Restricted zone animals and their conservation
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This document discusses restricted zone animals and their conservation. Restricted zone animals are found only in particular geographical regions. The three hotspots for restricted zone animals in India are the Himalayan region, Western Ghats, and Indo-Burma region. These animals are vulnerable due to habitat loss from factors like climate change, human activities, and influx of predators. Conservation efforts include ex-situ conservation methods like zoos and captive breeding as well as in-situ conservation of habitats through national parks and wildlife laws. Proper conservation is needed to prevent restricted zone animals from going extinct since they are uniquely adapted to small geographical regions.
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This document discusses various topics related to sustaining wild species and preventing extinction. It describes three types of species extinction and characteristics of species prone to extinction. It also discusses factors contributing to habitat loss and degradation, the impacts of human activities and climate change on extinction rates, and approaches for protecting endangered species through international treaties, national laws, protected areas, and conservation programs.
Wildlife Conservation by Some Pradhan
Wildlife conservation is important to maintain ecosystem stability and health. Deforestation, pollution, and poaching threaten wildlife by destroying habitats. National parks and sanctuaries protect animals and plants, but cover only a small percentage of land. Several species have gone extinct in India, including the Indian cheetah, and the planet is entering a sixth mass extinction phase if trends continue. Conservation measures are needed to preserve biodiversity, including breeding endangered species, stopping poaching, and increasing environmental protection and awareness.
Zoo management system
This document describes a zoo management system project created by Keya Karmakar, Sujan Banik, and Kanika Pal and supervised by Prithwish Das. The project was created for Netaji Subhash Engineering College. It includes an introduction to zoos and their role in conservation, an overview of the zoo management system project, details on the hardware and software used (including Dreamweaver, Netbeans, Oracle, HTML, Java, MS Access, Apache Tomcat), descriptions of the data flow diagram and entity relationship diagram, the project scope and limitations, and a conclusion.
Animal welfare
This presents briefly the history of animal welfare, acts and rules govern prevention of cruelty to animals in India, about AWBI etc. Next presentation will describe about various form of cruelty caused to animals. This is a small effort to aware citizens on prevention of cruellty and to be compassionate for them.
Wildlife conservation
principles and roles of Wildlife conservation : conservation of ecosystem and conservation threatened species and conservation wildlife resources.
Wildlife conservation
Wildlife conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species around the world. In the US, there are nearly 1,000 endangered animal and plant species. Habitat destruction is the primary cause of endangerment, as human activity rapidly destroys habitats. Other threats include invasive species, overexploitation, disease, and pollution. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 and establishment of wildlife refuges help protect species. Specific conservation successes include the recovery of the American bald eagle from pesticide poisoning and international whaling regulations helping whale populations rebound.
Wildlife in India. Human Wildlife conflicts and wildlife protection act
The document summarizes India's Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and key aspects of human-wildlife conflict. It provides definitions for terms in the Act related to hunting, animal articles, and wildlife. It also notes some impacts of human-wildlife conflict such as injury, crop damage, and habitat destruction. Additionally, it lists India's national animal, heritage animal, aquatic animal, bird, flower, and tree.
Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation: Indian Efforts
Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation: Indian Efforts. Highly useful for competetive exams like UPSC.
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Wild Animals in Captivity : Big Cats Animal Welfare, Law and Enforcement
Wild Animals in Captivity : Big Cats Animal Welfare, Law and Enforcement
Wildlife in India. Human Wildlife conflicts and wildlife protection act
Wildlife in India. Human Wildlife conflicts and wildlife protection act
Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation: Indian Efforts
Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change Mitigation: Indian Efforts
Similar to Restricted zone animals and their conservation
BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity:
Biodiversity is the variety and differences among living organisms from all sources ,including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystem sand the ecological complexes of which they area part.
