Roman Art History, Part 1 - Stokstad, 3rd ed
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From the founding of the Republic into the Early Empire: Highlights from early Roman history and art.
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Roman art ppt
Roman architecture spanned from 753 BCE to 337 CE, progressing through several periods. Some notable examples include the Temple of Vesta from the Roman Republic in the 1st century BCE, the Ara Pacis altar from 13-9 BCE during the early empire, and the Pantheon's iconic dome structure built under Hadrian in 117-125 CE. Roman architectural styles evolved over this thousand-year time frame, seen in structures like temples, forums, baths, arches and more that incorporated innovative building techniques like vaults and domes.
The Ancient Greek Art
THE ANCIENT GREEK ART
THE ANCIENT GREEK ART
Most influential cultures in the world.
Rich collection of myth, music, drama, and art.
Greek art started 3000 years ago.
GOLDEN AGES
ARCHAIC PERIOD
= EGYPTIAN INFLUENCE ART
CLASSICAL PERIOD
= IDEALISTIC ART, FULL PERFECTION BOTH SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.
THE HELLENIC ART
= TIME WHEN ARCHITECTURE
DECLINE
Five forms where Ancient Greek Arts Excelled
POTTERY
POTTERY
Primary for pottery.
Declaration became more figurative ( animals, human figures, and zoomorphs ).
Pottery was introduced by the corinthians.
ARCHITECTURE
DORIC COLUMN
Sturdy and plain.
Used in mainland Greece.
Temple of Hera
SCULPTURE
Influence by Egyptians and Syrians techniques.
Figures sculpted were mainly “Kouros and Kore”
PAINTING
Temples, buildings and tombs are decorated with fresco.
Fresco is a technique that we use of egg and wet plaster.
Tempera= mixture of egg, paint and water.
THE CLASSICAL PERIOD
POTTERY
Established Athens as the strongest city – state.
Popularity of ceramic and vases declined both in quality and artistic merit.
Used white-ground technique.
ARCHITECTURE
Doric and Ionic Columns remained during classical period.
Doric is described as more formal.
Ionic is more decorative and relaxed.
SCULPTURE
Anatomy became more accurate.
Statues became more realistic (human).
Bronze became the main medium.
Contrapposto was introduced.
FAMOUS SCULPTORS
MYRON Discus Thrower
Greatest sculptor of his time.
First to achieve life-like representation in figurative sculpture.
Gods, heroes and Athletes.
POLYKLEITOS Doryphorus
Sometimes called Elder.
Greatest sculptors of Classical Antiquity.
Known for his bronze sculptures.
CALLIMACHUS Muses
Poet, Critic and Scholar at the Library of Alexandria=largest library in ancient world.
Muses the nine goddesses of art.
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
Secular patrons influence sculpture and mosaic.
Wide range of pottery was produced.
But not given much importance.
SCULPTURE
CHARACTERISTICS
Naturalism was continually used.
Animals and ordinary people were accepted as major subject.
Although production of sculptures was increased, workmanship and creativity greatly suffered.
Greater expression characterized the sculptures of this period.
Colossus of Rhodes
The Three Graces
Borghese Gladiator
Venus De Milo
ARCHITECTURE
Temple of immense size
Theaters of similarly colossal
Storied colonel (stoa)
Public monument
Monumental tomb (mausoleum)
Council building (bouleuterion)
Processional gateway (propylon)
Stadium
Public square
Art History Mesopotamia ppt.
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This document discusses Greek art across three periods - Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic - from the 7th to 2nd centuries BC. It focuses on architecture, sculpture, and pottery. Greek art emphasized ideal proportions of the human body, copying from nature, and strict rules of proportion, beauty, and harmony. Architecture featured temples constructed in three orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Sculpture evolved from rigid Archaic styles to more realistic Classical works to expressive Hellenistic sculptures. Pottery provides insights into Greek culture and evolved through Proto-Geometric, Geometric, Black-Figure, and Red-Figure styles.
Greek art
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ANCIENT GREEK ART PPT
Ancient Greek art and culture flourished for over a thousand years, beginning in the Mycenaean period and evolving through the Classical and Hellenistic eras. Notable developments include advancing from geometric to naturalistic styles of sculpture and the emergence of democracy and other systematic fields of thought in Classical Athens. Greek art and architecture emphasized ideals of beauty, balance, and proportion that strongly influenced Western civilization.
