This document provides an overview of the mint species Mentha piperita, or peppermint. It discusses the plant's taxonomy, description, cultivation, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and uses. Peppermint is native to Europe and used widely in flavoring, fragrance, medicine, and pharmaceutical products. It contains high levels of menthol and other compounds that give it antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties useful for treating conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, headaches, and nausea. Peppermint oil and tea are among the most common products derived from the plant.
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum. They are native to the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, and are commonly used as a spice. Cloves are commercially harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Tanzania.
Pharmacognosy of Atropa belladona, biological source, geographical source, chemical constituents, uses, morphology of leaves, flower, fruits of belladona, deadly night shade leaves, chemical test, microscopy, T.S of leaves
Resins are amorphous products of complex chemical nature. They are transparent or translucent solids, semi-solids or liquid substances containing large number of carbon atoms. They are hard, electrically non-conductive and combustible masses. They are usually formed in schizogenous or schizolysigenous cavities or ducts as end products of metabolism.
Most of the resins are heavier than water. They are insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, volatile oils, fixed oils, chloral hydrate and non-polar organic solvents like benzene and ether.
Wool fat
Topic presentation from Lipids(Waxes, fats and fixed oils), chapter from the subject PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1 of semester 3.
Thanks for viewing.
Pharmacognosy of Rauwolfia serpentina, biological source, geographical source, marphology of roots and rhizome, microscopy of roots, chemical constituents- reserpine, uses -antihypertensive, isolation of reserpine, serpagandha, India snake root
In this video the viewers will come to know about Bael fruit that is one of the carbohydrates containing crud drugs obtained from Aegle marmelos Corr plant. This drug becomes important since it is fruit example of carbohydrates source. Here the synonyms, biological sources (botanical names & Family), geographical sources (what are the countries where it can be collected), chemical constituents and uses has been discussed in brief.
Portion explained:
1. Synonyms of Bael fruits
2. Biological Sources of BAEL FRUITS
3. Geographical Sources of BAEL FRUITS
4. Collection of BAEL FRUITS
5. Description of BAEL FRUITS
6. Chemical Constituents of BAEL FRUITS
7. Chemical Test of BAEL FRUITS
8. Uses of BAEL FRUITS
Pharmacognosy of Atropa belladona, biological source, geographical source, chemical constituents, uses, morphology of leaves, flower, fruits of belladona, deadly night shade leaves, chemical test, microscopy, T.S of leaves
Resins are amorphous products of complex chemical nature. They are transparent or translucent solids, semi-solids or liquid substances containing large number of carbon atoms. They are hard, electrically non-conductive and combustible masses. They are usually formed in schizogenous or schizolysigenous cavities or ducts as end products of metabolism.
Most of the resins are heavier than water. They are insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, volatile oils, fixed oils, chloral hydrate and non-polar organic solvents like benzene and ether.
Wool fat
Topic presentation from Lipids(Waxes, fats and fixed oils), chapter from the subject PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1 of semester 3.
Thanks for viewing.
Pharmacognosy of Rauwolfia serpentina, biological source, geographical source, marphology of roots and rhizome, microscopy of roots, chemical constituents- reserpine, uses -antihypertensive, isolation of reserpine, serpagandha, India snake root
In this video the viewers will come to know about Bael fruit that is one of the carbohydrates containing crud drugs obtained from Aegle marmelos Corr plant. This drug becomes important since it is fruit example of carbohydrates source. Here the synonyms, biological sources (botanical names & Family), geographical sources (what are the countries where it can be collected), chemical constituents and uses has been discussed in brief.
Portion explained:
1. Synonyms of Bael fruits
2. Biological Sources of BAEL FRUITS
3. Geographical Sources of BAEL FRUITS
4. Collection of BAEL FRUITS
5. Description of BAEL FRUITS
6. Chemical Constituents of BAEL FRUITS
7. Chemical Test of BAEL FRUITS
8. Uses of BAEL FRUITS
Video Link is below :
https://youtu.be/23iaNNKmEeo
Description : In this ppt the viewer will able to know about Sources of Herbs. Herbs are obtained from different plant sources. Various herbs grow in different countries depend on their agro-climatic requirements. The unintentional adulterations may leads to loss of yields in raw plant materials. Proper authentic sources of herbs plays major role in herbal formulations. There are different names and sources of herbs world wide. The biological & Geographical sources of herbs should be clearly indicated in various herbs guide/manual. These herbs are parts of medicines & spices therefore it should be identified properly.
Portion explained:
1. Herbs
2. Herbs vs. Spices
3. Herbal Medicine
4. Herbs & its geographical Sources
5. Popular Herbs & Sources
6. Herbs & Sources
7. Top 10 Herbs
8. Examples of herbs
9. Nature's 9 Most Powerful Medicinal Plants
10. Different Important herbs
11. Flaxseeds
12. Ginkgo biloba
13. Spirulina
14. Ginseng
15. Garlic organosulphur compounds
16. Tea catechins
17. Citrus limonoids
18. Soya products
19. Tomato lycopenes
20. Momordica charantia
21. Turmeric curcuminoids
22. Black cohosh
23. Fenugreek
Global Market For Herbal Products In IndiaANKITA MANKAR
Medicinal plants, also called medicinal herbs, have been discovered and used in traditional medicine practices since prehistoric times. Plants synthesise hundreds of chemical compounds for functions including defence against insects, fungi, diseases, and herbivorous mammals. Numerous phytochemicals with potential or established biological activity have been identified. However, since a single plant contains widely diverse phytochemicals, the effects of using a whole plant as medicine are uncertain. Further, the phytochemical content and pharmacological actions, if any, of many plants having medicinal potential remain unassessed by rigorous scientific research to define efficacy and safety.
