The document discusses subject-verb agreement and the different types of nouns. It covers three main types of nouns: singular invariable nouns, plural invariable nouns, and variable nouns. It also discusses the three main rules for subject-verb agreement: grammatical rules, notional rules, and rules of proximity. Notional rules are used when the subject is a collective noun where members are not united, the name of a country in sports, concepts involving amounts of time/money/distance, things that are said together, and names of diseases/subjects.

1. Subject Verb Agreement

2. Subject–Verb Agreement
• singular subject singular verb
• Plural subject plural verb
.
Note: we cannot have TWO S-s together.
Bird flies.
Birds fly.

3. Singular
Invariable
Plural Invariable
Variable
nouns
3 types of nouns of number

4. Singular Invariable:
1. Proper nouns
2. Abstract nouns:
Information; Honesty
3. Material nouns: Gold
4. Collective nouns: A
pack
3 types of nouns of number

5. Singular invariable nouns examples
Proper Noun: India has a diverse culture.
Abstract Noun: Music pleases the soul.
Information makes one powerful
Material Noun: Honey is a natural medicine
Gold makes one rich.
Collective Noun: A pack of dogs is barking.

6. Plural Invariable:
1. Mass words like police, People,
Cattle
2. Proper nouns that are plural
3. Things that occur in pairs
3 types of nouns of number

7. Plural Invariable
Mass Noun: Cattle live near grasslands.
Police give security to the people.
Proper nouns in Plural: The Himalayas have
the highest peaks in the world.
Pair-nouns: A pair of jeans cost 2000 rupees
nowadays.

8. Variable nouns:
Nouns that have both
singular and plural
forms
3 types of nouns of number

9. Variable Nouns
Variable nouns are easy to recognize. They have
singular forms [taking singular], and plural
forms (taking plural verbs)
• A village gives you a closer life to nature.
• Villages are the worst victims of epidemic.

10. Solve
1. Homework ___ [is/are] boring.
2. The police ___ completed the investigation.
3. The Alps ___ in Italy.
4. A pair of Rayban sunglasses ___ around 8K.
5. Someone ___ left a bunch of flowers.
6. None of you __ going to the party.
7. Is there anyone who ___ not written
the notes?

11. Now, Subject-Verb Agreement follows
3 rules
Grammatical
Rules
Notional
Rules
Proximity
Rules

12. Grammatical Rules: All you have
learnt so far

13. Grammatical Rules: Special cases
All = Plural All are invited to the party.
Both = plural Both Deepika and Ranbir are
talented.
None = Singular None is like Modi in style.
Each / Every = singular Everyone is present today.
Any = singular Has any of you eaten?

14. Grammatical Rules: Special Cases
Some = Can be Singular or plural, depending on the context
Eg.:
1. Someone is standing over there.
[Some = Someone; Used for particular individuals]
2. Some never learn to behave.
[Some = some people; used in general statements]

15. Notional Rules

16. Notional Rules
Notion means idea, intellect.
Sometimes we have to use our brains to
understand whether the Noun is singular or
plural.
There are 5 situations where we use Notional
Rules:

17. Notional Rules
Team not in Unity
Name of country
in Sports
Concept of money,
time, distance
Things that we say
together
Diseases and
Subjects
The case of
“As well as”

18. I. Collective Nouns, where members
are not in unity
1. The jury has announced its decision.
But, The jury ARE divided on the verdict.
2. A group of boys is maintaining the website.
But, A group of boys ARE playing football.
• Other words are JURY, and TEAM

19. II. When we refer to country names in
sports.
India is a great country.
But, India ARE playing well in the test series.

20. III. When we refer to the Concept of Amount in
time / money / distance
a. Two crore is a lot of money.
b. Two years is a very little time to know someone.
c. Ten kilometres is a long distance for daily travel.
REMEMBER, these sentences will always have a
sense of ‘=’
Two Kilometres = long distance

21. IV.
Some things come together to form a concept. Take
for example: a dish.
Eg.: Cornflakes and milk is his favourite
breakfast.
Here, cornflakes + milk = a dish.
• Peace and harmony is important for domestic
life. [ peace and harmony = same thing]

22. V. Some names of Subjects & Diseases come in plural
form, but actually, these nouns are singular
Eg.:
Measles affects children
Economics is an interesting subject.

23. The case of “As well as….”
• As well as = extra information. Not counted
with the main subject.
Eg.: Sachin, as well as Sehwag, HAS / HAVE
performed well.

24. The case of “As well as….”
• As well as = extra information. Not counted
with the main subject.
Eg.: Sachin, as well as Sehwag, HAS / HAVE
performed well.

25. The case of “As well as….”
• As well as = extra information. Not counted
with the main subject.
Sony and Samsung, as well as Redmi, IS /ARE in
good demand.
Ans.: _________________________________

26. Solve
8. A band of robbers ___ terrorizing the place.
9. The team of doctors ___ divided on the question
whether 4 weeks ___ sufficient to heal pox.
10. Thousand crore notes ___ printed after
demonetization.
11. Economics ___ interesting to study.
12. 4 years ___ a long time to wait for someone.
13. Pizza and chowmein ____ ordered from
Zomato.
14. Pizza and coke ___ my all-time favorite menu.
15. The Police, as well as the Media, ___ after Nirav Modi.

27. Rules of Proximity
The noun that is near the verb, controls the
verb.
Used in:
Either..or
Neither..nor
Or
Not only..but also

28. Examples
• Either He or his friends are responsible for this.
[Friends> plural >near verb > Are]
• Either his friends or he is responsible.
Not only a criminal, but also the police get
beaten by mob.

29. A special note on “OF”
• Case 1: Fractions before OF
2/3 of the building is gone.
Half of the people are mad here.
Fractions, like ¼, ¾, ½, etc. cannot control verb.
In such cases, Noun after ‘OF’ controls the verb.

30. A special note on “OF”
• Case 1: Fractions before OF
2/3 of the building is gone.
Half of the people are mad here.
Fractions, like ¼, ¾, ½, etc. cannot control verb.
In such cases, Noun after ‘OF’ controls the verb.

31. “OF” contd.
Case 2: Whole Numbers before OF
• Earlier, we saw that fractions cannot control
verbs.
• But Whole Numbers can!
One of the students has won the scholarship.
Two of our students have won the scholarship.

32. “OF” contd.
Case 2: Whole Numbers before OF
• Earlier, we saw that fractions cannot control
verbs.
• But Whole Numbers can!
One of the students has won the scholarship.
Two of our students have won the scholarship.

33. “Of” Continued
Case 3: Percentages [Most; Some] before OF
In case of Most / Some, what we mean is %
percentage.
Most = 80%
Some = maybe 20 %
Percentage is like fraction. 20% = 1/5th

34. Examples
1. Most of the juices have sugar in them.
2. Most of the information is collected from
database.
3. Some of the pie is still left.
4. Some of the students are still writing.

35. Examples
1. Most of the juices have sugar in them.
2. Most of the information is collected from
database.
3. Some of the pie is still left.
4. Some of the students are still writing.

36. “OF” contd.
Case 4: Words, not numbers, before OF
• When we do not have a
numerical/fraction/percentage word before
OF, we have a normal word.
• In such cases, we treat those words as
Independent Voters, who can control their
verbs!

37. A special note on “OF” contd.
Example:
1. Colours of the rainbow ARE beautiful.
[colours> plural]
2. The view of the rainbow IS beautiful.
[View> singular]