Greek Art and Architecture
Greek architecture was dominated by temples built to honor gods. The Greeks developed three architectural orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - each with distinct proportions and detailing. The Parthenon, built in the 5th century BC on the Acropolis in Athens as a temple to Athena, exemplifies the ideals of Greek architecture through its Doric style. Greek theaters evolved from open areas to more elaborate structures but retained the basic layout, with audiences standing or sitting to watch plays about myths and legends.
Late Classical Art: Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great was the king of Macedonia who conquered much of the known world in the 4th century BCE. He was educated by Aristotle and sought to spread Greek culture throughout his vast empire. Beginning with an invasion of the Persian Empire in 334 BCE, Alexander conquered territories as far as India within just 12 years. His empire was the largest the world had seen up to that point and resulted in the blending of Greek and Near Eastern cultures. Alexander portrayed himself as both a Greek hero and a divine king, as seen in his official portraits depicting him as both idealized and with god-like qualities befitting his unprecedented military successes.
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Roman architecture spanned from 753 BCE to 337 CE, progressing through several periods. Some notable examples include the Temple of Vesta from the Roman Republic in the 1st century BCE, the Ara Pacis altar from 13-9 BCE during the early empire, and the Pantheon's iconic dome structure built under Hadrian in 117-125 CE. Roman architectural styles evolved over this thousand-year time frame, seen in structures like temples, forums, baths, arches and more that incorporated innovative building techniques like vaults and domes.
The Ancient Greek Art
THE ANCIENT GREEK ART
THE ANCIENT GREEK ART
Most influential cultures in the world.
Rich collection of myth, music, drama, and art.
Greek art started 3000 years ago.
GOLDEN AGES
ARCHAIC PERIOD
= EGYPTIAN INFLUENCE ART
CLASSICAL PERIOD
= IDEALISTIC ART, FULL PERFECTION BOTH SCULPTURE AND ARCHITECTURE.
THE HELLENIC ART
= TIME WHEN ARCHITECTURE
DECLINE
Five forms where Ancient Greek Arts Excelled
POTTERY
POTTERY
Primary for pottery.
Declaration became more figurative ( animals, human figures, and zoomorphs ).
Pottery was introduced by the corinthians.
ARCHITECTURE
DORIC COLUMN
Sturdy and plain.
Used in mainland Greece.
Temple of Hera
SCULPTURE
Influence by Egyptians and Syrians techniques.
Figures sculpted were mainly “Kouros and Kore”
PAINTING
Temples, buildings and tombs are decorated with fresco.
Fresco is a technique that we use of egg and wet plaster.
Tempera= mixture of egg, paint and water.
THE CLASSICAL PERIOD
POTTERY
Established Athens as the strongest city – state.
Popularity of ceramic and vases declined both in quality and artistic merit.
Used white-ground technique.
ARCHITECTURE
Doric and Ionic Columns remained during classical period.
Doric is described as more formal.
Ionic is more decorative and relaxed.
SCULPTURE
Anatomy became more accurate.
Statues became more realistic (human).
Bronze became the main medium.
Contrapposto was introduced.
FAMOUS SCULPTORS
MYRON Discus Thrower
Greatest sculptor of his time.
First to achieve life-like representation in figurative sculpture.
Gods, heroes and Athletes.
POLYKLEITOS Doryphorus
Sometimes called Elder.
Greatest sculptors of Classical Antiquity.
Known for his bronze sculptures.
CALLIMACHUS Muses
Poet, Critic and Scholar at the Library of Alexandria=largest library in ancient world.
Muses the nine goddesses of art.
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
Secular patrons influence sculpture and mosaic.
Wide range of pottery was produced.
But not given much importance.
SCULPTURE
CHARACTERISTICS
Naturalism was continually used.
Animals and ordinary people were accepted as major subject.
Although production of sculptures was increased, workmanship and creativity greatly suffered.
Greater expression characterized the sculptures of this period.
Colossus of Rhodes
The Three Graces
Borghese Gladiator
Venus De Milo
ARCHITECTURE
Temple of immense size
Theaters of similarly colossal
Storied colonel (stoa)
Public monument
Monumental tomb (mausoleum)
Council building (bouleuterion)
Processional gateway (propylon)
Stadium
Public square
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Greek architecture was dominated by temples built to honor gods. The Greeks developed three architectural orders - Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - each with distinct proportions and detailing. The Parthenon, built in the 5th century BC on the Acropolis in Athens as a temple to Athena, exemplifies the ideals of Greek architecture through its Doric style. Greek theaters evolved from open areas to more elaborate structures but retained the basic layout, with audiences standing or sitting to watch plays about myths and legends.
