• Introduction
• Present Condition of Bangladesh
• Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant
• RNPP at a Glance
• Safety Standards for RNPP
• A video clip on RNPP • Conclusion
I am Md. Tanzid Hossain Shawon M.Sc. in NSE (Nuclear Science and Engineering) student at Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Bangladesh is going to build nuclear power plant at Rooppur.
This slide is mainly talk over the importance of nuclear power plant in Bangladesh.
Nuclear Power Plant in Bangladesh : Environmental Issues and their SolutionsHasibul Hossain Rasheeq
For better view : https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1NWlCP_WaaGw55eOJ-Ac9csE4TzdACMmowr9Oyc8b1QE/edit?usp=sharing
Fission-based electric power stations are responsible for the emission of negligible amount of Carbon Di-oxide and thus many countries are considering the possibility of building Nuclear Power Plants in order to get clean energy at a reasonable cost. Bangladesh is not different either. Though Bangladesh might not have a strong financial support, but they are going to enter the Elite Club of "Nuclear Power Producing Countries" in 2023. Thanks to Rosatom and thanks to Russia for their outstanding support.
I am Md. Tanzid Hossain Shawon M.Sc. in NSE (Nuclear Science and Engineering) student at Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Bangladesh is going to build nuclear power plant at Rooppur.
This slide is mainly talk over the importance of nuclear power plant in Bangladesh.
Nuclear Power Plant in Bangladesh : Environmental Issues and their SolutionsHasibul Hossain Rasheeq
For better view : https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1NWlCP_WaaGw55eOJ-Ac9csE4TzdACMmowr9Oyc8b1QE/edit?usp=sharing
Fission-based electric power stations are responsible for the emission of negligible amount of Carbon Di-oxide and thus many countries are considering the possibility of building Nuclear Power Plants in order to get clean energy at a reasonable cost. Bangladesh is not different either. Though Bangladesh might not have a strong financial support, but they are going to enter the Elite Club of "Nuclear Power Producing Countries" in 2023. Thanks to Rosatom and thanks to Russia for their outstanding support.
Roopur power plant and iran nuclear conflictImran Sajol
Roopur power plant and iran nuclear conflict
Rooppur Nuclear Power plant & Iran Nuclear Issue
Rooppur Nuclear Power plant
Imran
Rooppur Nuclear Power plant
Proposal was made in 1961 & approved in 1963
Total area needed- 253.90 acres
Will be made and funded by Russia
Estimated cost 12.6 Billion $
Two VVER-1200 reactor power Plant
Output 2.4GWe
Completed within 2025
Why Rooppur Power Plant is needed
Why Rooppur Power Plant is needed (Cont.)
Why Rooppur Power Plant is needed (Cont.)
Stable and Powerful Source
Continuously supply energy for long term
natural uranium can provide about 10000 times more energy than crude oil
Make a few amount of wastes compare to others
Transportation cost of raw material is also low for nuclear plant
Historical evidence of nuclear power plant accidents
afif
Accident at Chernobyl Nuclear Plant
INES level 7 (worst nuclear accident ever)
Happened due to technical problem
releasing radiation into the atmosphere and cutting off the flow of coolant into the reactor
Thirty-one deaths are directly attributed to the accident, all among the reactor staff and emergency workers
50 emergency workers who died soon after the accident from acute radiation syndrome
nine children who have died of thyroid cancer and 116,000 needed to be evacuated.
Accident at Fukushima Nuclear Plant
Following a major earthquake, a 15-metre tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of three Fukushima Daiichi reactors
INES Level 5
Four reactors were written off due to damage in the accident
No Death or sickness causes of radiation but 1000 died for the evacuation process
Over 100000 peopled needed to be evacuated
Conflict regarding Financial Issue
1 Rooppur Power Plant = 2 Coal Plant + 3 Padma Bridge
Maintenance and Operation cost will be 200 Million dollar per year for the next 40 years.
90% of the cost is loaned from Russian govt. and Uranium will be brought from Russia also.
It is actually a “cost plus” contract
All the repair and maintenance cost have to be provided by Bangladesh Government
Conflict regarding planning
Technology- “Pressurized water reactor” is outdated and unsafe according to specialist
Established near “Farakka Barrage”- get less water in summer season for cooling purpose
Cant tolerate a high level of earthquake
Lack of safe zone surrounding the area (50 Miles)
Difficulties should be faced to evacuate surrounding place in case of any accident
Threat of Terrorist and hacking
Conflict in operation level
Lack of expert and technical manpower
Lack of an institutional and regulatory framework
Unsettled price of fuel
Poor Management of spent fuel
Conflict regarding environmental Impact of Nuclear Power Plant
Impact on Land
Impact on Water
Impact on Human Health & Animal
Impact on forests
Environmental Effects
Waste Disposal
Radioactive waste
This presentation talks about the existing power scenario in India. It gives a statistical idea on the distribution of energy across India, and thus predicts India's future energy demands.
