receiver of the action. Eg.: Every 8 seconds, a kid is trafficked somewhere in India. By whom? Unimportant.Receiver of ‘kidnapping’ = Kid This data is Important
- 8. 2. No lengthy phrases Eg.: I have given consideration to your proposal. Correct: I have given consideration to your proposal. Workplaces must give recognition to the rights of transgender people. Workplaces must give recognition to the rights of transgender people. considered recognize
- 9. 3. Use concrete words Avoid vague adjectives and use concrete words. Eg.: My client has suffered horrible injuries from this event. Correct: My client has suffered a fracture in his ribs and deep wound in his shoulders because of this event.
- 10. 4. No over-use of “Shall” “Shall” creates confusion. Are we talking of a future action, or an obligation? Eg.: We shall obey the law. [Moral Obligation] If we try hard, we shall succeed. [Future event] But if one interprets obeying law as ‘just any other, probable event of future, then trouble will arise!!
- 11. 4. No over-use of “Shall” In order to avoid that confusion, we use: ✓ “must” for legal obligation ✓ “will” for future action. Eg.: The governor shall leave the residential quarters provided to him, after his service tenure. The Governor shall invite the leader of the winning party to form government. [future action] must will
- 12. 5. Avoid redundancies Redundancies are same words used two-times. In a legal document, presence of redundancy makes you sound unprofessional. Eg.: This notice is the last and final chance given to you, to settle the dispute with my client.
- 13. 6. Avoid errors • Errors in grammar and spelling make a negative impact on the mind of the reader. They think you to be either careless, or untrained. • Errors in punctuation / usage of modifiers create double-meaning in sentences. So, they are to be avoided.
- 14. 7. Show courtesy: Be diplomatic with words • Legal drafting is required for any business: for agreements; disclaimers; warranty; etc. • We should not refer to our reader in terms of specific age, gender, physical / mental condition, economic status, etc. • This proves that our stance is neutral towards any client / consumer.
- 15. 1. There are separate reservation quotas for old people and the physically handicapped. 2. Every MNREGA worker must show his ID card. 3. 7. Show courtesy: Be diplomatic with words Senior Citizens Differently abled His / her Fireman Firefighter Manhours Hours worked Manpower Personnel, workforce
- 16. 8. Always give citation • Citations help our reader to refer to the facts presented in the document. • This makes our writing a sincere work of research.
- 17. Assignment Questions 1. Discuss the principles of Legal Drafting. 2. Discuss the uses of Legal brief. 3. Discuss the Format of a Legal brief / summary.