Turmeric (nature’s precious gift) is a plant that has a very long history of
medicinal use, dating back nearly 4000 years.
• In Southeast Asia, turmeric is used not only as a principal spice but also as a component in religious ceremonies. Because of its brilliant yellow color, turmeric is also known as “Indian saffron.”
• Modern medicine has begun to recognize its importance, as indicated by the over 3000 publications dealing with turmeric that came out within the last 25 years.
• Tamil Nadu, is the world’s largest producer of and the most important trading center for turmeric. It is also known as “Yellow City,” “Turmeric City,” or “Textile City.”
English ppt on herbal plants.
this one z made by
students of Sunshine International School
class 10 - A
group Members
1. Myself (Hima)
2.Merin
3.Jasmine
4.abra
5.arooj
6.christina
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hope u ll enjoy
let me know wat d u think abt dis ppt....
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Mentha piperita
1. Mentha piperita: A multipurpose herb
Zainab zaki
M.D Scholar(19MDIS003)
Department of Ilmul Saidla
(AKTCH, AMU)
2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Taxonomy
• Local Names
• Plant Description
• Cultivation, Harvesting and Extraction
• Chemical Compounds
• Therapeutic Uses
• Unani Formulations
• Products
• References
3. INTRODUCTION
• Mentha ˟ piperita also known as M.
balsamea, wild and pippermint.
• Piperita is Latin word meaning Pepper
means aromatic and pungent taste.
• Native to Europe
• First described in 1753 by Carolus
Linnaeus.
• Medicinal Plant of the year 2004 known
as heirba buena means good herb.
• Nearly about 25-30 species known till
now.
• Used in flavour, fragrance, medicinal and
pharmaceuticals purpose.
4. Continue...
• Natural Hybrid of M. aquatica
and M. spicata.
• Perennial, Rhizomatous and
aromatic plant.
Watermint Spearmint
peppermint
5. Taxonomy
• Kingdom- Plantae
• Division - Magnoliophyta
• Class - Magnoliopsida
• Order- Lamiales
• Family - Lamiaceae
• Genus - Mentha
6. Local Names
INDIA Mint,pudina,pudyana,puthina
ARABIC Nana
BRAZIL Nortela pimento
IRAN Nanafelfeli
IRAQ Nana
ENGLAND Brandy Mint
FRENCH Mentha
USA Mint
UNANI Fudanaj,podina,fotanj
Nearly 101 Local Names in different countries
7. PLANT DESCRIPTION
• About 40-90 cm tall.
• Stem:erect,30-90 cm height, purplish or green.
• Leaves:4-9 cm long,1.5-4 cm wide ovate or oblong lanceolate, petioled,
smooth and dark green on above surface, lower surface pale and hairy.
• Flowers:6-8 cm long, purplish and in thick terminal spikes.
Calyx: tubular with 5 sharp, hairy teeth and purplish.
Corolla:4 cleft
Stamens:4 short
Ovary:4 celled.
• Rhizomes wide spreading, fleshy with fibrous roots.
8. Continue…
LEAF ANATOMY:
Upper epidermis composed of large,
clear epidermal cells with sinous,
vertical walls with no stomata, few
glandular trichomes present.
Lower epidermis consist of small
epidermal cells with sinous, vertical
walls, numerous diacytic stomata
with glandular and non glandular
trichomes.
9. Cultivation, Harvesting and Extraction
Harvesting-is done twice
1. June(100-120days)
2. October(after 100 days )
Cultivation is mainly done for oil extraction
(pippermint oil).
Cultivation-
Generally grows in humid and shaded location.
Grows best with good water supply.
Reproduces vegetatively, spread fast by underground
runners(rainy season) and stolons (Winters).
December to january (by live juicy stolons)
Extaction is just before flowering.
Part used:leaf and whole plant.
Done through steam distillation.
10. Characteristics of Pipperminent oil
Colour: Colourless to yellow
Odour: Characteristic and pleasant
Taste: Pungent followed by cooling
sensation
pH: Neutral
Solubility: Alcohol, ether and chloroform
and insoluble in water
Temperament: Hot 2˚ and Dry 2˚
Dose:3-5 g
Used internally and externally both
15. REFERENCES
Loolaie, M., Moasefi, N., Rasouli, H. and Adibi, H., 2017. Peppermint and
its functionality: A review. Arch. Clin. Microbiol, 8(4), p.54.
Khalil, A.F., Elkatry, H.O. and El Mehairy, H.F., 2015. Protective effect of
peppermint and parsley leaves oils against hepatotoxicity on experimental
rats. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 60(2):353-359.
Spirling, L.I. and Daniels, I.R., 2001. Botanical perspectives on health
peppermint: more than just an after-dinner mint. The journal of the Royal
Society for the Promotion of Health, 121(1):62-63.
Uribe, E., Marín, D., Vega-Gálvez, A., Quispe-Fuentes, I. and Rodríguez,
A., 2016. Assessment of vacuum-dried peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) as
a source of natural antioxidants. Food chemistry, 190, pp.559-565.
Dorman, H.D., Koşar, M., Kahlos, K., Holm, Y. and Hiltunen, R., 2003.
Antioxidant properties and composition of aqueous extracts from Mentha
species, hybrids, varieties, and cultivars. Journal of agricultural and food
chemistry, 51(16), pp.4563-4569.
Hawrył, M.A., Niemiec, M., Słomka, K., Waksmundzka-Hajnos, M. and
Szymczak, G., 2016. Micro-2D-TLC separation of phenolics in some
species of mint and their fingerprints on diol bonded polar stationary
phase. Acta Chromatographica, 28(1), pp.119-127.