India is the 5th largest power producer in the world with the total power capacity of more than 145,000MW. Despite growth in power generation capacity over various 5-Year Plans, India is facing huge power deficit with peak power deficit of about 16%.
The report provides a snapshot of the power sector in India, including the installed capacity and growth and value chain analysis. It provides overview of the various components of value chain – Generation, Trading, Transmission and Distribution.
The report includes an analysis of the government policies and incentives to boost the total installed capacity and also highlights the key trends and challenges in the power sector.
Competitive landscape identifies the public sector undertakings, domestic and international private players in power sector market. It highlights the presence of each player across the value chain, their installed capacity and key financials.
A detailed project execution schedule including major and minor milestones for a 10 MW Plant. The EPC has been spread over 4 months. In case of larger or smaller power plants, the activities would remain same while the timeline would change
Present scenario of Renewable Energy in BangladeshMustafa Momin
This presentation contains current scenario of Bangladesh renewable energy sector as of 29th May, 2017. It contains the feasibility of solar power plant in Bangladesh, government's initiative, latest government plans for solar and other renewable energy, simple financial calculation of solar power plant. There is contact address is given, so it's possible to communicate further if more recent and detail information is needed.
Motorcycle market analysis presentation submitted as part of group assignment on Marketing Basics by our SMP09 group. Presentation submitted to Prof. Ramanuj Majumdar, IIMC Kolkata.
Roopur power plant and iran nuclear conflictImran Sajol
Roopur power plant and iran nuclear conflict
Rooppur Nuclear Power plant & Iran Nuclear Issue
Rooppur Nuclear Power plant
Imran
Rooppur Nuclear Power plant
Proposal was made in 1961 & approved in 1963
Total area needed- 253.90 acres
Will be made and funded by Russia
Estimated cost 12.6 Billion $
Two VVER-1200 reactor power Plant
Output 2.4GWe
Completed within 2025
Why Rooppur Power Plant is needed
Why Rooppur Power Plant is needed (Cont.)
Why Rooppur Power Plant is needed (Cont.)
Stable and Powerful Source
Continuously supply energy for long term
natural uranium can provide about 10000 times more energy than crude oil
Make a few amount of wastes compare to others
Transportation cost of raw material is also low for nuclear plant
Historical evidence of nuclear power plant accidents
afif
Accident at Chernobyl Nuclear Plant
INES level 7 (worst nuclear accident ever)
Happened due to technical problem
releasing radiation into the atmosphere and cutting off the flow of coolant into the reactor
Thirty-one deaths are directly attributed to the accident, all among the reactor staff and emergency workers
50 emergency workers who died soon after the accident from acute radiation syndrome
nine children who have died of thyroid cancer and 116,000 needed to be evacuated.
Accident at Fukushima Nuclear Plant
Following a major earthquake, a 15-metre tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of three Fukushima Daiichi reactors
INES Level 5
Four reactors were written off due to damage in the accident
No Death or sickness causes of radiation but 1000 died for the evacuation process
Over 100000 peopled needed to be evacuated
Conflict regarding Financial Issue
1 Rooppur Power Plant = 2 Coal Plant + 3 Padma Bridge
Maintenance and Operation cost will be 200 Million dollar per year for the next 40 years.
90% of the cost is loaned from Russian govt. and Uranium will be brought from Russia also.
It is actually a “cost plus” contract
All the repair and maintenance cost have to be provided by Bangladesh Government
Conflict regarding planning
Technology- “Pressurized water reactor” is outdated and unsafe according to specialist
Established near “Farakka Barrage”- get less water in summer season for cooling purpose
Cant tolerate a high level of earthquake
Lack of safe zone surrounding the area (50 Miles)
Difficulties should be faced to evacuate surrounding place in case of any accident
Threat of Terrorist and hacking
Conflict in operation level
Lack of expert and technical manpower
Lack of an institutional and regulatory framework
Unsettled price of fuel
Poor Management of spent fuel
Conflict regarding environmental Impact of Nuclear Power Plant
Impact on Land
Impact on Water
Impact on Human Health & Animal
Impact on forests
Environmental Effects
Waste Disposal
Radioactive waste
This presentation talks about the existing power scenario in India. It gives a statistical idea on the distribution of energy across India, and thus predicts India's future energy demands.
India is the 5th largest power producer in the world with the total power capacity of more than 145,000MW. Despite growth in power generation capacity over various 5-Year Plans, India is facing huge power deficit with peak power deficit of about 16%.
The report provides a snapshot of the power sector in India, including the installed capacity and growth and value chain analysis. It provides overview of the various components of value chain – Generation, Trading, Transmission and Distribution.