It contains following details:
Biodiversity
Levels or types of Biodiversity
Values of Biodiversity
Hotspots of Biodiversity
Criteria of Determining Hotspots
Threats to Biodiversity
Conservation of Biodiversity
In situ Conservation
Ex situ Conservation
Importance of Biodiversity
Biodiversity Hotspots In India k.pptx
Biodiversity Hotspots in India - Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Western Ghats & Sundaland and The resources should be utilized efficiently.
Poaching and hunting of wild animals should be prevented.
The reserves and protected areas should be developed carefully.
The levels of pollutants should be reduced in the environment.
Deforestation should be strictly prohibited.
Environmental laws should be followed strictly.
The useful and endangered species of plants and animals should be conserved in their nature as well as artificial habitats.
Public awareness should be created regarding biodiversity conservation and its importance
Hot spots of Biodiversity.pptx
India contains two of the 25 global biodiversity hotspots - the Indo-Burma hotspot and the Western Ghats hotspot. These hotspots cover less than 2% of the world's land area but contain around 50% of terrestrial biodiversity. India has a rich diversity of species due to its varied climate and terrain across the country as well as the presence of the Himalayas which act as a barrier from the rest of Asia. Key biodiversity hotspots in India include the Himalayas, Indo-Burma region, Western Ghats, and Sundaland outside of India.
Biodiversity in environment and surroundings.pptx
This document discusses biodiversity in India at various levels. It begins by defining biodiversity and explaining that India is a megadiverse country with high levels of endemism. It then discusses ecosystem diversity and various ways of measuring biodiversity. Some key points made include that India has 10 bio geographic regions, is home to over 91,000 animal and 45,500 plant species, and has several biodiversity hotspots like the Western Ghats and Himalayas. Threats to biodiversity like habitat loss and endangered species are also covered.
Biodiversity
This document discusses endemic species, biodiversity hotspots, and threats to biodiversity in India. It notes that India has many endemic plant and animal species concentrated in areas like the Western Ghats, Eastern Himalayas, and North-Eastern India. Key threats include habitat loss and degradation, pollution, and overexploitation of resources. Conservation efforts include the establishment of protected areas like national parks as well as ex-situ conservation methods such as botanical gardens, seed banks, and biotechnology. The Western Ghats, North-Eastern India, Eastern Himalayas, and Andaman and Nicobar Islands are identified as biodiversity hotspots in India.
Biodiversity 1
The document discusses biodiversity, its levels (genetic, species, ecosystem), types (alpha, beta, gamma diversity), threats to biodiversity (habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation), conservation strategies (in-situ and ex-situ), and examples of protected areas in India like national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves. In-situ conservation focuses on protecting ecosystems and habitats while ex-situ involves methods like seed/gene banks, animal translocations, botanical gardens, and zoological parks.
Biodiversity
This document discusses biodiversity hotspots in India. It begins by defining biodiversity and biodiversity hotspots. There are 4 main biodiversity hotspots in India: 1) The Western Ghats, 2) The Himalayas, 3) The Indo-Burma region, and 4) Sundaland. These hotspots contain a high number of endemic plant and animal species but have faced significant habitat loss. The major threats to biodiversity in these hotspots are destruction of habitats, pollution, poaching, and climate change. Conservation efforts are needed to protect India's rich biodiversity.
India As A Megadiversity Nation.pptx
This document discusses India's status as a megadiverse country and biodiversity hotspots within its borders. It provides details on 4 key biodiversity hotspots - the Himalayas, Indo-Burma Region, Western Ghats, and Sundaland. Each hotspot is described in 1-2 sentences highlighting species diversity and endemic species. Threats to India's biodiversity such as habitat loss, climate change, and overexploitation are summarized. Methods of both in-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity are briefly outlined.
Biodiversity
This document discusses biodiversity, its levels and importance. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Some key threats to biodiversity are habitat loss, poaching, invasive species and climate change. The document also discusses biodiversity hotspots and India's biodiversity, noting areas like the Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats as global hotspots. Methods of biodiversity conservation discussed include protected areas like national parks as well as ex-situ conservation methods.
