Financial statement analysis

1. Introduction
As of April 2017, 30 countries world are operating 449 nuclear reactors for electricity
generation and 60 nuclear plants are under construction in 15 countries. Nuclear power plant
provided 11% of the world’s electricity production on 2014. In 2016, 13 countries relied on
nuclear energy to supply at least one quarter of their total electricity.
Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant is an under construction 2.4 GWe Nuclear power plant in
Bangladesh. The nuclear power plant is under construction at Rooppur, adjoining Paskey, in the
Iswardiupozilla of Pabna District, on the Bank of the river Padma, 87 miles (140Km) west of
Dhaka, in the North West of the Country. It will be country’s first Nuclear power Plant, and the
first of two units is expected to go into operation in 2023. It is to be built by the Russian Rosatom
State Atomic Energy Corporation. The Proposal was made in 1961. Government took 254 Acres
(103 Ha) of land in that year to build the plant. In 2009 the Bangladesh Government again
started discussion with the Russian government and on 13th
February the two governments
signed a Memorandum of Understanding.
In 2013 a group of Bangladeshi Scientists and the Global Diaspora voiced profound
concern over the safety and economic visibility of the plant. Concerned raised due to some
incidents like the Fukushima Dalichi Nuclear Disaster was an energy accident at the Fukushima
Dalichi Nuclear Plant in Okuma, Fukushima prefecture, initiated preliminary by the tsunami
following the Tohoku earthquake on 11 March 2011. Bangladesh is a densely populated area
which is around 1252 people per square kilometer and a disaster like this will have effect of
around 150 years with huge casualties. Moreover Bangladesh doesn’t have expertise or
experience of maintaining situations related to this technology and we will have to be dependent
on foreign expertise that will always have advantage over ours, so there is an issue of national
power security. On the other hand nuclear power plant has the minimal operating cost compared
to other types of power plants which is positive site for reduction of price in electricity units.
Countries around the world who have already gone into nuclear power sources of electricity have
slowly started to shift into renewable sources of electricity so it is a prolong debate on the fact
that whether Bangladesh should move to nuclear source or renewable source for electricity
production considering the operating expense for both the sources as well as environmental
hazards, long term power security and risks.

2. General Background Information
The present government is committed to elevate the country to the status of a middle
income country by 2021 and a developed country by 2041. For this vision to be materialized a
huge supply of energy in the form of electricity will be required in a secured and affordable
manner. Our indigenous resource of primary energy would be inadequate to meet the entire
demand.
Globally, nuclear power is considered to be one of the cheapest and reliable sources of
electricity. Virtually, it emits no greenhouse gases. Bangladesh produced 56 TWh gross in 2014,
giving per capita consumption of 320 kWh/yr. Some 46 TWh in 2014 was from natural gas and 8
TWh from oil (IEA data). Electricity demand is rising rapidly (9% in FY 2013) and capacity was
11.3 GWe in January 2014, plus some 500 MWe of import capacity from West Bengal in India,
which in 2012 provided over 5% of electricity (but none in 2014). PTC India, which already has
agreements to supply 290 MWe, has offered to supply 400 MWe from a new coal-fired plant at
Haldia in West Bengal, at US$ 0.084/kWh, via a new transmission line.
About 20% of the population remains without electricity either from grid or local solar
installations (over four million households), and those relying on the grid experience frequent
power cuts. Some 5.0% of government expenditure is being allocated to ‘power and energy’. The
government plans for the whole country to be accessible to the grid by 2021, and the Rural
Electrification Board has drawn up ambitious plans to connect 2.7 million more households by
then. (figures published by the Bangladesh government's Power Division.)
The Power System Master Plan 2010 forecast demand of 19 GWe in 2021 and 34 GWe
in 2030, hence requiring generation capacity of 39 GWe in 2030. The government aimed for 24
GWe of new capacity by 2021, including the first nuclear contribution. The plan is for domestic
coal 30%, imported coal 20%, natural gas (including LNG) 25%, liquid fuel 5%, nuclear,
renewable energy and power imports 20%.
Considering international experience, Bangladesh has decided to develop its own nuclear
power programme. The government has plans to generate at least 4000MW electricity from
nuclear sources by 2030, which will be about 10 percent of the total targeted electricity
generation.
The country has already made considerable progress in establishing the first ever nuclear
power plant at Rooppur. Dr Mohammad Shawkat Akbar, Project Director of the Rooppur Nuclear
Power Plant (RNPP), informs that the government is planning to observe the First Concrete
Pouring Day (FCD) at the end of October or in mid- November this year. On that day, the
construction of the main power plant will be officially launched. It is expec-ted that the first and
second unit of RNPP, each with the capacity of 1200MW, will be in commercial operation in 2022
and 2023, respectively.

3. Russia is the key partner in this project in terms of both financial and technological
support. According to the Inter-governmental Credit Agreement signed between Bangladesh and
Russia on July 26, 2016, Russia will provide USD 11.38 billion of the total cost of USD 12.65
billion for the construction of RNPP. On the technical side, the RNPP owner organization,
Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), signed a general contract with Russian JSC
Atomstroyexport for RNPP on December 2015. The nuclear power plant will be an AES-2006
type (Novovoronezh NPP-2) consisting of two power units with VVER-1200 reactors. The
Russian organization is responsible for supplying all the necessary equipment and nuclear fuel
as well as training the project management team and the RNPP operational and maintenance
personnel. Bangladesh has also signed two inter-governmental and inter-agency agreements
with India under which the Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership (GCNEP) of India will
provide training and consultancy services for the implementation of the RNPP project.
The history of nuclear power in Bangladesh dates back to early 1960s. The proposal for
introduction of nuclear power plant (NPP) in our country was made in 1961. Among potential
twenty sites, the Rooppur NPP site was selected based on the then international practices and
the plant was approved in 1963. Rooppur NPP site is located in the People’s Republic of
Bangladesh, on the eastern (left )side of the river Padma (the local name for the lower reaches of
the Ganges River), 160 km north-west of the capital -the city Dhaka, 21 km north-west from the
city of Pabna, at a distance of about 8 km from the center of the sub-district Ishurdi .Site territory
is located between 89° 02' and 89° 03' East longitude and between 24° 03' and 24° 04' North
latitude.
Before liberation war and after the independence of Bangladesh, several feasibility
studies for implementation of Rooppur NPP project were conducted but none was successful. In
the meantime, pre-project phase activities were initiated during the period 1997-2021.
Bangladesh Nuclear Power Action Plan was adopted in 2000 but after that no real progress was
achieved.
Bangladesh government has taken a practical step for implementation of nuclear power
programme from the beginning of 2009. The early activities included a detailed road map
addressing all infrastructure requirements. We adopted the IAEA’s Milestones approach and
followed the steps required for each of the 19 infrastructure issues to build Rooppur NPP.
Bangladesh established its NEPIO (Nuclear Energy Programme Implementing Organization) in
2010 based on the IAEA concept to monitor progress of nuclear power programme and Rooppur
NPP project and coordinate all the required activities among the various implementing
organizations/ministries involved in nuclear infrastructure development.
The National Committee Chaired by the Honourable Prime Minister is providing
necessary directives and oversees the development of national infrastructure; establishment of

