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Morphology of fruits
This document discusses the morphology of fruits. It defines a fruit as a ripened ovary formed after fertilization. Fruits have three layers - the epicarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. True fruits develop from the flower's ovary, while pseudo-fruits incorporate other floral parts. Fruits are classified by their structure, development, and dehiscence into simple, aggregate, and composite types. Examples of different fruit types like legumes, follicles, berries, and drupes are provided.
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Morphology of fruits
- 1. MORPHOLOGY OF FRUITS Created by using various internet Resources for Educational Purpose only by Dr. M. Jayakara Bhandary Associate Professor of Botany Photo: Dinesh Nayak Vittla Government College Karwar -581301
- 2. What is afruit? A mature or ripened ovary formed after fertilization is called fruit. Ovary wall – Pericarp Ovule- seed
- 3. Parts of Fruits Fruit Ripened ovary Pericarp Seed Covering of ovary Ovule development Epicarp Mesocarp Endocarp Outermost Middle layer Innermost layer
- 4. Types of Fruits 1.True fruits Ovary of the flowers grows into the fruit. 2. Peudo-fruits/False fruits It is often found that other floral parts such as thalamus, receptacle or calyx, may grow and form a part of fruit.
- 5. Types of thefruits • Depending upon the number of fruits developing from a flower (which depends on number of carpels present in the flowers), the fruits are classified:
- 6. Fruit Composite/ Aggregate Simple fruit multiple fruit fruit Fleshy Dry fruit fruit Dehiscen Indehiscen Schizocarpi t t c
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- 8. Simple Fruits • Singlefruit from a flower – Dry simple • Dry Dehiscent – dehisce automatically – Legume – Follicle – Siliqua – Capsule • Dry Indehiscent- no dehiscence – Caryopsis – Achene – Samara – Cypsella – Nut • Schizocarpic – splitting to many one seeded bits – Lomentum – Cremocarp – Regma
- 9. Simple Fruits contd…. •Fleshy simple Fruits – Drupes – Berry – Pepo – Pome – Hesperidium
- 10. Aggregate Fruits • Flowerswith many apocarpous (free) ovaries – many fruits from a single flower: – Aggregate/Etaerio of Follicles – Aggregate/Etaerio of Achenes – Aggregate/Etaerio of Drupes – Aggregate/Etaerio of Berries
- 11. Composite or MultipleFruits • One fruit from an entire inflorescence – Sorosis – from spadix/spike inflorescences (Jackfruit, Pineapple) – Syconus – from hypanthodium (Eg. Fig)
- 12. Legume From monocarpellery, single chamberedOvary. Seeds in marginal placentation. Splits along both margins.
- 13. Follicle Dry monocarpellary, single chambered, burst from one suture , Ex. Calotropis
- 14. Siliqua Split from below upwards, Seeds attached tocentral Replum Ex. Mustard
- 15. Silicula A short siliqua Ex.Shepherds purse
- 16. Capsule Multilocular, many seeded fruit. Frombi- polycarpellary syncarpous ovary. Different types based nature of dehiscence
- 19. Caryopsis One seeded fruit from monocarpellery ovary. Pericarpfused with testa. Ex. Paddy, Grass fruits
- 21. Achene One seeded fruit from monocarpellery ovary. Pericarpfree from testa. Ex. Mirabilis
- 22. Samara • Winged fruits one/two seeded fruits with flattened wing like out growths Ex. Terminalia
- 23. Cypsella • One seeded fruit from an inferior Ovary • Ex. Sunflower
- 24. • One seeded Nut fruit with a hard covering
- 25. Schizocarpic Fruits Intermediate between dehiscent and indehiscent • Lomentum – Splitting into many one seeded pieces – Ex: Mimosa, Ground nut
- 26. Cremocarp From bicarpellary syncarpous bilocularovary, 2 chambered fruit – one seed in each chamber. Splits into two pieces called mericarps which remain attached to a central stalk called carpophore. Ex. Coriandrum, Fennel
- 27. Regma From trilocular ovary, 3-chamberedwith seeds in axile placentation. Each chamber with single seed separates, Remains attached to the central carpophore. Ex. Castor
- 29. Fleshy Fruits -Drupes
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- 40. Multiple/composite fruit Composed of a number of closely associated flowers aggregate together is called multiple fruit. 1. Sorosis Developing from spike in which flowers fused by sepals and becomes woody. Pineapple 2. Syconus Developing from hypanthodium, pear-shaped which encloses number of minute male and female flowers. Banyan, peepul, fig.