This document provides information on medieval Europe between 1056-1125 CE, including the rise of feudalism, the Norman invasion of England in 1066, the Investiture Controversy between the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy over who had the right to appoint bishops, the founding of the Cistercian order in 1098, and the First Crusade from 1095-1099. It also discusses important figures like Hildegard of Bingen, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Hugh de Semur the Abbot of Cluny, and Pope Urban II, as well as the development of architecture including Durham Cathedral, Pisa Cathedral, and the Church of San Climent.

1. T, R, 12-1:20PM
Professor Paige Prater

2. 
Feudalism
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3 Classes: king/nobles, churchmen, peasants
Manor: self-sufficient agricultural estate
 inheritance, shifting obligations/allegiances

4. 
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1056-1106 – Henry IV rules Germany + Holy
Roman Empire
1066 – William of Normandy invades England
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BAYEUX TAPESTRY
1075 – Investiture Controversy
1095-1099 – First Crusade
1098 – Cistercian Order founded
1137-1152 – Eleonor of Aquitaine Queen of France
with Luis VII
1141-1151 – Hildegard of Bingen writes Scivias
1147-1149 – Second Crusade
1154-1189 – Eleanor of Aquitaine Queen of
England with Henry II

5. 
1049-1109 – Hugh de Semur, Abbot of Cluny

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1058-1086 – Desiderius (Benedictine), Abbot of
Monte Casino
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1088 – Great Church of Cluny begun
1086-1087 – elected as Pope Victor III
1088-1089 – Pope Urban II (Cluniac) preached
First Crusade
1115-1153 – Saint Bernard (Cistercian), Abbot
of Clairvaux Abbey; writer, preacher, called for
Second Crusade

6. 
King of France: Ile-de-France

Duke of Normandy, heir of Vikings (north)
 1066 – Duke William II of Normandy invaded England:
“William the Conqueror” replaced Saxon rule
 Normans: CLOSE ties to the CHURCH


Duke of Burgundy (east)
TOKEN HOMAGE to king of France

7. 
Animated!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LtGoBZ4D4_E&feature=iv&
src_vid=b%20DaB-NNyM8o&annotation_id=annotation_559561

8. 
Holy Roman Empire vs. Pope Gregory VII

Only the pope could appoint bishops/abbots!
 Civil wars between German families who took sides
 Welfs of Saxony (“Guelfs” in Italy) vs. Hohenstaufens of
Swabia (“Ghibellines” in Italy)

9. 
Hat, satchel, walking stick

Santiago de Compostela


Shell as passport
http://www.paradoxplace.com/Photo%20Pages/Spain/Camino_de_Santiago/Ca
mino.htm

10. 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4mRnoZuiZU

11. 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cRrzFQG
XUIc

12. 
Iberian peninsula: Muslim in south vs
Christian in North

1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile and Leon had conquered
Toledo, Muslim controversy

13. 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0zudTQelzI (up to 6:23)

14. 
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Portal
Tympanum
Trumeau
Jamb
Historiated Capitals
Archivolts: curved
moldings of wedgeshaped stone voussoir

15. 
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Added apses
Wide projecting transepts; aisled
Variety of ambulatories
Fireproof stone masonry (vs. wooden roofs)
Two-towered west façade

17. 
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Silver gilt over a
wood core
33” high

18. 

imperial Rome
campanile = free-standing bell-tower

Master Bonanno, 1174
Master-builder: Busketos
 Cathedral: long nave with double side-aisles
(5 aisles=homage to Rome)
 Tuscan churches: decorated with marble on
exterior


20. 
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Baldachin – altar cover
Monastic church- not accommodating pilgrims
Open, partially underground crypt
Nave and aisles end in apses; 12th century liturgy

23. 
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Barrel vaults
no clerestory
windows or galleries

24. 
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1030-1060 – Ottonion wooden-roofed church
1080-1106 – masonry vault over 100’ high
Heavy compound piers and small piers
Groin vaults: weight on bay corners – side-wall
windows

27. 
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Military outpost on Scottish border
Vault experimentation

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Durham Cathedral – Norman church begun 1087;
vaults – 1087
Count-bishop: secular AND religious authority
River Wear’s oxbow = natural moat

29. 
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Normandy, France
Dedicated by William the Conqueror
Stringcourses: unbroken horizontal moldings at
each window level
1096-1100 – façade (13th century spires)

32. 
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Roman lighthouse tower
Earthworks: rebuilt Angloo-Saxon church
12th century: Norman Great Tower,
surrounding earthworks and wall
13th century: outer walls

35. 
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3’ high, approximately
Sculptor Wiligelmus


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Some of the earliest NARRATIVE sculpture in Italy
Used to be painted brightly
Inscription: “Among sculptors, your work shines
forth, Wiligelmus”

39. 
1125

40. 
Hildegard and
Volmar, Liber
Scivias, 1165-1175
(facsimile
frontispiece)

41. 

Church of San
Climent, Taull,
Catalunya, Spain,
1123
Byzantine,
Mozarabic, and
classical

43. 
Mary as the “Throne of
Wisdom”