4. the ownership pattern, project execution approach, selection of reactor technology, funding
mechanism and HRD for Rooppur NPP project; capacity building in NPP owner/operating
organization, strengthening nuclear regulatory and legislative infrastructure and creation of
nuclear security infrastructure. Besides, the National Committee, a Technical Committee headed
by the Honourable Minister, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and a Working Group
and eight Sub-Groups headed by Secretary, MOST have been formed to monitor progress of the
project activities and coordinate among various relevant organizations and stakeholders–
regulatory authority, NPP owner-operator, grid operator, transport authority, power development
board, relevant law enforcement agencies, academic, research and educational institutions.
The IAEA has been supporting Bangladesh from its early phase of nuclear power
programme. The Agency (IAEA) has been organizing training courses, workshops, fellowship
and scientific visit programmes, educational seminars and with access to accumulated expertise
in nuclear power to develop human resource of our country. A PC-based generic VVER-1200
training simulator facility has been established with the help of IAEA. The Agency’s Integrated
Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) mission conducted in 2011 recognized that Bangladesh has
progressed in building its first NPP. The INIR mission team concluded that Bangladesh reached
Milestone 1, having “made a knowledgeable decision” regarding its nuclear power program and
the country had progressed into Phase 2, in the stage of preparation to negotiate the
agreement(s)/contract(s) with the selected NPP vendor. The INIR mission provided
recommendations and suggestions on how to make further improvements. An Integrated Work
Plan (IWP) for Bangladesh infrastructure development was developed through collaboration of
the IAEA for the period 2012-2015 that provided a framework for the IAEA assistance to
Bangladesh. Bangladesh had initiated its actions responding to all recommendations and
suggestions provided by the 2011 INIR mission.
A follow-up INIR mission was conducted during 10-14 May 2016, to assess the progress
of Bangladesh in the requirements and suggestions provided previously by 2011 mission. The
follow-up mission report concluded that Bangladesh had made a notable progress in the areas of
Management, Funding and Financing, Legislative Framework, Safeguards, Regulatory
Framework, Electrical Grid, Human Resource Development, Stakeholder Involvement, Site and
Supporting Facility, Environmental Protection, Emergency Planning, Nuclear Fuel Cycle,
Radioactive Waste, Industrial Involvement and Procurement. Based on the reports of the
follow-up mission and taking into account the progress of Rooppur NPP project, the IWP has
been updated covering the period 2016 – 2019. We are implementing the IWP under the close
cooperation of the Agency for developing national competency for successful construction and
commissiong of Rooppur NPP.
Bangladesh has created the legislative framework through a comprehensive nuclear law
“Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority Act” that empowers the authority with the

5. power, independence and resources it needs to carry out its function and responsibilities. The
regulatory framework is established through formation of “Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory
Authority (BAERA” in 2012. The authority has been developing its competency for developing
licensing process and performing regulatory supervision of activities at different phases of the
project. BAERA is committed for undertaking its responsibilities in ensuring the highest standards
of safety and security for Rooppur NPP.
Bangladesh developed a robust human resources strategy that identifies the scale and
expertise needed for successful implementation of the programme and the project. Bangladesh
has developed the required key competency for infrastructure development and project
management through cooperation of international partners and then started developing the new
and necessary manpower required for Rooppur NPP under the provision of the General Contrcat
so that trained manpower for the plant would be available from the commissioning phase of the
plant. Our human resource development programme for Rooppur NPP includes education and
on the job training and mentoring. The country has introduced nuclear engineering educations at
undergraduate and graduate levels in the reputed academic institutions and also providing
scholarships to Bangladeshi studuents for higher education in abroad.
Over the years, the NPP siting activities have been evolved. The IAEA developed the
NPP siting criteria and site safety evaluation methodology. As Roopppur site was selected long
time ago based on the then criterias, in order to examine the suitability of the site and to
introduce the features of Rooppur site to the IAEA and the vendor country, BAEC conducted Site
Resource Investigation to derive site related data and information based on site specific issues,
namely demographic, geotechnical, meteorological, hydrological features through involvement of
national organizations, namely BUET, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh Water Development
Board, Bangladesh Meterological Department, Survey of Bangladesh, Geological Survey of
Bangladesh, Institute of Water Modelling, etc. during the period 2009- 2012.
The IAEA Preparatory Mission for Site Evaluation of Rooppur NPP site was conducted
during the period 10 -14 July 2011 to review the site reports and siting activities. The site
suitability was justified; the IAEA mission recommended for performance of site assessment
activities focusing on the geotechnical aspects and geomorphology, hydrological hazards and
river morphology based on the IAEA guidelines. After Fukushima NPP accident, the IAEA gave
emphasis on the site safety aspects and engineering solutions to increase resistance of plants to
extreme natural events and recommended that the vendors should revise the site safety
features- into their designs with adequate features to increase robustness of their designs to
extreme natural events. Bangladesh decided to conduct the detailed site assessment study as a
component of the project of NPP construction through the involvement of a NPP design
organization of the vendor country.
NPPs have long-life times and low running costs, but they require high up-front cost
which was identified as one of the key issues and challenges in implementation of NPP