The report includes an analysis of the government policies and incentives to boost the total installed capacity and also highlights the key trends and challenges in the power sector.
Competitive landscape identifies the public sector undertakings, domestic and international private players in power sector market. It highlights the presence of each player across the value chain, their installed capacity and key financials.
A detailed project execution schedule including major and minor milestones for a 10 MW Plant. The EPC has been spread over 4 months. In case of larger or smaller power plants, the activities would remain same while the timeline would change
Present scenario of Renewable Energy in BangladeshMustafa Momin
This presentation contains current scenario of Bangladesh renewable energy sector as of 29th May, 2017. It contains the feasibility of solar power plant in Bangladesh, government's initiative, latest government plans for solar and other renewable energy, simple financial calculation of solar power plant. There is contact address is given, so it's possible to communicate further if more recent and detail information is needed.
Motorcycle market analysis presentation submitted as part of group assignment on Marketing Basics by our SMP09 group. Presentation submitted to Prof. Ramanuj Majumdar, IIMC Kolkata.
Are you likely to be hit by a drone? (by Anders La Cour-Harbo)TUS Expo
At TUS Nordics 2017, Anders La Cour-Harbo gave the presentation ‘Are you likely to be hit by a drone?’ in our Security & Safety track, on Thursday 12 October 2017.
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on May 29 this year said: “We will never compromise on the issues of safety. During my discussion with President Vladimir Putin, I requested him to give us the safest and the latest reactors. He has given me his assurance in this regard. Russia has also agreed to remove the spent fuel in reactors and take the waste back to their country safely.”
Presentation to the speech President SE NNEGC “Energoatom” Yuriy Nedashkovsky...НАЕК «Енергоатом»
Presentation to the speech President SE NNEGC “Energoatom” Yuriy Nedashkovsky at the Ukrainian Energy Forum 2017 of Adam Smith Conferences (02.03.3017)
Program: Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Semester: 5)
Course: Power Plant Engineering
Lecture 15
Unit 5: Nuclear Power Plants
5.2 Nuclear Fuels & Nuclear Reactors
5.3 Adv. & Disadv. Of Nuclear Power Plants
5.4 Introduction to AERB and IAEA (Regulating Agencies)
Presented by : Prof. Rushikesh Sonar, Sandip Polytechnic, Nashik
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
1. Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant
1
Submitted by
Md. Najmul Hosain
MSc in NSE
Student ID: 1016280017
11/26/2016
Presentation on
Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST)
2. Presentation Outline
2
• Introduction
• Present Condition of Bangladesh
• Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant
• RNPP at a Glance
• Safety Standards for RNPP
• A video clip on RNPP
• Conclusion
11/26/2016
7. Present Condition of Bangladesh
Source- Workshop on Energy Assessment and Pre-feasibility/feasibility
Studies for Nuclear Power Program
link - http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloadable/Meetings/2014/2014-03-17-03-21-
WSINIG/DAY1/COUNTRY/Bangladesh_Presentation_at_Korea_17-21_March_2014.pdf11/26/2016 7
8. So, what do we do?
8
Nuclear can be a solution.
11/26/2016
9. Ruppur Nuclear Power Plant
In 1961, first proposed to build a
nuclear power plant.
Accordingly that year Govt.
acquired 253.90 acre of land in
Ruppur in Pabna district.
In 1963, the plant was approved.
911/26/2016
10. Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant
After the independence in
1974 Bangladesh Govt.
started discussion with
Russia, which was not
successful.
Finally, in February 2011,
Bangladesh got an
agreement with Russia to
build RNPP.
1011/26/2016
11. Ruppur Nuclear Power Plant
The inter-govt agreement (IGA)
was officially signed on 2
November 2011.
Prime Minister of Bangladesh (
Sheikh Hasina ) laying the
foundation stone of Bangladesh’s
first nuclear power plant on 2
October 2013.
1111/26/2016
12. RNPP at a Glance
Capacity : 2400MW with two units
of 1200 MW each.
Technology: VVER-1200 ( Water-
Water Energetic Reactor), Russian.
Generation of Reactor: GEN-III+
Fuel: 235 Uranium Dioxide.
1211/26/2016
13. RNPP at a Glance
Construction by: State Atomic
Energy Corporation, Rosatom, Russia.
Cost of the Project: $12.65 billion
Russia: $11.385 (90%)
BD : $1.265 (10%)
Opening: Targeted Launch of 1st unit
in year 2022 and 2nd in year 2023.
Longevity: 60 years and extend to
another 20 years.
1311/26/2016
14. Safety Standards for RNPP
Third-generation technology .
Protected by Five layers of security.
“Post-Fukushima” safety features(
can work for 72 hrs in any critical or
emergency Sit).
Russia will take back the nuclear
waste generated by the plant.
