Chartres Cathedral, also known as Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres (French:
Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres), is a medieval Catholic cathedral of the Lati hurch located in Chartres, France, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Paris.
Chartres Cathedral, also known as Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres (French:
Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres), is a medieval Catholic cathedral of the Lati hurch located in Chartres, France, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) southwest of Paris.
Património Cultural - As Catedrais de Portugal - Sé Velha de Coimbra- Artur F...Artur Filipe dos Santos
A Sé Velha de Coimbra de Coimbra é um exemplo notável da arquitetura religiosa fortificada.
A par com a Sé do Porto, de Braga ou de Lisboa, a Sé Velha de Coimbra foi (e é) um local de culto e um reduto de proteção para o bispo.
AUTOR
Artur Filipe dos Santos
artur.filipe@uvigo.es
www.artursantos.no.sapo.pt
www.politicsandflags.wordpress.com
www.omeucaminhodesantiago.wordpress.com
Artur Filipe dos Santos, Doutorado em Comunicação, Publicidade Relações Públicas e Protocolo, pela Universidade de Vigo, Galiza, Espanha, Professor Universitário, consultor e investigador em Comunicação Institucional e Património, Protocolista.
Director Académico e Professor Titular na Universidade Sénior Contemporânea, membro da Direção do OIDECOM-Observatório Iberoamericano de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Comunicação, membro da APEP-Associacao Portuguesa de Estudos de Protocolo.Professor convidado e membro do Grupo de Investigação em Comunicação (ICOM-X1) da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e da Comunicação da Universidade de Vigo, membro do Grupo de Investigação em Turismo e Comunicação da Universidade de Westminster. Professor convidado das Escola Superior de Saúde do Insttuto Piaget (Portugal).Orador e palestrante convidado em várias instituições de ensino superior. Formador em Networking e Sales Communication no Network Group +Negócio Portugal.
Especialista na temática dos Caminhos de Santiago, aborda esta temática em várias instituições de ensino e em várias organizações culturais.
A Universidade Sénior
Contemporânea
Web: www.usc.pt
Email: usc@usc.pt
Edições online: www.edicoesuscontemporanea.webnode.com
A Universidade Sénior Contemporânea é uma instituição vocacionada para a ocupação de tempos livres dos indivíduos que se sintam motivados para a aprendizagem constante de diversas matérias teóricas e práticas, adquirindo conhecimentos em múltiplas áreas, como línguas, ciências sociais, saúde, informática, internet, dança, teatro, entre outras, tendo ainda a oportunidade de participação em actividades como o Grupo de Teatro, Coro da USC, USC Web TV, conferências, colóquios, visitas de estudo. Desenvolve manuais didáticos das próprias cadeiras lecionadas(23), acessíveis a seniores, estudantes e profissionais através de livraria online.
Trabalho sobre a cidade de Coimbra, ideal para quem quer saber mais e descubrir esta magnífica cidade do centro português.
Com boas informações e boa estética.
Aproveitem e boa sorte!
“With its twin Baroque towers soaring over the Praza do Obradoiro, this monument to St James is a majestic sight, as befits one of the great shrines of Christendom. The core of the present building dates from the 11-13C and stands on the site of the 9C basilica built by Alfonso II, Behind the Baroque façade and through the original Portico da Gloria is the same interior that met pilgrims in medieval times.” Eyewitness”
“The grand heart of Santiago, the cathedral soars above the city in a splendid jumble of spires and sculpture. Built piecemeal over several centuries, its beauty is a mix of the original Romanesque structure (constructed between 1075 and 1211) and later Gothic and baroque flourishes. The tomb of Santiago beneath the main altar is a magnet for all who come here. The cathedral's artistic high point is the Pórtico de la Gloria inside the west entrance, featuring 200 masterly Romanesque sculptures.” Lonely Planet
Summery about Gothic and Romanesque architecture in Europe (Italy ,France,Germany,England and Spain (Gothic)
Reference : Fletcher (A HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE IN COMPARATIVE METHOD).
3. Introduction Originally named as Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres in French, it is now commonly known as the Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres. Located in Chartres, about 80 kilometres(50mi) southwest of Paris Is considered as the finest examples in all France of the Gothic style in architecture.
4. Introduction From a distance view, it seems to hover in mid-air above waving fields of wheat. Its two contrasting spires — one, a 105 metre (349 ft) plain pyramid dating from the 1140s, and the other a 113 metre (377 ft) tall early 16th century Flamboyant spire on top of an older tower — soar upwards over the pale green roof, while all around the outside are complex flying buttresses.