6. projects.There is no single approach that can be applied globally to meet the financing
challenges. Government’s robust commitment and consistent support, high degrees of
involvement, viable business model and sovereign guarantee are essential prerequisites for
financing of the NPP project. Experiences learnt from the past, Bangladesh recognized that a
complete solution from the vendor sources for the implementation of the project along with
financing will be a suitable option for Rooppur project. Bangladesh has adopted a policy to
finance Rooppur NPP project under a bilateral arrangement with vendor country with low-cost-
loans with a longer payback period in one hand and decided to go with an experienced vendor
who agreed to a fixed price contract for construction of the country’s first NPP on the other hand.
Bangladesh signed an Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) with Russian Federation for
cooperation concerning the construction of two VVER-type reactor power units at Rooppur NPP
site on 2nd November, 2011. The scope of the IGA included design, construction, installation,
start up and commissioning and warranty operation of the Rooppur NPP, financing, fuel supply
during the entire operational period of the power units, take-back of spent fuel to Russian
Federation, education and training of Rooppur NPP personnel, cooperation for operation and
maintenance of the plant, management of radioactive waste and decommissioning of the plant
and other services. Under the provision of the IGA, the governments of Bangladesh and Russian
Federation signed an intergovernmental credit agreement (IGCA) of $ 500 million state export
credit on 15 January 15, 2013 for financing the preparatory stage construction activities of
Rooppur NPP. Bangladesh also signed another IGCA amounting $11.385 billion on 26 July 2016
for financing the construction of the 2,400MW nuclear power plant at Rooppur.
The key stakeholders of the NPP project are the government, politicians, officials, public,
nuclear regulatory authority, business group, media, educational institutions, scientific
community, IAEA, vendor country and neighbouring country. We assumed that public and
stakeholder engagement is essential, not optional. Bangladesh developed a joint action plan,
signed a Strategy for Promoting Communication in Bangladesh Nuclear Power with Russian
party for 2015–2021, which stipulates promotion of public awareness of the basic principles of
nuclear energy, its benefits, safety and environmental sustainability among the society. Different
media personnel, professionals, government senior officials, national and local political leaders,
IAEA experts, university students and other stakeholders are being informed about Rooppur
NPP technology by visiting the reference plant in Russia as well as our construction site.

7. Parties In Favor of Rooppur Power Plant
1. Tawfiq e-elahiChowdhury (Adviser (Minister) to the Prime Minister Power, Energy
and Mineral Resources Affairs
Dr. Tawfiq-e-ElahiChowdhury, BB is Adviser (with the rank and status of a Minister) to the
Prime Minister of Bangladesh for Energy, Power and Mineral Resources since January 2009. On
completion of the five-year term in office in 2013, he has been reappointed in the same capacity
in 2014. The Prime Minister holds the portfolio of the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral
Resources.
Under the audacious and visionary leadership of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina,
Bangladesh witnessed unprecedented growth in power and energy sector during 2009-2015. For
instance, power generation increased by 250%, access to electricity increased from 47% to 78 %
and more than 4 million solar home systems were installed.
Dr. Chowdhury was born in 1945, studied Economics at the Universities of Dhaka and
Punjab and joined the Civil Service of Pakistan (CSP) in 1968 after a two-year stint as Lecturer in
Economics in the Dhaka University.
In 1971, abandoning his job in the central government of Pakistan as the Sub-Divisional
Officer of Meherpur, Kushtia, he joined the Liberation War of Bangladesh, was commissioned in
the Bangladesh Armed Forces and appointed as sub-sector Commander of Sector 8. Decorated
for gallantry (BirBikram) against the occupation Pakistan Army, DrChowdhury was one of the
chief organizers of the historic event of the Declaration of Independence and the swearing-in
ceremony of the first Government of Bangladesh in Mujibnagar, Meherpur on April 17, 1971.
Later he reverted to the civil service and after several assignments, went for higher
studies at Leeds University, UK (1975) and did his PhD from Harvard University, USA (1983). He
was CEO and Managing Director of the Industrial Bank of Bangladesh. Dr. Chowdhury served as
Secretary to the Government of Bangladesh for nearly a decade in the Ministries of Food,
Statistics, Power Energy & Mineral Resources and Planning. He was a Visiting Fellow at the
Economic Growth Centre of the Yale University. Dr. Chowdhury retired in 2002 and later worked
as a consultant to, among others, UN agencies and multilateral organizations.
Dr. Chowdhury has authored several books and published articles in reputed journals. Dr.
Chowdhury is married to AsmaTawfiq and has two daughters: Bushra and Mehnaz. He enjoys
reading, gardening, music, travelling and golf.

8. 2. Nasrul Hamid (Bipu)(Honorable State Minister Ministry of Power, Energy and
Mineral Resources)
Nasrul Hamid (Bipu) is the State minister of the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral
Resources of the Government of Bangladesh People’s Republic of Bangladesh.He is a member
of parliament, his constituency being Dhaka- 3; the larger Keraniganj region & is a member of the
Bangladesh Awami League.
Nasrul Hamid’s first foray into business came with the death of his father, when he took
up the charge of Managing Director of his father’s company, Greenways Corporation Limited. He
worked primarily with Cold Storage. Later, Mr. Hamid started his own venture called
Priyoprangon, a property development and real-estate firm, which went on to become very
successful. He was one of the founding members Real Estate and Housing Association of
Bangladesh or REHAB. He later went on to become the President of REHAB from 3.05.2010 to
11.01.2014.
Parties opposing Rooppur Power Plant
1. TransparencyInternational Bangladesh (TIB)
Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB) began its activities as a Trust in 1996. In
1998 it obtained the approval of the Government of Bangladesh for registration as a non-
governmental organisation.
TIB has since been working as a catalyst of social movement against corruption. It has
elaborate research and advocacy programmes for policy change and institutional reform for
creating conditions for reducing corruption and promoting good governance in Bangladesh.
Since its establishment TIB has undertaken various activities, research, information,
dissemination, campaign and advocacy to bring about greater awareness amongst the general
public of the nature, extent and implications of corruption in Bangladesh across all sectors public,
private and non-governmental.
One of the early conclusions that TIB has reached is that fighting corruption and
promoting transparent, accountable and efficient governance requires active and concerted
citizen's effort. TIB has, therefore, given priority to mobilizing and drawing support from
constituencies of citizens by forming watchdog bodies Committees of Concerned Citizens
(CCCs) as a deterrent force against corruption, not only in key sectors of public service.
TIB has devoted itself to the task of mobilizing a social movement to curb corruption and
to promote good governance in the public, private and non-governmental sectors through greater