1411/26/2016
16. Conclution
16
Feasible if fulfilled all standards. Safety has to be
the main concern than economic facts. Countries
long term benefit has to be ensured in all
contracts from all sides. A Bangladeshi nuclear
specialist team has to be raised.
11/26/2016
You may not want to discuss every point on this slide. The left hand column focuses on issues that students in a marketing class may find interesting. The right hand column may be more appropriate for an operations management class.
For additional information see:
Linton, Jonathan D., Robert Klassen, and Vaidyanathan Jayaraman. 2007. Sustainable supply chains: An introduction. Journal of Operations Management 25 (6):1075-1082.
A discussion of the waste generated by packaging will be a good lead in to the video on the following slide. Note that a small change in Puma’s packaging resulted in significant savings.
The discussion of the triple bottom line on this slide and the following two slides was taken from Carter, Craig R., and Dale S. Rogers. 2008. A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 38 (5):360-387.
A review of the above article is strongly recommended.
The triple bottom line recognizes there are activities in which organizations may engage that not only have a positive effect on society and the environment, but also create long-term economic benefits and a ‘sustainable’ competitive advantage.
However, it must be recognized that long-term sustainability requires long-term investment and a shift in how companies do business. Companies must look for those opportunities which improve the bottom line by improving environmental and social issues.
The discussion of the triple bottom line on this slide and the following two slides was taken from Carter, Craig R., and Dale S. Rogers. 2008. A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 38 (5):360-387.
A review of the above article is strongly recommended.
The triple bottom line recognizes there are activities in which organizations may engage that not only have a positive effect on society and the environment, but also create long-term economic benefits and a ‘sustainable’ competitive advantage.
However, it must be recognized that long-term sustainability requires long-term investment and a shift in how companies do business. Companies must look for those opportunities which improve the bottom line by improving environmental and social issues.
The discussion of the triple bottom line on this slide and the following two slides was taken from Carter, Craig R., and Dale S. Rogers. 2008. A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 38 (5):360-387.
A review of the above article is strongly recommended.
The triple bottom line recognizes there are activities in which organizations may engage that not only have a positive effect on society and the environment, but also create long-term economic benefits and a ‘sustainable’ competitive advantage.
However, it must be recognized that long-term sustainability requires long-term investment and a shift in how companies do business. Companies must look for those opportunities which improve the bottom line by improving environmental and social issues.
Transparency and Risk Management:
Sustainability must consider “biodiversity loss, climate change, freshwater scarcity, food insecurity, and population growth." p. 366
Being aware of the risks associated with the supply chain may lower risk of new regulation or harm to reputation. It may also enhance an organization’s ability to take advantage of opportunities. In addition, management of risk through contingency planning may make the supply chain more resilient.
Transparency throughout the supply chain in regard to sustainability issues is necessary to appropriately manage risk. Organizations must make information available to stakeholders and ensure that there is knowledge of supplier operations.
Strategy:
Sustainability may not be a separate program from an organization’s overall corporate strategy. Treating it as a separate strategy results in less ‘buy in’ from the organization as a whole.
Organizational Culture:
The culture of the organization must change so that sustainability issues are considered in every decision. For example, purchasing managers must be encouraged to consider supplier sustainability in addition to supplier cost and service levels.
Operational: (See: Tibben-Lembke, R. S., & Rogers, D. S. 2002. Differences between forward and reverse logistics in a retail environment. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 7(5), pp.271 - 282)
Information not consistent—retailers do not send enough/correct information back to suppliers; most companies that are successful in forward supply chain processes typically are not designed to handle reverse product flow (lack of training/education); different products require different repairs, and forward supply chains cannot handle all these variations
Roles—roles of manufacturers, distributors and retailers, and customers are evolving
Manufacturer—pressure to adhere to legal standards and customer demands
Distributors/retailers—online sales, generous return policies, free shipping, lack of human interface cause greater amounts of returned items
Customers—more demanding and conditioned to easy return policies. Ryder System, a logistics and transportation provider, found that 75% of electronic devices were returned with no fault found
Product: Quantity, quality/value, shortened product life cycle
Quantity—% of products returned has been escalating; last year in retail industry, about $185B products are returned;
quality/value—varies from defects/dysfunctional, damaged, to excellent condition; but still expect same level of quality in both new products and reconditioned products. Value of product—costs increase due to evaluation of product being subjective
Shortened life cycle—quick returns before product becomes obsolete and can hurt company’s strategic and financial performance
Financial: Costs—can cost up to 4-5 times more than forward SC and on average, about 12 times as many steps to process returns; U.S. companies alone can spend up to $100B per year. See: Blanchard, D. 2009. Moving Ahead by Mastering the Reverse Supply Chain. IndustryWeek: May 27.
Technological—difficult to develop and obtain competent and well-suited technological system to fully support reverse SC operations; most technologies for reverse SC cannot be used interchangeably with forward SC