5. History Was the most important building in town of Chartres. Was the centre of economy. The most famous landmark. The focal point of almost every activity that is provided by civic buildings in town today. In the Middle Ages, functioned as sometimes as a marketplace, with the different portals of the basilica selling different items: textiles at the northern end; fuel, vegetables and meat at the southern one. Chartres was a place of pilgrimage (where the crypt of the original church became a hospital to take care of the sick)
6. Cathedral Building History At least five cathedrals on this site, each replacing an earlier smaller building that had been destroyed by the war or fire. It was called the 'Church of Saint Mary' in the eighth century, and in 876 Charlemagne's grandson, Charles the Bald, gifted the Virgin's great relic, the Sancta Camisia, to the cathedral.
7. Cathedral Building History This veil is now housed in the cathedral treasury. The present dedication to 'Beata Maria Assumpta' probably dates from this gift. The earlier church had been destroyed by the Danes in 858. There was another fire in 962, and a more devastating conflagration in 1020 after which Bishop Fulbert reconstructed the whole building. Most of the present crypt, which is the largest in France, remains from that period.
9. Con’t Construction began in a blaze of enthusiasm dubbed the "Cult of the Carts". During this religious outburst a crowd of more than a thousand penitents dragged carts filled with building provisions including stones, wood, grain, etc. to the site. Bishop Fulbert established Chartres as one of the leading teaching schools in Europe. Great scholars were attracted to the cathedral, including Thierry of Chartres, William of Conches and the Englishman John of Salisbury. These men were at the forefront of the intense intellectual rethinking that we call the twelfth-century renaissance, and that led to the Scholastic philosophy that dominate medieval thinking.
10. Con’t In 1134 another fire damaged the town, and perhaps part of the cathedral. The sculpture of the Royal Portal was installed with it, probably just before 1140. It was once thought that this sculpture was intended for another place and moved here, but recent investigation has shown that all three doors and the magnificent figures around them were created for their present situation. The two towers were then completed fairly quickly and, between them on the first level, a chapel constructed to Saint Michael.
11. Con’t Traces of the vaults and the shafts which supported them are still visible in the western two bays. The glass in the three lancets over the portals which once illuminated this chapel were installed in about 1145. The south spire is 103 meters high, and was completed before 1155. Finally, on 10 June 1194 another fire destroyed nearly the whole of Fulbert's cathedral.
12. Con’t The cathedral has been fortunate in being spared the damage suffered by so many during the Wars of Religion and the Revolution, though the lead roof was removed to make bullets and the Directorate threatened to destroy the building as its upkeep, without a roof, had become too onerous.
13. Con’t All the glass was removed just before the Germans invaded France in 1939, and was cleaned after the War and releades and since then the fabric has been lovingly tendered and repaired in a most scrupulous fashion to retain its original character and beauty.
17. Plan and elevation The plan is cruciform, with a 28 metres (92 ft) long singled-aisled nave, and short transepts (three bays deep) to the south and north. The east end is rounded with a double-aisled ambulatory, from which radiate three deep semi-circular chapels (overlying the deep chapels of Fulbert's 11th-century apse) and four much shallower ones, one of which was effectively lost in the 1320s when the Chapel of St Piat was built.
20. The cathedral extensively used flying buttresses in its original plan, and these supported the weight of the extremely high vaults, at the time of being built, the highest in France. The new High Gothic cathedral at Chartres used four rib vaults in a rectangular space, instead of six in a square pattern, as in earlier Gothic cathedrals such as at Laon. The skeletal system of supports, from the compound piers all the way up to the springing and transverse and diagonal ribs, allowed large spaces of the cathedral to be free for stained glass work, as well as a towering height.
21. The spacious nave stands 36 metres (118 ft) high, and there is an unbroken view from the western end right along to the magnificent dome of the apse in the east. Clustered columns rise dramatically from plain bases to the high pointed arches of the ceiling, directing the eye to the massive clerestory windows in the apse.
22.
23. one on the north transept with a theme of the Glorification of the Virgin.
24.
25. Windows Several of the windows were donated by royalty, such as the rose window at the north transept, which was a gift from the French queen Blanche of Castile. The royal influence is shown in some of the long rectangular lancet windows which display the royal symbols of the yellow fleurs-de-lis on a blue background and also yellow castles on a red background. Windows were also donated from lords, locals and tradespeople. The windows also present the first European wheelbarrow.
27. Porches On the doors and porches, medieval carvings of statues holding swords, crosses, books and trade tools parade adorn the portals. The sculptures on the west façade depict Christ's ascension into heaven, episodes from his life, saints, apostles, Christ in the lap of Mary and other religious scenes. Below the religious figures are statues of kings and queens, which is the reason why this entrance is known as the 'royal' portal. While these figures are based on figures from the Old Testament, they were also regarded as images of current kings and queens when they were constructed.
28. Porches The symbolism of showing royalty displayed slightly lower than the religious sculptures, but still very close, implies the relationship between the kings and God. It is a way of displaying the authority of royalty, showing them so close to figures of Christ, it gives the impression they have been ordained and put in place by God. Sculptures of the Seven Liberal Arts appear in the archivolt of the right bay of the Royal Portal, indicating the influence of the school at Chartres.