9. accountability, transparency and public participation. The main objective of TIB is to catalyze a
conducive environment for reduction of poverty and promotion of justice and human security.
2. National Committee to Protect Oil, Gas, Mineral Resources, Power and Ports.
Anu Muhammad is a professor at Jahangirnagar University where he has been teaching
economics since 1982 and taught anthropology from 1991 to 2005. He was a visiting professor
at the University of Winnipeg and the University of Manitoba in 2001 and worked at Columbia
University as a visiting scholar in 1993. His research and written work focus on such areas as
current economic and political problems in Bangladesh, political economy, globalisation, social
transformation, gender issues, non-governmental organisations, environment, and energy. He is
the member-secretary of the citizen's movement platform called National Committee to Protect
Oil-Gas-Mineral Resources-Power and Ports.
Justifications of Parties in Favor
Rooppur NPP, the first NPP of Bangladesh, is one of the latest addition to the Russian
VVER (Water-cooled Water-moderated Power Reactor) reactor plant of AES –2006 (VVER –
1200, V-392M) technology by adopting the site specific safety features. The design of Rooppur
NPP reactor Unit 1 and Unit 2 is developed based on VVER-1200 reactor plant with elaboration
of designing, equipment manufacturing, construction and commissioning experience of
Novovoronezh NPP-II and experiences in operation of the most recent VVER reactors in Russia
and abroad. The high quality of engineering solution and design documentation has been
developed based on application of the modern Russian rules, regulations and standards,
recommendations of the IAEA, EUR, INSAG, ICRP, IEC, ISO and other international
recommendations and the domestic regulatory requirements and site specific seismic and
climatic conditions of Rooppur NPP site.
Technical Features: The main feature of Rooppur NPP is its simple design. Each reactor
unit comprises a reactor and four circulation loops, each of which includes circulation pipelines,
reactor coolant pump and horizontal steam generator. The Rooppur NPP will have some special
technical features with added capability that differentiates it from other VVER NPPs currently
in operation. One of the main advantages of Rooppur NPP is the increased service life of main
equipment to 60 years without necessity of its replacement. The turbine plant major equipment
also have a service life of 50 years.
The main equipment is accessible for carrying out in-service inspection that will allow to
perform scheduled preventive maintenance of equipment in due time. Some of the key technical
characteristics NPP are listed in Table 1.

10. Parameter Value
Reactor nominal thermal power 3200 MW
Maximum Utilization Factor Over 90%
Operation mode Base load
Service life of irreplaceable equipment of Reactor Plant main equipment At least 60 years
Maximum linear heat flux 420 W/cm
Time of fuel operation (cycle )in reactor 4 to 5 years
Period between refueling 12 months
Table 1: Technical Characteristics of Rooppur NPP reactor Unit 1 and Unit 2
Safety Features: The design of Rooppur NPP meets the high level of safety required
worldwide for future NPP. The lessons learnt from the major nuclear accidents of Chernobyl,
Three Miles Island and Fukushima accidents were incorporated in the design by defense in
depth principle. Reliable five layers of barriers prevent the radiation exposure to people and
environment even in the worst-case scenario as shown in Figure-1.
Figure 1: Five layers of barriers against the radiation exposure to people and environment
The safety system of Rooppur NPP is based on active safety systems with both normal
and emergency power supply. To prevent severe accidents or mitigate their consequences,

11. passive safety systems are envisaged which function without the involvement of the NPP
personnel and do not require any power supply. In case of a severe accident with extreme power
loss due to grid failure (like Fukushima NPP accident) the Rooppur NPP will remain safely shut-
down for at-least 72 hours without the involvement of external assistance and off-site power
supply.
The active and passive safety systems with 2 to 4 times redundancy and diversity will
make this plant a real safe one. The active safety systems icludes emergency and planned
cooldown protection system, high pressure emergency injection system, emergency boron
injection system, emergency feed water system, emergency gas removal system, primary and
secondary circuit overpressure protection system, spray system, containment isolation system,
intermediate circuit and service water supply, ventilation, essential power supply, etc. The
passive safety system of Rooppur NPP are: quick boron injection system, emergency core
cooling system hydro-accumulators, passive containment heat removal system, passive steam
generator heat removal system, hydrogen concentration monitoring and hydrogen passive
recombination system inside containment system, molten corium trap and cooldown system,
etc.There will be also emergency power supply system and standby diesel power station etc.
The site specific features of Rooppur NPP are included into the design with due
consideration that for both natural and man-made disasters and Rooppur NPP will remain safe in
any disastrous situation. Site specific design parameters for natural and man-made impacts are
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Design parameters of Rooppur NPP for Natural and Man-made Impacts
Techno-Economic Features: The Rooppur NPP have some special economic benefits
due to very large generation capacity over a longer service life. Stable fuel and O&M cost also
adds to the benefits from economic perspective. In spite of the huge capital investment during
the construction period, Levelized Cost of Electricity was predicted less than 5 Tk / unit in the

12. Feasibility Study report where as the average generation cost of electricity is much higher than
this rate in the current power generation mix of Bangladesh. Some of the key technical &
economic parameters is shown in Table 3:
Parameter Value
Assigned service life: - power unit
- reactor plant
50 years
60 years
Installed )nominal( capacity -
Gross electrical power generation capacity at generator terminal
Not less than 1150
MWe
Electric power consumption for plant auxiliaries under the design
conditions, % of the power unit nominal electrical capacity
not more than 10%
Net electric power measured on the HV side of the 400 kV
transformer output lines at nominal conditions
Not less than
1030 MW
Utilization factor Minimum 92%
Number of industrial production personnel )specific(, men/MW 0.82
Annual generation of electrical energy at full utilization Over 16 billion unit
Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) 56.73 (USD/MWh)
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 9.5 %
Real return on equity rate 7.84 %
Table 3: Key technical & economic parameters of Rooppur NPP Unit 1 and Unit 2
In addition to economic benefits, Rooppur NPP will bring ample opportunity to the
locals and contribute to the overall GDP growth of the country by adding Financial benefits in
multiple terms.
Radiation Safety Criteria
Radiation safety is organized and implemented to prevent inadmissible effect of
ionizing radiation sources on personnel, population and environment in the Rooppur NPP
location area. The Rooppur NPP is designed in such a way that it will fulfill the fundamental

