Rice

1. Course- Introduction to
major field crops
HPA-101
Topic-”Rice”
Submitted to:- Dr. Deepa Joshi
Dr. Gargi Goswami
Submitted By:- Rahul bhandari
16009

2. welcome

3. introduction
• Common name- Dhan ,Paddy, rice
• Botanical name- Oryza sativa
• Chromosome no.- 2n=24
• Origin - Indo Burma
• Distribution - South East Asia, West Africa and Central
and South America

4. Key point
• Central rice research institute Cuttack Orissa
• International Central rice research institute (manila)
Philippines in1960
• Project directorate of rice research Hyderabad
• International year of rice 2004
• Test weight of rice 21 g
• Rice bowl of India Chhattisgarh

5. MORPHOLOGY

6. • Culms – stem is made up of a series of node and internodes
• Leaves -sessile in nature.
• Panicle – inflorescence is known as panicle
• Grains – caryopsis

7. Area and production of rice in India
• In India
Area WB> UP >Bihar
Production WB> UP >AP.
Productivity Punjab 34q/ha
• In world
• Japan has highest productivity 58q/ha
• Area India> china> Indonesia
• Production china> India > indonesia

11. Nutritional Importance and uses
• Carbohydrates (78.2 g/100 g), protein (6.8 -7g),
fat (0.5 g),
• Crude fiber (0.2 g), mineral matter (0.6 g),
calcium (10.0 mg) and phosphorus (160.0 mg).
• It is used for preparing other edible items like
dosa, idli, roti, kadabu, paddu, uppama,papad,
sandige,etc.
• The rice bran oil is used for cooking after
refinement and soap making.

14. ClassificatioN

15. Soil Requirement
• Clay or clay loam are more suited for rice
cultivation.
• The pH range between 5.5-6.5.
• Soil should have good water holding capacity
with rich in organic matter.

16. Climatic Requirement
• Rice is majorly grown in tropics.
• It is best suited to regions which have high
humidity prolonged sunshine and assured supply of
water.
• Average temperature require 21-37
0
C
• For germination minimum of 10
0
C
• Flowering 22-25
0
C
• Ripening 20-25
0
C
• Grain formation 20-21
0
C
• 1,000-1,500 mm annual rain fall.

17. Cultivation
1) DRY OR SEMI –DRY RAINFED UPLAND CULTIVATION
• There is a lack of irrigation facilities.
• Crop depend entirely on rains.
• In such area farmer grow short duration (up o
100 days) with indigenous varieties.
• Varieties-For Uttrakhand -VL Dhan 206,VL Dhan 16,
For WB - Jamini ,kiron,
For TN -MDU 1, Vaigai

19. Land Preparation
• Proper land preparation and leveling should be followed for
ensuring adequate crop stand and finally achieving higher yield.
• Summer ploughing helps in controlling weeds like Cyperus
rotundus.
• Time of Sowing-onset of monsoon rains, Second fortnight of
June
• Seed Rate-Broadcasting-100-120 kg/ha, drilling-70-90 kg/ha
• Spacing- intra-row spacing of 10-15cm
• Nutrient Management- 10 tons FYM NPK 60:30:30 kg/ha

20. 2)WET OR LOWLAND CULTIVATION
• This system of rice culture is practice where assured and adequate
supply of water.
• Sprouted seed may be directly sown in puddled feild.
• Varieties- For WB –Bipasa, shasi,
For TN –Ponni,CO36,
Raising seedling in nursery-
• Land should be fertile.
• For transplanting one hectare area about 500 square metre is sufficient.
• Seed rate about bold grain variety 40-50kg/h where as fine grain varieties 30-
35kg/h

21. Dapog Method of Nursery:
• Introduced from Philippines.
• It has been adopted some farmer of AP for raising seedling.
• less area is needed to rise seedling
• 25-30 square metres of area is enough to planting 1 hac. area
• The raised beds of one meter width, 4-5 cm height and
convenient length are prepared.
• On these beds a polythene sheet is placed and above which a
mixture of FYM and soil (1:1) of 2.0 cm thickness is placed.
• Pre-germinated.
• seeds are broadcasted @ 1.0- 3 kg/m square and covered with
straw mulch. Irrigation is done frequently to keep the beds
moist.
• Seedlings are ready for transplanting in 18-20 days. For
machine transplanting mats of seedlings are used.