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Alexander the Great was the king of Macedonia who conquered much of the known world in the 4th century BCE. He was educated by Aristotle and sought to spread Greek culture throughout his vast empire. Beginning with an invasion of the Persian Empire in 334 BCE, Alexander conquered territories as far as India within just 12 years. His empire was the largest the world had seen up to that point and resulted in the blending of Greek and Near Eastern cultures. Alexander portrayed himself as both a Greek hero and a divine king, as seen in his official portraits depicting him as both idealized and with god-like qualities befitting his unprecedented military successes.
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Roman architecture
The document summarizes Roman architecture from the Republican period through the Late Empire. During the Early and High Empire periods (27 BCE - 192 CE), Roman architecture advanced with developments like concrete construction, which allowed grand vaulted spaces and domes. Iconic buildings from this era included the Pantheon with its record-breaking concrete dome, as well as amphitheaters like the Colosseum in Rome. Aqueduct engineering also flourished as the Romans built bridges and channels to carry water over long distances. Monumental arches like the Arch of Titus commemorated imperial accomplishments.
Rome
The document provides a timeline and overview of Roman history from its founding in 753 BC through the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It outlines the major periods of Roman rule like the Monarchy, Republic and Empire. Key events include the Punic Wars, Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul, and Constantine establishing Christianity as the official religion. Roman society, economy, architecture, art, and engineering achievements are also summarized. The document uses images to illustrate Roman sculptures, buildings, mosaics and other cultural aspects.
Slide concept by Anthony DAscoli FOR EDUCA.docx
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Slide concept by Anthony D'Ascoli
FOR EDUCATIONAL USE ONLY
For publication, reproduction or transmission of images, please contact individual artists, estates, photographers and exhibiting institutions for permissions and rights.
Roman Empire at Greatest Extent
The Roman EraApril 21, 753 BCE – the legendary founding of Rome by Romulus & Remus753- 509 BCE – Roman monarchy 509 – 27 BCE – Roman Republican Period264 – 241 BCE First Punic War – Rome vs Carthage – Rome gains Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica218 – 201 BCE – Second Punic War – Hannibal invades Italy with elephants traveling through the Alps – Rome vs Carthage – Rome wins – gains southern Spain, coastal France and part of North Africa149 -146 BCE – Third Punic War – Rome vs Carthage – Rome wins – gains modern day Tunisia and names it Africa as Roman province- Carthage is destroyed
The Roman Era
88 – 79 BCE – First Roman Civil War – Marius vs Sulla – Sulla wins – implements first dictatorship without time limit73-71 BCE – Spartacus leads slave revolt – eventually crushed by Crassus60 BCE – formation of the First Triumvirate – Julius Caesar, Pompey & Crassus rule Rome illegally58 – 50 BCE – Gaul conquered by G. Julius Caesar49-46 BCE Second Roman Civil War – Caesar vs Pompey – Caesar wins – becomes dictator for life – beginning of end for Rome as a RepublicMarch 15, 44 BCE – Julius Caesar is assassinated by Senators led by Brutus and Cassius
The Roman Era43 BCE – Second Triumvirate formed by Octavian Caesar, Mark Antony and Lepidus in order to catch Caesar’s murderers31 BCE – Third Roman Civil War – Octavian vs Mark Antony & Cleopatra – Octavian wins becomes sole ruler of Roman world – Egypt becomes Roman province27 BCE – Octavian changes his name to Augustus (revered one) – Official End of Roman Republic: Rome becomes an Empire – Augustus its first Emperor27 BCE – 476 CE – Roman Imperial Period (Roman Empire)27 BCE – 68 CE – Julio-Claudian Dynasty rules in Rome (Augustus, Tiberias, Caligula, Claudius & Nero)64 CE – Great Fire in Rome – Nero blames and then persecutes Christians – Saints Peter and Paul are martyred69 – 96 CE – Flavian Dynasty rules Rome (Vespasian, Titus and Domitian)
The Roman Era
August 24, 79 CE – Mount Vesuvius erupts destroying Pompeii, Stabiae and Herculaneum96 – 180 CE – Reign of the 5 Good Emperors (Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius & Marcus Aurelius)98 – 117 – Reign of Trajan – Roman Empire reaches its largest extent180 CE – reign of Commodus ends the Pax Romana (200 years of peace in Rome)192 – 395 Late Imperial Period – decay in art and leadership with few exceptions193 – 235 – Severan Dynasty rules Rome (Septimus Severus, Caracalla, Macrinus, Elagabalus and Alexander Severus)235-284 – Rule of the Barracks Emperors (Emperors came from army) – chaotic period of rulers284 – 305 – Reign of Diocletian – forms tetrarchy (rule of 4) to stop chaos of succession- starts Great Persecution of Christians – destroys churches and kills many people
.
