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Fruits: Parts and Classification
- 2. FRUIT •A product offlowers usually developed as a result of flower being pollinated. •Referred to as “ripened ovary”. •Its primary function is to distribute seeds to new areas where the plant might grow (seed dispersal vehicle).
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- 4. STRUCTURE A fruit iscomposed of the pericarp and the seed.
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- 6. STRUCTURE Pericarp is theovary wall which surrounds the seed (seed container). It has three regions: exocarp/epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp.
- 7. STRUCTURE Parts of thePericarp: 1.Exocarp/Epicarp - outer part, skin of the fruit 2.Mesocarp - middle part, flesh of the fruit. 3.Endocarp - inner part, encloses the seed.
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- 12. CLASSIFICATIONS I. Simple Fruits II.AggregateFruits III.Multiple Fruits
- 13. CLASSIFICATIONS I. Simple Fruits •Developed from one single ovary containing one or more carpels and may or may not include additional accessory structure.
- 14. SIMPLE FRUITS A.Fleshy Fruits •Its pericarp and accessory parts develop into succulent tissues. • One or more layers of the pericarp become soft during ripening. • Its pericarp is fleshy at maturity (soft pericarp).
- 15. FLESHY FRUITS 1.Berries • Haveone to many seeds and a pericarp that becomes soft and often sweet and slimy as it matures. • Grapes, eggplant, tomatoes, green peppers, blueberries, mangosteens, guavas, bananas, ampalaya, papaya
- 17. FLESHY FRUITS 2. Hesperidia •Have leathery pericarp that produces fragrant oils and soft segmented pulp. • All citrus fruits
- 19. FLESHY FRUITS 3.Pepos • Havethick or hard exocarp. • Have a receptacle that partially or completely encloses the ovary. • Pumpkins, cucumber, squashes, cantaloupes, watermelons
- 21. FLESHY FRUITS 5.Pomes (AccessoryFruit) • Its bulk is formed from a swollen receptacle. • Have a thin exocarp and a papery cartilaginous mesocarp. • Pears, apples
- 23. SIMPLE FRUITS B.Dehiscent DryFruits • Have hard texture and wood-like leathery appearance. • Split open at maturity to shed seeds.
- 24. DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS 1.Follicles • Have single carpel. • Open along one seam when the seeds are to be released. • Milkweed, columbines, peonies, magnolia
- 26. DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS 2.Legumes/Pods • Derive from a single carpel. • Split into two seed-bearing halves. • Garden peas, beans, peanut, mesquite
- 28. 3.Siliques • Seeds resideon a partition between halves of the ovary. • Mustard plant, watercress DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
- 30. DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS 4.Capsules •Derived from compound ovaries. • Two or more carpels, split along seams or forming caps or pores. • Eucalyptus, horse chestnut, kapok
- 32. SIMPLE FRUITS C.Indehiscent DryFruits • Have hard texture and wood-like leathery appearance. • Remain closed at maturity, thus, leaves their seeds inside them
- 33. INDEHISCENT DRY FRUITS 1.Nuts •Have hard thick pericarp and a basal cup. • Acorns, hickory nuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts
- 35. INDEHISCENT DRY FRUITS 2.Achenes • Have thin pericarps and solitary seed. • Seeds connect to the pericarp only at the base. • Sunflowers, buttercups
- 37. INDEHISCENT DRY FRUITS 3.Samaras • Have thin pericarps. • Seeds occur in pairs and have wings that allow dispersal by the wind. • Elm, ash, maple, narra
- 39. INDEHISCENT DRY FRUITS 4.Caryopses/Grains • Have hard pericarp fastened to the embryo all the way around. • Grass family
- 41. CLASSIFICATIONS II. Aggregate Fruit •From one flower that produces many tiny fruits (fruitlets) clustered together (etaerios). • Blackberries, strawberries, raspberries
- 43. CLASSIFICATIONS III.Multiple Fruit • Frommany different flowers or cluster of flowers develop closely to form a bigger fruit. • Pineapples, mulberries, figs, breadfuits, langka, atis, durian