25. Transplanting
• Ideal age- 3-5 leaves stages.
• Spacing- 20x15cm.

26. CRITICAL STAGES FOR WATER
• BOOTING STAGE - most critical stages for water
• Tillering stage - 0-20days
• Primordia growth to flowering (40-60 days)

27. S.R.I. Method of Rice Cultivation
 The System of Rice Intensification, known by
its acronym ‘S.R.I.’ is gaining popularity
among rice farmers in several states.
 It is a method of rice cultivation enunciated
by Father Henry de Laulanie.
 It involves planting of single and young
seedlings with care instead of conventional
method of multiple and old seedlings from
the nursery.
 This method spaces rice plants more widely
and does not depend on continuous flooding
of rice fields.

28. Benefits of S.R.I. method
 Saving of water to an extent of 30-40 per cent.
 More area can be brought under irrigation with the available water.
 Reduction in the duration of crop as using of 8-12 days old seedlings.
 Reduces the leaching loss of nutrients.
 Maximum utilization of nutrients due to favourable conditions.
 Reduces the need for supplying of nutrients through fertilizers.
 Improves the yield.
 Reduces the cost of cultivation.
 Give more profit.

29. Aerobic Method of Rice Cultivation
• 1.Puddling of soil is not required.
• 2. Nursery raising is not necessary.
• 3. Direct seeding in the main field and hence,
transplanting of seedlings is not necessary.
• 4. Saving of seeds to an extent of about 80 per cent.
• 5. Saving of water up to 40-50 per cent.
• 6. More area can be brought under irrigation with the
available water.
• 7. Labor requirement is less.
• 8. Soil structure is not spoiled.

30. VARIETES
• Pusa Basmati – first high yielding variety
• Jagannath – mutent vareity
• IR-8 Introduced in india 1966
• Jaya –First high yielding earliest semi dwarf

31. New varieties
• VL Dhan 158- for HP UK
• Pusa Basmati1718
• Nandyala Sona
• Swarna shreya- A New aerobic vareity

32. Cropping System
Irrigated area-
• Rice - wheat
• Rice – potato – urd
• Rice – toria – wheat
Un-irrigated area-
Rice -rice –wheat
Rice-maize-jute

33. Weed management
• 1 Echinochloa colonum 2 Cyperus iria 3
Monocharia spp
• 4 Cyperus difformis
Control -
• Butachlor (machete) @2kg pre emergence.
• Fluchloralin(Basalin) at the time of pudling @ 1 kg/h.

34. Plant Protection
• Blast: Adopt seed dressing with Carbendazim (Bavistin) @
4g/kg of seeds. Spray the Carbendazim @ 0.1 per cent.
• Brown Plant Hopper (BPH): Spray Carbaryl 0.75 kg a.i./ha or
Carbofuran @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha or apply Phorate granules @ 1.25
kg a.i./ha.

36. Disease
• Bacterial leaf blight - caused by Xanthomonas oryzae
• Symp - Dry up plant
- Blighting start tip of leaves
• Control – 3to4 spray mixture of 75g agrimycin-100 and 500g copper
oxychloride in 500 litres of water per hectare
• Bacterial leaf steak - Caused by Xanthomon oryzicola
• Symp – water soaked spots
• - yellowing and browning
• Control -streptocycline12g in 500 litre of water per hactere

37. • Bacterial leaf steak Bacterial leaf blight

38. • Khaira
• it is due to zinc deficiency
• Symp- usually appears in nursery but may appear in patches after
10-15 days transplanting
• Root growth is restricted
• Control- 5 kg zinc sulphate 2.5kg lime in 1000litres of water .

39. Pest
• Green leaf hopper – Feed on leaves
- Sucking sap
- Also transmitted
tungro virus
Control – spray of phasphamidon 85SL @
0.5 ML of insecticide in 1 litre of water

40. • Harvesting and Threshing
• Allow the grains to harden.
• Harvest the crop at 30-35 days after flowering when stalks still remain
green to avoid grain shedding.
• At this stage at least 80 per cent of the grains a straw colored.
• Moisture content in the grains should be around 20 per cent.

41. • the crop is harvested with traditional sickles.
• Harvesting of rice is also done by cutter or power tillers/tractor
drawn reapers.

44. Threshing
• Conventional way of threshing is beating on hard surface
manually which consumes more time.
• Threshing is also done mechanically by using pedal operated
thresher or power thresher.

45. • Yield
• Grain yield of 3.0-5.0 t/ha and straw yield of
5.0-5.5 t/ha

46. Thank
You

47. REFERENCES:-
• Singh Chhidda ,Singh Prem , Singh Rajbir, 2009,second edition
Modern Techniques Of Raising field Crops , Oxford &IBH Publishing
Company Pvt.Ltd.,113-B Shahpur Jat , Asian Village Side, New
Delhi110 049 ,India
• Hand Book Of Agriculture
• http://www.agriinfo.in/