Week 9 (The Roman Empire)
The document summarizes the transition of Rome from a republic to an empire between 48 BC to AD 180. It discusses the Second Triumvirate period and the rise of Augustus as Rome's first emperor. Augustus established the Principate autocratic form of imperial rule and ushered in two centuries of Pax Romana. The Roman Empire expanded during this period and developed infrastructure like roads, aqueducts, and baths. Christianity also emerged and spread through the Empire during this era.
Lecture, Ancient Rome
The Roman Empire spanned from 509 BCE to 337 CE across the Italian peninsula and parts of Western Europe and the Near East. The Roman Republic used elected consuls to rule until 27 BCE when Augustus became the first emperor, beginning the Roman Empire. Roman art was influenced by Greek styles and focused on portraiture, architecture like the Colosseum and Pantheon, and narratives of military victories. The empire reached its height under emperors like Trajan and Hadrian before declining in the 3rd-4th centuries CE.
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This document provides an overview of the transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire from 48 BC to AD 180. It summarizes key events such as Julius Caesar's dictatorship and assassination, the rise of Augustus and the establishment of the Principate system of imperial rule, and the expansion of the empire under emperors like Trajan. It also discusses the development of Christianity and its spread throughout the Roman world during this period.
Week 8 (Rome)
The Roman Republic spanned from approximately 800 BC to 100 AD. It began as a monarchy located along the Tiber River in central Italy. Rome was influenced by its Etruscan neighbors and established a republican form of government in 509 BC. The republic expanded greatly through military conquests across the Italian peninsula and Mediterranean world. This led to conflicts between the patrician and plebeian classes that were mostly resolved by 287 BC. The Punic Wars in the 3rd-2nd centuries BC established Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean. Internal political strife and corruption led to a period of civil war in the 1st century BC and the rise of Julius Caesar as dictator. After Caesar's assassination,
WH Roman Empire
The founding of Rome began as a legend with the twin brothers Romulus and Remus establishing the city in 753 BC. More likely, Rome was settled between 1000-500 BC by three groups - Etruscans, Latins, and Greeks. Rome adopted many aspects of Greek religion and matched their gods to Greek counterparts. The Roman Republic was established in 509 BC and was ruled by two consuls and a patriarchal class system. Rome's power grew through the Punic Wars against Carthage and internal unrest. The First Triumvirate of Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus controlled Rome but their rivalry led to civil war and the rise of Octavian who became Augustus and established the Roman Empire
Ancient rome
The document provides an overview of ancient Roman art and architecture from the Roman Republic period beginning in 509 BCE through the early 4th century CE. It describes the transition from the Roman Republic to the Roman Empire and autocratic rule. Key examples of art and architecture discussed include portraits, frescoes from Pompeii, and monumental structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and Arch of Constantine that demonstrated Rome's engineering abilities and served as symbols of imperial power.
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The document outlines the official chronology of ancient Rome from its founding in 753 BCE through the fall of Rome in 476 CE. It then provides details on Roman architecture, innovations like concrete and barrel vaults, as well as domestic and public buildings. Roman painting styles are described, including the four Pompeian styles. Sculpture is also summarized, from realistic portraits of the Republic to imperial propaganda. Overall, the Romans were great builders who developed new architectural forms and had a large impact on Western art through their innovative use of materials and artistic traditions.