13. principles and radiation safety norms, as well as to limit radiation impact on environment so
as not to exceed the limits established by national and international organizations.
During normal operation, the exposure doses absorbed by the personnel and
population, and the release of radioactive substances into the environment shall be kept
below the established limits at reasonably achievable and socially and economically justified
low level. The radiation consequences of design basis accident in the worst case would be
limited within 300 meter at the border of sanitary protection zone maintaining the dose limits
as per the regulatory documents. In case of Beyond Design-Basis Accidents, the exposure
doses at the boundary of protective measures planning zone and outside will not exceed the
permissible level.
Justification of Parties opposing
To establish the nuclear power plant in Bangladesh safe- ty and security is a major
consideration from the view of its small (1, 47,570Sqr-Km) densely populated and geo-
graphical area, proper site selection, Water management, natural disaster etc.
The first and major consideration to set a RNPP is the area and density of the
people. According to the interna- tional law the radius of the area of nuclear power station is
30Km.The area is divided in to three circular zone with 3.14(30)2=2,826Sqr Km area.
According to the zone, zone-1 is reactor area, zone-2 is security area and zone-3 is for
planning disaster. The area of zone-1 is a circular area of 3.14 Sqr Km. This area is only for
the people who are working with reactors, others entrance is strictly pro- hibited. The
distance of zone-2 is 5 Km away from the center and the total area of is 3.14 (5)2=78.5Sqr
Km. This area is prohibited for agriculture and industries and only 3 people can leave per
Sqr Km that is the total peo- ple of that zone will be only 200.The distance of zone-3 is 30
Km from the center. This 30 Km area must be free of population. If there are more people
than there will be obstacles for rescuing the people. Developed countries nuclear power
stations are free of population. That is for those reactors among 30Km is free from
population. For example if there is an explosion in RNPP like Three Miles Island than people
leaving there must be trans- ferred 3.14(40)2=5024 Sqr Km area. So if 1000 people leave
per Sqr Km then almost 1000000 people must me transferred from that area. It is quiet
impossible. But the problem can be solved through changing some regulation. According to
the international law some changes is ap- plicable depending the situation. For example
India has changed some regulation to build their nuclear power plant. The have changed the
zonal area. The do this be- cause they have the same problem of large population

14. likeBangladesh. But there is a considerable think that as per there total country area the
population is to very big. Therefore Bangladesh can their policy can be a little bit safe.
The second major problem is earthquake and natural disaster. From the experience
of Fukushima Daiichi Nu- clear Power plant in Japan 9.0 MW earthquake occurred at 14:46
JST on Friday, 11 March 2011 with epicenter near the island of Honshu [15]. It resulted in
maximum ground accelerations of 0.56, 0.52, 0.56 g (5.50, 5.07 and5.48 m/s2) at Units 2, 3
and 5 respectively, above their designed tolerances of 0.45, 0.45 and 0.46 g (4.38, 4.41 and
4.52 m/s2), but values within the design tolerances at Units 1, 4 and 6 [16]. When the
earthquake occurred, the reactors on Units 1, 2, and 3 were operating, but those on Units 4,
5, and 6 had already been shut down for periodic inspection. Units 1, 2 and 3 underwent an
automatic shutdown when the earthquake struck. When the reactors shut down, the plant
stopped generating electricity, stop- ping the normal source of power for the plant. The situa-
tion at impacted nuclear reactors is, in the words of IAEA, an "Accident with Local
Consequences.” The Japanese earthquake and tsunami are natural catastrophes of historic
proportions. The tragic loss of life and de- struction caused by the earthquake and tsunami
will likely dwarf the damage caused by the problems associ- ated with the impacted
Japanese nuclear plants. From the experience of Japan Bangladesh is in an earthquake
zone and Bangladesh experienced the four major earthquakes between 7-8.5 Mw. So there
is a threat for nuclear power plant in Bangladesh. The subsoil investigations, geotech- nical,
site specific seismic hazard assessment are the spe- cific areas for major consideration for
the selection of the site. According to the seismic zoning map Bangladesh is divided in to
zone-1, zone-2 and zone-3.Rooppur site is in zone-3 which is seismically quiet. No indication
of surface faulting around RNPP has been realized. The peak ground acceleration (PGA) is
estimated 0.18g for the return period of 2475 years which is much smaller than the designed
basis PGA values of nuclear reactors. From the seismic hazard analysis and sub-soil
investiga- tion, any heavy structure like RNPP with the design basis PGA values above 0.2g-
0.25g could withstand a 7.5-9.5 Mw earthquake and can damage the RNPP in future.
Nuclear power projects are considered to be a milestone in the development history of a
country. Besides generating power, these projects have spin-off benefits for the overall
socio-economic development of a nation. Bangladesh has embarked upon the Rooppur
Nuclear Power Plant project to realize the enormous potential of using nuclear energy for
peaceful purposes. Successful completion, operation and maintenance of the project will
make our nuclear aspirations come true.
TheRooppur nuclear power plant can be a matter of joy for a group of people who
have vested interest. Inevitably they are not critical of some vital issues. This plant can turn
out to be the cause of endless misery for Bangladesh in future. The government is, on the

15. one hand, advertising this plant as the ‘safest’; it has already passed an indemnity law to
legally shield and absolve itself from being responsible for any future accident and
economical loss, on the other. This plant is being constructed in the name of fuel
diversification, but our creeping educational system and inadequate research and
development facility are compelling us to become increasingly dependent foreign resources
and bodies. Successive governments have pursued the Rooppur nuclear power plant as an
option for long-term energy security, but without long term uranium supply contract, it is
nothing but a persisting burden. Bangladesh’s power sector is struggling to provide the
country with continuous electricity supply. At the moment, about 35 per cent people are out
of grid connectivity. It is undoubtedly true that this sector needs to improve drastically but
that development should not come at the expense of our energy independence, safety and
security. We need to question the fact that why after having so much technological
innovation in hand, Japan failed to prevent Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011,
we need to find out the reason behind Germany’s decision of nuclear phase out by 2022, we
need to realise the logic behind Australia’s decision of not having a single nuclear power
plant despite having the largest uranium reserve in the world. The veneration of 3rd
generation plus technology for Rooppur nuclear power plant is nothing but an advertising
tool of nuclear industry.
Improvement of technology is a continuous process and it keeps on adding new
feature every day. So, third-generation technology might be the latest one in their basket but
surely not the last one. Russian company Rosatom have won the bid to construct the plant in
Bangladesh and now trying to convince us with post Fukushima standard technology but
who knows there will not be any post Rooppur standard technology after any accident
happen in Bangladesh! Therefore, it is for sure that third-generation plus technology cannot
be the right answer of our concern. Then why should we keep our faith on such
technological development which used to be happening at the expense of immense loss of
lives every time in case of nuclear power! While government is selling the glory of
technological development, we should keep them reminding the loss of hundred thousand
lives in Chernobyl with second generation technology. Not to mention, $188 billion expense
estimation till date for cleaning up the mess of Fukushima nuclear power plant accident
(Reuters, December 9, 2016). Nuclear industry is surviving on misinformation and state
sponsorship. We are observing the same in case of Rooppur 2,400 MW nuclear power plant.
In Bangladesh, 800m area surrounding the nuclear reactor is being considered an
‘exclusion zone’ and it is being advertised that day to day activity is safe outside of this 800m
parameter. But if we take a look into the IAEA safety standard guideline then we will find two
zones surrounding any nuclear reactor. First one is the precautionary action zone which has

