This Unit is rely on introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion. the contents was prepared using the Curriculum of NTA level 4 at Mineral Resources Institute- Dodoma.
This ppt is as per class 12 Maharashtra State Board's new syllabus w.e.f. 2020. Images are taken from Google public sources and Maharashtra state board textbook of physics. Gif(videos) from Giphy.com. Only intention behind uploading these ppts is to help state board's class 12 students understand physics concepts.
This Unit is rely on introduction to Simple Harmonic Motion. the contents was prepared using the Curriculum of NTA level 4 at Mineral Resources Institute- Dodoma.
This ppt is as per class 12 Maharashtra State Board's new syllabus w.e.f. 2020. Images are taken from Google public sources and Maharashtra state board textbook of physics. Gif(videos) from Giphy.com. Only intention behind uploading these ppts is to help state board's class 12 students understand physics concepts.
Explains circular motion and compared it to linear motion.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
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http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
Unit-3 - Velocity and acceleration of mechanisms, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
After reading this module, you should be able to . . .
10.01 Identify that if all parts of a body rotate around a fixed
axis locked together, the body is a rigid body. (This chapter
is about the motion of such bodies.)
10.02 Identify that the angular position of a rotating rigid body
is the angle that an internal reference line makes with a
fixed, external reference line.
10.03 Apply the relationship between angular displacement
and the initial and final angular positions.
10.04 Apply the relationship between average angular velocity, angular displacement, and the time interval for that displacement.
10.05 Apply the relationship between average angular acceleration, change in angular velocity, and the time interval for
that change.
10.06 Identify that counterclockwise motion is in the positive
direction and clockwise motion is in the negative direction.
10.07 Given angular position as a function of time, calculate the
instantaneous angular velocity at any particular time and the
average angular velocity between any two particular times.
10.08 Given a graph of angular position versus time, determine the instantaneous angular velocity at a particular time
and the average angular velocity between any two particular times.
10.09 Identify instantaneous angular speed as the magnitude
of the instantaneous angular velocity.
10.10 Given angular velocity as a function of time, calculate
the instantaneous angular acceleration at any particular
time and the average angular acceleration between any
two particular times.
10.11 Given a graph of angular velocity versus time, determine the instantaneous angular acceleration at any particular time and the average angular acceleration between
any two particular times.
10.12 Calculate a body’s change in angular velocity by
integrating its angular acceleration function with respect
to time.
10.13 Calculate a body’s change in angular position by integrating its angular velocity function with respect to time.
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2. Rotational motion
• We have learned about
translational motion up to this
point…
• Now, we will venture into
ROTATIONAL MOTION of a rigid
body
– Rigid body: a body with a
definite shape that does not
change
• Rigid bodies can be analyzed as:
– The translational motion of its
center of mass and the rotational
motion about its center of mass.
• We will concentrate on purely
rotational motion – all points in
the body move in circles.
3. Rotational Motion
C
Last chapter, we talked about an B
object in uniform circular motion:
• Period
• Tangential velocity D
r
• Centripetal Acceleration m
v
• Centripetal force A
Now, we will talk about an object’s
motion as it revolves in a
circle, when it is uniform or non-
uniform!
4. Rotational Motion
• Now we will describe the circular motion of an
object using angles, in terms of its:
– Angular displacement θ [radians]
– Angular velocity ω [rad/sec, rev/sec]
– Angular acceleration α[rad/sec2]
5. Angular Displacement
• Angular Displacement (θ)
is the angle that a rotating
object goes through.
• We measure this in radians
– A fraction of a revolution can
be measured in
degrees, grads or radians
• A degree is 1/360 of a
revolution
• We can convert to radians
using:
– π radians = 180 degrees
– One revolution = 2 radians
…and use factor label method!
6. Example: Angular Displacement
• A rubber stopper is twirled over a student’s head in a
physics lab. Calculate the angular displacement of
the stopper if it travels:
– 30 degrees
– 0.25 revolutions
– 90 degrees
– 1700 degrees
– 12 revolutions
7. Angular distance θ in radians
We can convert from linear distance
(meters) to angular distance (radians) by:
• first converting to radians
• Use equation
θ=s
r
s = arch length in meters (distance)
r = radius of circular path (meters)
θ = angle in radians
8. Example: finding arc length
• What is the angular displacement of a rubber
stopper that is twirled over a physics teacher’s head
at a radius of 0.4 m and it travels 3.0 meters?
9. Example: arc length
Example 8-1 from book: A particular bird’s eye can distinguish
objects that subtend an angle no smaller than about 3x10-4 rad.
How small of an object can the bird just distinguish when flying
at a height of 100 m?
Subtend: The angle formed by an object at a given external point
3 cm
10. Angular velocity ω
In rotational motion, we usually describe
the angular velocity as revolutions per
second (rev/sec, rps), or radians per
second
• You will often have to convert this
number, since it is usually given as a
frequency (revolutions per time frame)
• Conversion from linear velocity:
ω= v
r
v = tangential (linear) velocity (m/s)
r = radius of circular path (meters)
ω = angular velocity (rad/sec)
11. Angular Velocity
Unlike tangential
velocity, the angular
velocity is the same at
every point on a rigid
body, like a wheel
12. Example: angular velocity
Example 8-3: What is the angular and linear speed of a child
sitting 1.2 m from the center of a steadily rotating merry-go-
round that makes one complete revolution in 4.0 seconds?
13. Angular acceleration α
Angular acceleration occurs when the
angular velocity changes over time.
• It acts in the direction of rotation in a
circular motion (NOT the same as
centripetal acceleration)
• In this case, we must also introduce
tangential acceleration (at) since the
tangential velocity is changing
– If there is angular acceleration, there will
also be tangential acceleration
• We can use the following conversion:
α= at
r ar= ω2r
a = tangential (linear) acceleration (m/s) ar = radial (linear) acceleration (m/s)
r = radius of circular path (meters) r = radius of circular path (meters)
2)
ω = angular acceleration (rad/sec ω = angular acceleration (rad/sec2)
14. Example: Angular Acceleration
What is the tangential and angular acceleration of a child seated
1.2 m from the center of a steadily rotating merry-go-round that
makes one complete revolution in 4.0s?
15. Linear & rotational motion equivalents
Now let’s re-write the linear motion equations using our rotational motion values!
16. Examples: kinematic equations
Ex 8-5: A centrifuge rotor is accelerated from rest to 20,000 rpm
in 5.0 min. What is its average angular acceleration?
17. Examples: kinematic equations
Ex 8-5: A centrifuge rotor is accelerated from rest to 20,000 rpm in
5.0 min. (a) What is its average angular acceleration? (b) through
how many revolutions has the centrifuge rotor turned during its
acceleration period? Assume constant angular acceleration.
a. 7.0 rad/s2
b. 50,000 revs