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The document provides an overview of basic art history from prehistoric to Roman art. It describes prehistoric cave paintings and Venus figurines from the Upper Paleolithic period. During the Neolithic period, art became more symbolic with pottery, jewelry and megaliths. Mesopotamian art reflected military rule with structures like ziggurats and protective deities. Egyptian art had religious purposes and followed strict conventions for thousands of years as seen in structures like the Great Pyramids of Giza. Ancient Greek art progressed from the Archaic to Classical periods, establishing ideals of naturalism seen in works like the Parthenon and Doryphorus. Hellenistic art became more dramatic. Roman art
Rome NOTES de Beaufort
This document provides an overview of Roman art and architecture from the founding of Rome to the Early Empire period. It discusses Roman foundation myths, the origins of Rome along the Tiber River in the 8th century BCE, and the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 BCE. Key developments included the republican period, the expansion of Roman territory through military conquests, and the transition to a Roman Empire under Augustus in 27 BCE. The document also outlines Roman artistic patronage, innovations in architecture like concrete, vaults and domes, and examples of portrait sculpture and wall paintings found in Pompeii.
Romanartpart i
The document provides background information on ancient Rome, beginning with the Etruscan kingdom from 750-510 BCE that influenced early Rome. It then discusses the Roman Republic from 509-27 BCE and key rulers like Julius Caesar. Images and descriptions of art and architecture from the republic period are presented, including the Apollo of Veii statue, sarcophagi, temples, and coins. The document then covers the Early Roman Empire beginning with Augustus, the first emperor, and art like the Primaporta statue that established imperial propaganda. Engineering achievements like the Pont du Gard aqueduct and structures like the Ara Pacis altar and Flavian Amphitheater are also summarized.
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The document provides background information on the rise of ancient Rome. It describes geographic factors that contributed to Rome's growth as a trade center located in the central Mediterranean. It then discusses Rome's origins as a city founded by Romulus in 753 BCE and ruled by Etruscan kings. The Etruscans conquered Rome around 600 BCE and had significant influence on early Roman culture, contributing artistic styles, religious practices, and technologies like the alphabet, arch, and drainage systems. Their rule ended with a rebellion in 509 BCE, paving the way for Rome to become a republic.
Ancient Rome
The document discusses the rise and fall of Ancient Rome over several centuries. It begins with Rome celebrating conquering the last Greek city-state in 146 BC. Over time, Greek culture came to heavily influence and form the base of Roman culture and society. The document then outlines the growth of Rome from a small city into a vast empire through military conquests and the lasting legacies Rome left across Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. It concludes by discussing the decline of Rome through political instability and economic problems following the rule of various emperors in the late Roman period.
ancient rome
Beginning in the 8th century BC, Ancient Rome grew from a small town on the Tiber River to a vast empire spanning most of Europe and the Mediterranean world. At its height, the Roman Empire encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands. Some legacies of Roman dominance include the use of Romance languages derived from Latin, the modern Western alphabet and calendar, and the emergence of Christianity as a major religion. After 450 years as a republic, Rome became an empire under Julius Caesar in the 1st century BC. The long reign of Augustus began a golden age, though Rome's decline and fall by the 5th century AD was one of history's most dramatic events.
Week 10 (The Roman Empire)
The document provides an overview of the Roman Empire from 48 BC to AD 180. It summarizes key events such as Julius Caesar's dictatorship and assassination, the rise of the Second Triumvirate led by Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus, and Octavian becoming the first Roman emperor Augustus. It also discusses aspects of Roman culture and infrastructure during this period, such as the establishment of the Principate system of imperial rule, the Pax Romana, expansion of Roman roads and cities, and development of public baths and amphitheaters.
Week 10 (Rome)
The document provides an overview of the Roman Republic from approximately 800 BC to 100 AD. It summarizes the key events and developments during this period, including the founding of Rome, the establishment of the Roman Republic in 509 BC, the expansion of Roman territory through military conquests and citizenship grants, the Punic Wars against Carthage, the rise of prominent political figures like the Gracchi brothers and Marius, the civil wars between Marius, Sulla, and Pompey, and the dictatorship of Julius Caesar. The document uses maps, timelines, and images to illustrate the people and places involved in the rise and functioning of the Roman Republic.
1311 Rome, Byzantine Empire, Early Christianity
The document outlines the plan to discuss the contributions of the Romans, the development of Eastern and Western empires, the spread of Christianity, and briefly look at Charlemagne and the Franks. It then provides details on the Pax Romana period of stability in Rome, developments like trade, architecture, spectacle, and the early spread of Christianity throughout the Roman empire before its eventual split into Eastern and Western halves.
