Week 13 (The Middle Ages)
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This document provides an overview of the Middle Ages in Europe from 500-1200 AD. It discusses the political developments in England including the rule of Alfred the Great, William the Conqueror, and the establishment of common law. It also summarizes the Cluny Reforms in the Catholic Church, the East-West Schism, and Urban II's call for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont in 1095 to retake the Holy Land. The Crusades lasted into the late 13th century and involved conflicts between Christians, Muslims, and Byzantines over control of religious sites. Feudalism developed as a political and economic system during this period.
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2. Feudalism and the manorial system provided a social and economic structure where lords granted land to vassals who provided military and labor services in return.
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The Crusades were a series of military expeditions launched by European Christians in the 11th through 13th centuries to regain control of the Holy Land from Muslim rule. They were prompted by the Byzantine emperor's request for aid against invading Turks and the Pope's call for a holy war to retake Jerusalem, which was an important religious site for Christians, Muslims and Jews. Though some Crusaders were motivated by religious zeal, others joined in hopes of gaining wealth, land or adventure. The Crusades achieved some early successes but ultimately failed to maintain permanent control of Jerusalem and other holy sites.
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The Crusades were a series of military expeditions launched by European Christians in the 11th through 13th centuries to regain control of the Holy Land from Muslim rule. They were prompted by the Byzantine emperor's request for aid against invading Turks and the Pope's call for a holy war to retake Jerusalem, which was an important religious site for Christians, Muslims and Jews. The Crusaders achieved some success initially in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Crusader states, but were ultimately unable to maintain control of the region and were driven out by Muslim leader Saladin's forces.
The crusades
The Crusades were a series of wars between Christians and Muslims over control of Jerusalem and the Holy Land. The Muslims had captured Jerusalem, preventing Christian pilgrimages. Pope Urban II called for the defeat of the Turks and return of the Holy Land to Christianity. Thousands answered the call, including feudal lords, knights, and peasants. The First Crusade succeeded in capturing Jerusalem in 1099, though the Turks later retook much of the territory, leading to further Crusades over the next century with no lasting victories for the Christians.
Crusade.pptx
- The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated in 1095 in response to the Seljuk invasion of the Byzantine Empire and holy lands. There were multiple Crusades over the next two centuries as control of lands in the eastern Mediterranean changed hands between Christian and Muslim forces. The Crusades ultimately ended in failure for the Christians after the fall of the last major Christian strongholds in the Holy Land in the late 13th century.
Timeline of Human History & Leaders (1071 AD - 1370 AD)
This content is all about the history of previous leaders. Here we can know about the mistake that was made by those previous leader and their raise and fall. In fact, we can know about the legacy and contribution of the leader. Here we know about the leader of 1171 AD to 1370AD.
ch. 18 Gothic art
Gothic art originated in France in the 12th century and spread to other parts of Europe. It featured rib vaulting that allowed churches to be built taller with higher ceilings. Gothic cathedrals like Notre Dame and Chartes featured rose windows, flying buttresses, and intricate jamb sculptures depicting biblical scenes. Money to build these massive churches was raised through the selling of indulgences which pardoned sins.
Middle ages timeline
The document provides a timeline of major events from 1066 to 1485 during the Middle Ages in England, including the reigns of various kings from William the Conqueror to Richard III. Some key events included are the Norman invasion of 1066, the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215, the start of the Hundred Years' War in 1337, and the end of the Wars of the Roses in 1485 which marked the beginning of the Tudor dynasty.
Romanesque: Style and Period
This document provides information on medieval Europe between 1056-1125 CE, including the rise of feudalism, the Norman invasion of England in 1066, the Investiture Controversy between the Holy Roman Empire and the Papacy over who had the right to appoint bishops, the founding of the Cistercian order in 1098, and the First Crusade from 1095-1099. It also discusses important figures like Hildegard of Bingen, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Hugh de Semur the Abbot of Cluny, and Pope Urban II, as well as the development of architecture including Durham Cathedral, Pisa Cathedral, and the Church of San Climent.
Middle ages timeline
The document provides a chronological overview of rulers in England from 1066 to 1485. Key events include the Norman conquest under William the Conqueror, the building of castles and creation of the Domesday Book. Subsequent rulers presided over the Crusades, signing of the Magna Carta, Hundred Years' War, Peasants' Revolt, Wars of the Roses, and establishment of the Tudor dynasty. Major cultural and technological developments like the printing press and works of Chaucer and Shakespeare occurred during this time period.
High middle ages
The High Middle Ages from 1100-1300 CE saw a revitalization of Europe following centuries of turmoil. This included the growth of trade and strong monarchies, advances in agriculture and technology, and the establishment of universities. The Catholic Church also consolidated its power through reforms, sponsoring the Crusades against Muslims in the Holy Land. New architectural styles like Gothic cathedrals and castles dotted the landscape as feudal systems of power organized society across Europe in this period.
The crusades!
The document discusses the Crusades, which were military expeditions initiated by the Catholic Church between the 11th and 13th centuries with the goal of recovering the Holy Lands from Muslim rule. The Crusades occurred across several centuries and involved complex religious, economic, and political motivations. The First Crusade succeeded in capturing Jerusalem in 1099, but the subsequent Crusades failed to achieve long-term territorial gains and largely drained resources while increasing antagonism between Western Christians and Muslims in the East. The Fourth Crusade notably resulted in the sacking of Constantinople by Western crusaders in 1204, weakening the Byzantine Empire.