16. 5km radius area of any nuclear reactor and it is recommended to have evacuation facility
and preparation for any emergency situation to evacuate the area within 15 minutes notice.
Second zone is the urgent protective action planning zone which has 30km radius area and
it is recommended to have the facility to evacuate the area within 1 hour during any
emergency situation. People of Pabna, Bheramara, Lalpur, Kushtia, Iswardi all are living
within 30km area of proposed Rooppur nuclear power reactor. Are they already informed by
the government regarding the emergency situation? Is there any plan to comply with
international safety and security standard and build infrastructure to evacuate millions of
people within one hour? Would it be possible to build such capacity in Bangladesh within
next few years? To justify Rooppur project, propaganda is going on regarding world nuclear
energy status.
Nuclear power supplied 17.6 per cent of total electrical energy in 1996 which was the
highest production ever. Then it has decreased gradually and in 2016, it has come down to
10.5 per cent (The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2017). Unfortunately, this gradual
declination could not help to demotivate the nuclear devotee in Bangladesh; rather they are
claiming the opposite. For instance, if we consider the nuclear power sector development in
India, then we will find that it took fifty years to install 7 GW (1 GW equals 1,000 MW)
nuclear plant, whereas for solar it took only one decade to come up with 12 GW capacity
plant and their target is to install 160 GW capacity of solar and wind power plant by 2022.
Now per unit electricity from solar and wind power costs lower than Tk 3.5 in India. However,
nuclear industry has always been at the top in terms of getting support from the government.
In 2002–03, the Department of Atomic Energy in India received Rs 33 billion whereas the
ministry of nonconventional energy sources received only Rs 4.7 billion for renewable
energy development (Ramana M V, 2007).In India, there is a special law to accuse involved
companies in case of any malfunctioning or accident in nuclear plant. Even after that
Russian company Rosatom installed substandard equipments, ignored recommendation of
Indian expert community, kept secret the findings in annual report and delayed construction
work of Kudankulam nuclear power station by six years. Now, we can imagine how the same
company Rosatom would treat Bangladesh, particularly in a situation where government has
already passed an indemnity law to protect everyone related to nuclear power project
(Nuclear Power Plant Act 2015). Leak of radiation is very common in nuclear power plant.
However, the concerned authority always denies the truth and that is how this
industry is still surviving. In October 2017, the French public authority of nuclear safety and
security identified a cloud of radioactive isotope ruthenium-106 in European territory which
originated from Russian nuclear facility. Obviously, Russia’s nuclear agency has refused to
accept any such incident (The Guardian, November 21, 2017). In India, on the other hand,

17. 1,733 scientists and employees who used to work in nuclear facility have died in 1995 to
2010. Most of the victims were below fifty years of age (Rediff, October 4, 2010). However,
there was neither any fact finding committee nor any public disclosure about such large
number of untimely death in the so called ‘safe’ nuclear facility. The government of India
formed three committees so far for auditing the safety and security standard of nuclear
power plant, but the recommendations are yet to be implemented because it is related to the
fresh investment of millions of dollars.
With the technological development in other sources power generation, eg renewable
energy is following the downward spiral trend in terms of cost but nuclear power is following
the opposite. For nuclear power, every new feature is coming with an extra cost and with the
advent of new technology it becomes necessary to adopt that to make ‘secured’ nuclear
power more ‘safe and secured’. That’s why predicted cost always falls behind the actual
construction cost. The construction of 75 nuclear reactors was started in USA in between
1966 and 1976. In each of those cases, actual construction cost was found 300 per cent
higher on an average than the estimated cost at the beginning and that trend still continues.
In 2007, France started the construction of 1,570 MW capacity Flamanville nuclear power
plant with 3.3 billion euros cost estimation which was targeted to be completed by 2012 but
the construction is still going on and the revised budget for that plant is 10.5 billion euros till
date. The additional budget of Tk 18,000 crore for Rooppur nuclear plant even before the
construction started makes it evident that we are also preparing to embrace that same ill fate
of budget draining into this project if it can’t be stopped (Jugantor, August 18, 2017).
Contrary to the cost of nuclear power generation, per unit solar and wind power cost reduced
by 82 per cent and 61 per cent respectively in between 2009 and 2015 (LAZARD LCOE
Analysis, 2015).
Explosion is not the only risk for nuclear power plant. This industry comes along with
a set of exploitative tools that affects ecology, environment, economics and health. Rooppur
nuclear power plant is not the means of energy diversification as it is being advertised rather
it is going to be the trap of energy dependency. The government is trying to rationalise its
high initial cost for future benefit, but if we take into account the fact of its costly waste
management and decommissioning activity then we cannot agree more to identify this
project as future burden. Disregarding proper procedure and public consultation, Bangladesh
government is not only constructing the 2.4 GW Rooppur nuclear power plant, but also have
taken plan to install 4.8 GW more capacity of such plant across the country by 2041 which is
nothing but a short-sighted tyrannical vision. For the sake of our energy security and
attaining low cost self-sufficiency, government needs to revisit its current Power Sector