Forests wildlife deforestation (p.a.c 2015)
This document discusses biodiversity in India. It notes that India contains around 8% of the world's total species, including an estimated 47,000 plant species and over 81,000 animal species. However, many species are now threatened due to factors like deforestation and human activity. It provides classifications for different types of threatened species and discusses conservation efforts in India like Project Tiger to protect endangered wildlife. Forests play a vital role in the ecosystem but are being depleted. The document outlines different categories of forests and conservation strategies to preserve biodiversity.
Hotspots.ppt
This document discusses biodiversity hotspots around the world. It begins by defining biodiversity and explaining that species are going extinct much faster due to human impacts. It then discusses what qualifies as a biodiversity hotspot, including having at least 1,500 endemic plant species and having lost 70% of primary vegetation. Three regions in India qualify as hotspots: the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, the Eastern Himalayas, and Indo-Burma. These regions have high levels of endemism and species diversity but are also highly threatened.
BIODIVERSITY & CONSERVATION
This document discusses biodiversity and conservation. It defines genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It describes patterns of biodiversity like latitudinal gradients and species-area relationships. Causes of biodiversity loss include habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and illegal introductions. Methods of conservation are also outlined, including protecting habitats through biosphere reserves and sacred groves, and ex situ conservation in zoos and botanical gardens.
Biodiversity and its conservation
Biodiversity levels, different biodiversity patterns and different biogeographic zones in India. Threats to biodiversity and its conservation methods.
Hotspot: India As a Mega Biodiversity Hotspot
This ppt contains the full package of the Hotspots of India. It contains all the details of the endemic as well as endangered species in all the four hotspots . Its made in such a way so that its easy to understand to every single pupil who is going through this presentation.
Biodiversity conservation
Biodiversity conservation is important to protect the variety of life on Earth and their interactions. Many species have gone extinct in recent decades due to habitat loss and human activity. Conservation efforts include protecting species within their natural habitats through reserves like hotspots, biosphere reserves, national parks, and wildlife sanctuaries. India contains two biodiversity hotspots, the Eastern Himalayas and Western Ghats, which support many endemic plant and animal species. National parks like Kaziranga and Gir protect endangered species like the one-horned rhino and Asiatic lion. Conservation efforts aim to balance protection with sustainable use of resources.
Biodiversity jkygvkHotspot in India.pptx
The document summarizes biodiversity hotspots in India. It discusses four main hotspots: the Himalayas, Indo-Burma Region, Western Ghats, and Sundaland. Each hotspot contains numerous endemic plant and animal species but has lost significant habitat. The hotspots support a high percentage of the country's and world's biodiversity despite comprising only a small area. Threats like habitat loss and poaching have endangered many species.
wildlife and forest resources
here you can get a common knowledge about forests and wildlife about its depletion consequences and conservation a basic knowledge about India's wildlife and government programmes
Wildlifeconservationsuryanshsinghppt 140714000450-phpapp02
Wildlife conservation refers to protecting endangered plant and animal species and their natural habitats. The document discusses threats to wildlife like habitat loss, pollution, and hunting. It outlines conservation efforts in India such as establishing national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves to protect tigers, lions, elephants and other species. Laws like the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 regulate hunting and trade of protected wildlife. International organizations like IUCN assess threatened species and work to conserve biodiversity globally.
Biodiversity.pptx
This document discusses biodiversity, including its levels, values, hotspots, threats, and methods of conservation. It defines biodiversity as the variety of living organisms on Earth, including different ecosystems. Biodiversity exists at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels and provides values such as food, medicine, fuel and social/cultural importance. Two biodiversity hotspots in India are described that contain many endemic species but are highly threatened. The main threats to biodiversity are habitat loss and degradation, poaching, and human-wildlife conflicts. Conservation methods include in-situ conservation of species within protected natural areas, and ex-situ conservation in zoos, botanical gardens, and gene banks.