Religion and warfare
The document discusses various religious traditions and their mythology around themes of war and conflict. It describes the War in Heaven from the Book of Revelation where Michael and his angels fought against Satan. It also discusses the fall of Lucifer due to pride and desire to be God. The document then outlines several Crusades from the 11th to 13th centuries between Christians and Muslims for control of Jerusalem. It also provides an overview of warrior castes and military achievements in Hinduism and ancient India, referencing texts like the Mahabharata and the role of Krishna. Overall themes around religious traditions and warfare are explored.
14.1 church reform and the crusades (1)
The document summarizes the Catholic Church reforms and Crusades between the 900s and 1400s. It describes how monastic reforms strengthened the Church's power and new religious orders formed. Problems like corruption prompted reformers. The Crusades launched to retake Jerusalem from Muslims, with the first capturing it in 1099. Later Crusades had varying successes, and the spirit eventually dwindled as failures mounted. The document outlines several Crusades and their outcomes.
History of Britain
Early Britain saw the construction of Stonehenge and Celtic population during the Iron Age. The Romans invaded in 43 AD and built Hadrian's Wall to separate Roman and barbarian tribes. Anglo-Saxons then invaded in the 5th-6th centuries, establishing kingdoms and converting to Christianity under the influence of Celtic and Roman faiths. The Normans conquered England in 1066 under William the Conqueror, establishing French dominance. The Magna Carta limited royal power in 1215 and the Hundred Years' War with France began in 1337. The Tudors rose to power in 1485 and Henry VIII established the Church of England in the 1530s. Civil war erupted in 1642 over disputes
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Timeline of Human History & Leaders (1071 AD - 1370 AD)
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Week 13 (The Middle Ages)
- 1. The Middle Ages Week 13
- 2. Overview • AD 500 – 1200 • England • Cluny Reforms • The Crusades • Homework: – Chs. 10 – 11 – Quiz (12/11) – Discussion (12/12) – Final (12/14) St. Louis, describing the 7th Crusade
- 3. Europe, c. AD 1000
- 4. The Germanic Kingdoms of the Old Western Empire
- 5. From Britain to England • Alfred the Great (b. 848, r. 870 – 899) – Danelaw • Edward the Confessor (c. 1004, 1042 – 1066) • William the Conqueror (d. 1087) – Battle of Hastings (1066) • Henry II (r. 1154-1189) – Angevin Dynasty – Exchequer – Common Law – Thomas à Becket • King John (1199 – 1216) – Magna Carta
- 6. Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries
- 7. The Alfred Jewel, late 9th Century
- 8. Bayeux Tapestry (1073 – 1083)
- 9. Bayeux Tapestry (1073 – 1083)
- 10. Gregorian Reforms • Cluny, 910 • Reforms – Simony – Papal Curia • Gregory VII (r. 1073 – 1085) vs. Henry IV (r. 1056 – 1106) – Lay Investiture – Interdict – Excommunication • Concordat of Worms, 1122 • Religious Revival – Sacraments – Saints & Virgin Mary – Pilgrimages
- 12. Map 10.6 p287 Pilgrimage Routes in the Middle Ages
- 13. A Crusade is Called • Religion and Reform • The Byzantine Empire – Turks • Battle of Manzikert, 1071 – Alexius I Comnenus (1056 – 1118) • East-West Schism, 1054 • Council of Clermont, 1095 – Urban II (1042 – 1099) “Urban II Preaches the 1st Crusade,” Livre des Passages d'Outre-mer, 15th C
- 14. Turkish Empires and their Neighbors, c. AD 1210
- 15. The Crusades
- 16. Why go on Crusade? • Cluny Reforms • Holy War • Knighthood – Peace of God – Truce of God • Relics • Pilgrimages – Purgatory • East-West Schism • 2nd Sons
- 17. Crusades • Timeline: – 1095, Council of Clermont – 1st Crusade – 1099, Jerusalem captured – 1145 – 1149, 2nd Crusade – 1189 – 1192, 3rd Crusade – 1202 – 1204, 4th Crusade – 1244, Jerusalem falls – 1291, Acre falls • Spain • Baltic • Albigensian Crusade
- 18. Tintoretto, Sack of Constantinople, 1580-1605
- 19. Crusader Culture • Frankish, Islamic, Byzantine • Trade • Need for support – People’s Crusade – Children’s Crusade, 1212 • Crusading Orders – Knights Templars – Knights Hospitallers – Teutonic Knights • s
- 20. p278 Settlements of the Teutonic Knights c. 1230
- 22. Feudalism • Political Situation • Medieval Class – Fight – Pray – Work • How it works – Lord – Vassal – Fief – Feudal Bonds – Subinfeudation Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, 1410
Editor's Notes
- MAP 7.3 The Germanic Kingdoms of the OldWestern Empire. The Germanic tribes filled the power vacuum created by the demise of the Roman Empire, building states that blended elements of Germanic customs and laws with those of Roman culture, including largescale conversions to Christianity. The Franks established the most durable of these Germanic states.
- MAP 8.2 Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries. Attacks by invading Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims terrorized much of Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries, disrupting economic activity and spurring the development of fief-holding. The Vikings were the biggest problem, but they eventually formed settlements, converted to Christianity, and were assimilated.
- MAP 10.6 Pilgrimage Routes in the Middle Ages. Some Christians sought spiritual solace by traveling to pilgrimage sites. Many went to local shrines honoring the Virgin Mary, but Jerusalem, Rome, and Santiago de Compostela were the most desired locations.
- Settlements of the Teutonic Knights c. 1230