This document provides an overview of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its accessory organs. It describes the main sections of the GIT including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and associated structures. For each section, it discusses movements, secretions, digestion, absorption and regulation. It also reviews the functions of accessory organs like the salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gallbladder and their roles in digestion.
Posterior Pituitary or Neurohypophysis composed mainly of glial-like cells called pituicytes.
The pituicytes do not secrete hormones.
They act simply as a supporting structure for large numbers
of terminal nerve fibers and terminal nerve endings from nerve tracts.
That originate in the supraoptic and paraventricular
nuclei of the hypothalamus.
Posterior Pituitary or Neurohypophysis composed mainly of glial-like cells called pituicytes.
The pituicytes do not secrete hormones.
They act simply as a supporting structure for large numbers
of terminal nerve fibers and terminal nerve endings from nerve tracts.
That originate in the supraoptic and paraventricular
nuclei of the hypothalamus.
Study of the structure/form of the human body. Study location of organs, reasons for location, and shape. Anatomy is the science which deals with the description of the structure of cells, tissues, organs and organisms.
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
20. Digestion of Carbohydrates
Cellulose: Not digested
Action of Ptylin (Amylase):
5% digestion in mouth
15-35% in stomach (before it is inactivated by HCl)
More Powerful
Contd………
Absorbed
24. Absorption of Carbohydrates
A small fraction as Disaccharides
Mainly Monosaccharides
Glucose (80%)
Galactose
Sodium Co-Transport
Fructose
Facilitated Diffusion
Presence of glucose also facilitates reabsorption
of Sodium
25. Absorption of Proteins
Protein molecules : rarely absorbed →
antigenic reaction
Absorbed as
Tripeptides
Bipeptides
Amino Acids
Mainly Co-transport with Sodium
26. Absorption of Fats
Fats
Monoglycerides
Fatty Acids
Bile Micelles
Microvilli
Bile Acids
Monoglycerides
Fatty Acids
Bile Acids
Epithelial Cells
New Triglycerides
Chylomicrons
Lymph
Intestinal Lumen
+
+ +
+
30. Movements of Colon
Mixing Movements (Haustrations)
Proximal half
Propulsive Movements (Mass Movements)
Distal half
Functions of colon:
Absorption
Storage of fecal matter
31. Secretions of Large Intestine:
Mucus secretion
Crypts of Lieberkϋhan
No villi
No enzymes
Moderate amount of bicarbonate ions
32. Absorption in Large Intestine
Proximal Half:
Absorbing Colon
Water
Electrolytes
Distal Half:
Storage Colon
Formation of Feces
No villi
33. Other Functions of Large Intestine
Bacteria Normally present
Substances formed as a result of bacterial
action:
Vitamin K
Vitamin B12
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Gases (flatus)
CO2
Methane
Hydrogen
38. Pancreas
Components of Pancreatic Secretion
1. Exocrine
i. Digestive enzymes
Secreted by acinar cells
ii. HCO3- -
Secreted by duct cells
2. Endocrine
i. Insulin
ii. Glucagon
39. Functions of Liver
1. Formation and secretion of bile
2. Nutrient and vitamin metabolism
3. Inactivation of various substances
4. Synthesis of plasma proteins
5. Immunity
40. Functions of Bile
Digestion of fats
Emulsification
Large fat particles →small fat particles
Absorption of fats
Excretion
Bilirubin
End product of hemoglobin destruction
Excess cholesterol
41. Emptying of Gall Bladder
Food in Duodenum
Mainly Fatty Food
Cholecystokinin
BLOOD
GALL BLADDER
EMPTYING
RELAXATION OF SPHINCTER OF ODDI
duodenum
Vagus nerve
Food in mouth