Similar to Restricted zone animals and their conservation (20)
Wildlifeconservationsuryanshsinghppt 140714000450-phpapp02
Wildlifeconservationsuryanshsinghppt 140714000450-phpapp02
More from karishma purkayastha
Ebola final
The Ebola virus first appeared in Africa in 1976 and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever with high fatality rates. It is believed to originate from wildlife like gorillas and chimpanzees. While its natural reservoir is unknown, human outbreaks are often linked to proximity to infected wildlife. The virus can spread through direct contact with bodily fluids and some research has shown potential for airborne transmission. There is currently no approved vaccine or treatment, though supportive care methods are used. Prevention relies on isolation protocols, protective equipment for medical workers, safe burial practices, and addressing potential bioterrorism threats posed by the virus.
Emerging infectious diseases paper 203
This document discusses emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. It begins with trends in infectious diseases, then defines emerging and re-emerging diseases. Factors that contribute to emergence include changes in the agent, host, and environment. Examples are provided of diseases that have emerged or re-emerged recently, including SARS, avian influenza, hepatitis C, and antibiotic resistance. The response from public health is also mentioned.
Hepatitis b final
Hepatitis B is a major global health problem. An estimated 2 billion people have been infected worldwide and approximately 1 million people die each year from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or its complications. HBV is transmitted through contact with infectious blood or body fluids and can cause both acute and chronic infections. Chronic HBV infection can lead to serious health issues like cirrhosis and liver cancer. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent HBV infection.
Rabies final
Rabies is a fatal viral infection spread through the saliva of infected mammals, most commonly dogs. The virus causes neurological symptoms including anxiety, confusion, and fear of water. While initial symptoms may resemble the flu, the infection worsens and can lead to paralysis, hyperventilation, and death. Transmission occurs through bites or contact between saliva and open wounds or mucous membranes. Once symptoms appear, rabies is almost always fatal.
Swine flu-presentation-final
Swine influenza, also known as swine flu, is caused by type A influenza viruses that typically infect pigs. The 2009 H1N1 virus was a new strain that was able to infect humans and spread from person to person. Swine flu in humans causes similar symptoms as seasonal flu, including fever, cough and sore throat. While the virus is now considered a seasonal flu virus, there is no vaccine specifically for it. Good hand hygiene and practicing droplet precautions are recommended to limit its spread.
Popular talk
The document summarizes the history of anesthesia from its early uses to its modern development. It describes how early surgeries were extremely painful due to the lack of effective anesthesia. Several people were involved in the discovery of anesthesia, including Crawford Williamson Long who first used ether, Horace Wells who used nitrous oxide, and William Morton who first publicly demonstrated ether's anesthetic properties. Later, James Simpson pioneered the use of chloroform as an improved anesthetic. Technological developments led to advances like inhaled anesthetics and hypodermic syringes. Overall, the discovery of anesthesia was a major medical breakthrough that relieved surgical pain and changed medical practices.
Wild life census and its role in conservation
By conservation census, all individuals of a population within an area are counted directly. When this is not possible, sampling methods are used to estimate the total population size. Common census methods include quadrat sampling, mark-recapture, distance sampling, camera trapping, and other direct counting techniques. Census data provides information on population status, distributions, behaviors, and is used to inform conservation strategies.
Forest right act src ppt
The document discusses the Forest Rights Act of 2006 in India. The act aims to secure tenure rights and other traditional rights of forest-dwelling tribes and communities over forest areas. It recognizes individual and community rights related to habitation, cultivation, use, access to minor forest produces, grazing lands, and community rights over forest resources. The gram sabha or village council is empowered to initiate the process of determining forest rights. Authorities violating the act's provisions can face penalties. While some criticized that the act could reduce forest land for wildlife, its true purpose is to recognize existing rights and not grant new land titles. The act provides legal rights to forest-dwelling communities who previously had no rights over the forests they long inhabited
Final ppt
Micromanipulation refers to microscopic techniques used to manipulate eggs, sperm, and embryos to increase the chances of a successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle. Common micromanipulation techniques include intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), and assisted hatching. PGD involves testing a single cell from an early embryo for genetic abnormalities, while ICSI involves directly injecting a single sperm into an egg. Assisted hatching involves weakening an embryo's outer shell to improve implantation chances. These micromanipulation techniques have helped address male factor infertility, diagnose genetic conditions, and hold promise for further IVF advancements.