18. Master Plan and put the main focus on energy efficiency, gas sector development and
renewable energy expansion, instead of coal and nuclear power.
Experience from Japan tsunami is also a consideration for Bangladesh to establish
nuclear power plant. But it is great relive for Bangladesh that the site which is selected for
RNPP is out of tsunami. Most of the experts said that Bangladesh may face tsunami in the
Bay of Bengal which can generate 7Mw in rector scale and may cause serious threat. If the
earthquake occurred at a level of 7.5Mw then sea level of Nijhom Dip Island will be raised by
4-5 meter. The water level will raise 2-3 meter s in Cox’s Bazar, Sundarban, Hatia and
estuaries of Megh- na .So these areas will be highly affected during tsunami. On the other
hand RNPP will be located in Pabna which is situated in the South-Western Region of
Bangladesh and there is no big and wide river which will affect the nuclear power plant even
though there is tsunami.
The waste from nuclear power plant in Rooppur is a major consideration. The waste
from nuclear power plant will be radioactive and the wastes will be radioactive. Radioactive
wastes are wastes that contain radioactive material. Around 20–30 tons of high-level wastes
is pro- duced per month per nuclear reactor. There are some 65,000 tons of nuclear waste
now in temporary storage throughout the U.S., but in 2009, President Obama “halted work
on a permanent repository at Yucca Moun- tain in Nevada, following years of controversy
and legal wrangling”[17]. There are three types of waste. High–level, Mill Tailings and
Low level waste. Among these high level waste is most dangerous. During fission, very
harmful radiation rays are released. The most harmful of which are gamma rays. When the
human body is exposed to radiation, it can cause tumors and can do extreme damage to the
reproductive organs. For this reason, problems associated with radioactivity can be passed
on to the victim's children as well. That is why radioactive waste produced by nuclear power
plants is so dangerous. Radioactive fission products could pose a direct radiation hazard,
contaminate soil and vegetation, and be ingested by humans and animals. Human exposure
at high enough levels can cause both short-term illness and death, and longer-term deaths
by cancer and other diseases. So it has seen that radioactive waste can cause a great herm
in Bangladesh if any disaster is occur in the future nu- clear power plant. But there is nothing
to be worried about it. Because there are new waste disposal technolo- gies invented now a
days. Bangladesh can use Experi- mental Breeder Reactor II.A breeder reactor is a nuclear
reactor that generates more fissile material in fuel than it consumes. Breeder Reactor II is
being developed by Ar- gonne National Laboratory in the US; almost 100% of the
transuranic nuclear wastes produced through neutron capture can be caused to fission.
Generally, the fission products created have shorter half-lives and are not as dangerous.
This reactor, dubbed EBR-II, uses liquid so- dium as a coolant, which means that the internal

19. reactor temperature is much, much hotter than that of a normal PWR reactor, which uses
water as a coolant. Another advantage of EBR-II is that its fuel is not weapons grade quality.
When the transuranic wastes are separated from the other wastes in the spent fuel rods, the
resultant mix of isotopes can not be used in a bomb. Thus, the mix can be used as fuel for
EBR-II without a chance of it getting stolen by a terrorist group for use in an explosive
device. Breeder reactors “breed” fuel. That is, they are designed to create 239Pu from 238U
through neutron capture. This “waste” can then be used as fuel.
Terrorism is a great threat for Bangladesh. If RPP is implemented in this country,
then there will be a threat of nuclear terrorism. So security will be a major considera- tion.
According to the CRS report for congress (Received through the CRS Web) nuclear power
plants licensed by NRC must be protected by a series of physical barriers and a trained
security force. The plant sites are divided into three zones: an “owner controlled” buffer
region, a“protected area,” and a “vital area.” Access to the protectedarea is restricted to a
portion of plant employees and mo- nitored visitors, with stringent access barriers. The vital
area is further restricted, with additional barriers and access requirements. The security
force must comply with NRC requirements on pre-hiring investigations and training.
Bangladesh Government can follow their secu- rity policy for tight security. A terrorist attack
on a nu- clear research facility or commercial nuclear power plant could lead to the release
of nuclear material. So to with- stand the terror attack Bangladesh government can make a
taskforce with civil and defense high officials to protect the future nuclear power plant in
Bangladesh. After the 1979 accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear plant Congress
required that all nuclear power plants be cov- ered by emergency plans. NRC requires that
within an approximately 10-mile Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) around each plant the
operator must maintain warning sirens and regularly conduct evacuation exercises moni-
tored by NRC and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).So Bangladesh
can also keep the option of Emergency Response for the future RNPP.

20. End-note
At present Bangladesh is facing serious load shedding due to shortage of power
generation. Thermal power plants and other small scale renewable energy sources are
giving tackle only for short period. To overcome this power crisis Bangladesh government
has taken some initiatives. For example, Rental power station and Quick rental power
stations. But these power stations are mostly gas and furnace oil based. Among this, furnace
oil is highly costly and government is giving large amount of substitute every year for this
type of power plants. So rental and quick rental can’t be a permanent and effective solution.
Bangladesh has a long legacy in the field of Renewable energy, which started back
in 1957 with the start of construction of Country’s first Hydroelectric project on Karnaphully
river at Kaptai, Chittagong. In October 1988 the fourth and fifth generating units, both 50 MW
Kaplan-type turbines, were installed which raised the total generation capacity to 230 MW. In
the mid of 80’s initiative of private sector played an instrumental role to install the 1st Solar
Home System (SHS) with the single installation of a home system at Sylhet. Since the
introduction of SHS in 1996, it has become now the biggest renewable energy program in
Bangladesh, so far installed 4.5 million units and ever increasing its number due to an
integrated program undertaken by the government through its financial institution IDCOL.
This Solar Home System (SHS) is a robust and reliable system and it owes much of
its success to a unique rural credit and ‘cost buy down’ system that it employs to improve
access by rural households
Several fiscal incentives have been extended by the government to Renewable
Energy project developers and investors. Dedicated funding support has also been extended
through government financial institutions like Bangladesh Bank and IDCOL, as well as
through private commercial banks. Moreover, government has extended fiscal incentives
including duty exemption on certain renewable energy products, e.g. solar panel, solar panel
manufacturing accessories, Charge Controller, Inverter, LED light, solar operated light and
wind power plant.
Encouraged by the success of SHS, government has initiated number of programs
like, Solar Irrigation, Solar Mini/Micro-grid, Solar Park, Solar Roof-top, Solar Boating and so
on. The main focus of RE is to provide electricity to the rural areas and to reduce the
dependency on diesel, so as to reduce the carbon emission.
The exhaustive nature of fossil fuels and the way their costs have been increasing
during the last few years rising costs escalations have heightened interests in renewable