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Roman Art History, Part 1 - Stokstad, 3rd ed
- 1. ROMAN art T, R, 12-1:20PM Professor Paige Prater
- 2. Place
- 3. Time Periods • 509-27BCE The Republic • 27BCE-96CE The Early Empire • 96-192CE High Imperial Art of Trajan & Hadrian • 192-395CE The Late Empire, Third & Fourth Centuries
- 4. Roman Origins • Romulus & Remus, twin sons of Mars, god of War • Aeneas, mortal son of Venus and survivor of the Trojan War • A people migrated to Neolithic Latium, south of Tiber, settling on the Palatine, one of the 7 hills that eventually became city of Rome • 6th century BCE –round huts>major transportation/trade center. • Latin-speaking
- 5. Roman Religion • Greek gods/myths: Roman names • Added deified emperors, later • Official state religion mixed with political duty (oath of allegiance to living rulers) • Other religious influences: Isis/Osiris from Egypt, Cybele from Anatolia, Mithras from Persia, God of Judaism/Christianity from Palestine
- 6. Roman Writings on Art • Vitruvius Ten Books on Architecture (1st Century CE) • Pliny the Elder (c. 23-79CE) Naturalis Historia • Pliny the Younger, nephew of Pliny the Elder (c. 61-113CE) LOTS of LETTERS (describing villas and gardens) • Flavius Josephus (c. 37-100CE) Jewish Wars (loot taken from the Temple of Solomon) • Ovid (c. 43BCE-17CE) Metamorphoses (themes for art) • Plutarch (c. 46-after 119CE) commentary on art/artists
- 7. The Republic 509-27 BCE • Early Roman Government: kings + Senate (citizen leaders) • 2 Classes, Poor and Rich: Plebians + Patricians • 509BCE- Etruscan king overthrown, OLIGARCHY established – GOVERNMENT by the artistocrats…lasted 450 years! • 275 BCE – entire Italian peninsula=Roman • 146BCE– Carthage and western Mediterranean = Roman • 150BCE - Macedonia and Greece = Roman • 44BCE – Gaul (France) and eastern Mediterranean =Roman • 31BCE – Egypt = Roman (Battle of Actium, Octavian defeats Marc Anthony and Cleopatra)
- 8. Aulus Metellus 80BCE • Bronze portrait, 5’ 11” • a.k.a. The Orator • Toga and laced leather boots • Memorial?
- 9. Pompey the Great, 50 BCE • Verism • Marble, 9 ¼” • General • One of a 3-man team (including Caesar and Crassus) who ruled from 60-53BCE
- 10. Denarius with Portrait of Julius Caesar, 44BCE • Relief portrait on denarius coin • Julius Caesar, living ruler • Venus on the reverse
- 11. Pont du Gard, Nîmes, France, late 1st century BCE • Round arch, vault, and CONCRETE • Aqueduct (water for city) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= zQqtiwIq9gw
- 12. Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia (model) 2nd century BCE • Discovered after WWII in bomb rubble, 16 mi southeast of Rome • Concrete with stucco and cut limestone veneer • 7 vaulted platforms/terraces • exedrae: semicircular niches • Colonnades • tholos
- 13. Temple (dedicated to Portunus) late 2nd century BCE
- 14. Maison Carrée 20BCE Nîmes, France
- 15. Augustus of Primaporta early 1st century CE • Julius Caesar = great-uncle • 19 years old; peace in 17 years • 27BCE – “Augustus” (exalted, sacred by Senate • “Pontifex Maximus” 12CE • Nearly 60 year rule! • Etruscan, Greek; Roman idealism; propaganda
- 16. Ara Pacis Augustae, 13-9BCE • Altar of Augustan Peace • Commemorative • Triumphal return after est. Roman rule in Gaul & Hispania
- 17. Ara Pacis Augustae Imperial Procession 5’2”, south side • New museum opened in 2006 • American architect, Richard Meier designed it in 1996
- 18. Ara Pacis Augustae – Allegory of Peace
- 19. Pompeii – Mt Vesuvius 79CE • Nature • Landscapes painted on interiors • Grid plan, but divided in quarters; forum and other public buildings were located at this intersection (Pompeii grew over time, not as grid-like.) • Insulae • 10-20,000 inhabitants in Pompeii • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dn14wkg0mhM • Houses behind/above shops Young Woman Writing, Detail of a wall- painting, Pompei, 37c m.
- 20. House of the Vetii, Pompeii (62-79CE)
- 21. Villa of the Mysteries • Marble “dado” (lower part of the wall) • Cult site…maybe Dionysos?
- 22. Garden scene, Villa of Livia at Primaporta, 1st Century BCE