21. energy technologies. Like elsewhere, it is seen as one way to achieve energy security and to
reduce CO2 emissions.
Among the different forms of RE potentials, at present solar energy seems to have
the greatest potential with biomass and biogas having some limited applications.
Bangladesh receives an average daily solar radiation in the range of 4.5 kWh/m²/day.
The potential for wind energy is still under study. Wind data are being collected from
13 locations and hopefully the data collection will be completed by 2017.
A biomass resource study has been undertaken under UNDP assisted SREPGen
project. After this study we would have an idea on the potential of biomass in the country.
As is to be expected, households rely on renewable energy in places where there are
no conventional energy supplies. Use of biomass for cooking and solar power and wind for
drying grains and textile clothes are traditional ways in which renewable energy is being
used in Bangladesh for thousands of years. At present, the different categories of renewable
energy that are being used in limited ways in Bangladesh are as follows:
 Hydro-electricity
 Solar power using solar PV
 Wind power
 Electricity from municipal waste
 Bio-gas using cattle dung and poultry liter
 Electricity & Thermal energy generation from Biomass like rice husk bagasse, waste
residues from industrial processes etc
.
Rooppur nuclear power plant is not the means of energy diversification as it is being
advertised rather it is going to be the trap of energy dependency. The government is trying to
rationalise its high initial cost for future benefit, but if we take into account the fact of its
costly waste management and decommissioning activity then we cannot agree more to
identify this project as future burden. Disregarding proper procedure and public consultation,
Bangladesh government is not only constructing the 2.4 GW Rooppur nuclear power plant,
but also have taken plan to install 4.8 GW more capacity of such plant across the country by
2041 which is nothing but a short-sighted tyrannical vision. For the sake of our energy

22. security and attaining low cost self-sufficiency, government needs to revisit its current Power
Sector Master Plan and put the main focus on energy efficiency, gas sector development
and renewable energy expansion, instead of coal and nuclear power.
Sources Incorporated:
[1] http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf54.html
[2] World Nuclear Association. Another drop in nuclear gen- eration World Nuclear News,
05 May 2010.
[3] Key World Energy Statistics 2007. International Energy Agency. 2007.
[4] “Nuclear Power Plants Information. Number of Reactors Operation Worldwide,”
International Atomic Energy Agency.
[5] “World Nuclear Power Reactors 2007-08 and Uranium Requirements,” World Nuclear
Association. 2008-06-09. Archived from the original on March 3, 2008.
[6] “From Obninsk Beyond: Nuclear Power Conference Looks to Future,” International
Atomic Energy Agency. Kragh, Helge. Quantum Generations: A History of Phys- ics in
the Twentieth Century. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999, p. 286. ISBN
0691095523.
[7] World Nuclear Association. Safety of Nuclear Power Reactors.
[8] http://www.thedailystar.net/country/bangladesh-india-russia-ink-mou-rooppur-nuclear-
power-plant-implementation-1542463
[9] http://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/perspective/changing-perceptions-nuclear-energy-
1509760
[10] http://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/272419/Rooppur-Power-Plant-taking-
shape
[11] http://www.observerbd.com/details.php?id=108747
[12] https://www.rbth.com/blogs/south_asian_outlook/2017/02/27/why-the-bangladeshi-
public-has-concerns-over-the-rooppur-nuclear-project_709866
[13] Lewicki-Saunders-Barry, Essentials of Negotiations,5th
edition, Mcgraw-Hill/ Irwin
[14] David Baurac, “Passively safe reactors rely on nature to keep them cool,” Logos
(Argonne National Laboratory) Vol.20, No.1, 2002,
[15] Black, Richard (2011-04-12). “Fukushima: As Bad as Chernobyl?” Bbc.co.uk.
[16] “Japan's unfolding disaster 'bigger than Chernobyl,” New Zealand Herald. 2
April2011.
[17] “Explainer: What went wrong in Japan's nuclear reac- tors,” IEEE Spectrum. 4
April2011.
[18] “Analysis: A month on, Japan nuclear crisis still scar- ring,” International Business

23. Times (Australia). 9 April 2011,
[19] Rogovin, pp.153.
[20] “Magnitude 9.0 – near the East coast of Honshu, Japan,”
Earthquake.usgs.gov,Retrieved
[21] “Fukushima faced 14-metre tsunami,” World Nuclear News. 24 March 2011.
[22] Eben Harrell (August 15, 2011). “Bury Our Nuclear Waste — Before It
BuriesUs,”TIME.
Bangladesh has 15 MW solar energy capacity through rural households and 1.9 MW wind
power in Kutubdia and Feni. Bangladesh has planned to produce 5% of total power
generation by 2015 & 10% by 2020 from renewable energy sources like wind, waste &
solar energy.
Security issue:
Russia is building the Rooppur nuclear power plant . The scope of work includes design, production
and supply of equipment, construction, installation, start-up and commissioning,and the maintenance
of the Power plant. Here the security question arise. If any problem in power plant we need to
dependent on Russian expertise as it is more risk for us.
Impunity law:
2015 , saction 19, in this act , which is amended for rooppur nuclear power plant , its state as, the
Chairman, Managing Director, Project Director, and other directors of the project will get impunity
form any kid of losses, expenses increasing and any other accident during the project working, they
will not responsible to compensate any other who is sufferer.
Water supply:
Without any settlement of water supply , the deed of NPP is done, its need 455 gallon of water per
min which is not available in Bangladesh. If they think that they will collect water from the Padma
river its is absolutely wrong decision. By the study of circular flow of padma river it assume that only
155 gallon of water can flow from padma per min. so the rest water supply will be unsettled.
Is nuclear power is Cheap?
America , who has the highest nuclear plant, in 1966 to 1976 they have started their 75 plant ,and
their initial budget which has crossed by 300% more, the continuation of high expense is not finish
yet, in france flemenin Power plant, as their initial budget was 3.3 billion euro but the end of the
project they have to count 10.5 billion euro. So in this case Bangladesh has made a contract with
Rassia “ Cost Plus “ instead of “ fixed cost”, Already the cost of Roppur Nuclear Plant is Increased by

24. 1 lac18 thousand core where the initial budget is 1 lac core. So it’s clear that tha cost of RNPP will be
high. On the other hand , the cost of solar power plant and wind power will decrease in 2009 to 2015
by 82% and 61%. With all compensation. Our neighboring country india using Solar power and wind
power and their per unit cost is below tk,3.
Cost of NPP:
Total cost of the project is 12.65 billion USD, from that 11.36 billion is taken as loan from Rassia with
the interest rate of 4% and the repayment period is 28 years. As per calculation we get that there are
60 thousand core will be expense to produce 1 thousand of electicity. Whereas the LNG based
Power plant will cost only 10 thousand Core Taka, and Solar power can do it with only 6 thousand
Core taka.