Endemic animals of india2
This document lists endemic animals found in India, including reptiles, amphibians, and birds. It provides the scientific names and brief descriptions of over 50 endemic reptile species, 30 endemic amphibian species, and over 20 endemic bird species found only in India. It also identifies several critically endangered endemic species, including the Red-crowned Roofed Turtle, Four-toed River Terrapin, Bufoides meghalayanus toad, and Great Indian Bustard, and describes threats such as habitat loss facing these endangered endemics.
Cryopreservation src
Cryopreservation is the process of preserving biological materials such as cells, tissues, organs, embryos, and sperm at very low temperatures. It allows for long-term storage of biological samples by suspending their metabolic activities. Samples are typically stored in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. Cryopreservation aims to cool samples without the formation of ice crystals that can damage cells. Cryoprotectants are used to protect cells from freezing damage. Common cryopreservation methods include storage at -196°C, above -196°C, freeze drying, and vitrification. Cryopreservation finds applications in fertility treatments and preservation of genetic materials.
Causes of infertility
This document discusses the causes of infertility in both males and females. It states that infertility can be due to female factors, male factors, or unknown causes. For females, the main causes of infertility are defective ovulation, transport of the egg or sperm, and implantation of a fertilized egg. For males, infertility can be due to problems with sperm quantity or quality. Specific causes discussed include problems with sperm production, delivery of sperm, congenital abnormalities, and acquired factors. The document concludes that infertility has many potential causes and is a multifactorial condition requiring further research.
Beyond fertilization
This document summarizes the key stages of human development from fertilization through pregnancy. It describes the processes of cleavage, morphogenesis, differentiation and growth that occur during embryogenesis. The stages of development from morula to blastocyst to embryonic disk are outlined. During the trimesters of pregnancy, the placenta forms and the embryo embeds in the uterus while organs and limbs develop. Fetal circulation and extraembryonic membranes such as the chorion, amnion and yolk sac are discussed. The document concludes with a description of parturition and birth.
Art in indian prospect
This document discusses the history and recent developments of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) in India. It describes several types of ARTs including in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT). Recent innovations discussed include a new test to detect defective eggs, vitrification for preserving eggs and embryos, and intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) to select sperm with better quality. The document also covers intravaginal culture (IVC) and encapsulated gametes as newer techniques.
Ag sir
Sleep is an active, not passive, process where the body recuperates and the day's events are processed. It occurs in stages that progress from light to deep sleep and includes REM sleep characterized by eye movements. While sleep restores energy, its main functions are to maintain cognitive skills and normal functioning. The brain stem contains centers that induce sleep through inhibition of other areas, like the hypothalamus, while neurotransmitters like serotonin are also involved. Sleep cycles between non-REM and REM sleep in a regular pattern governed by activation and fatigue of neuronal centers in the brain.
Second messenger system
This document discusses second messenger systems, which relay signals from cell surface receptors to target molecules inside cells. There are three major classes of second messenger systems: 1) the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP system, which is activated by hormones like epinephrine and glucagon and uses cAMP as the second messenger; 2) the phospholipid system, which uses IP3 and DAG as second messengers; and 3) the calcium-calmodulin system, where calcium acts as the second messenger and binds to and activates calmodulin. These second messengers amplify signals and allow hormones and neurotransmitters to trigger intracellular responses.
Bioremediation &phytoremediation
This document discusses bioremediation and phytoremediation. It defines bioremediation as using living organisms to treat environmental pollution by removing contaminants. There are different types of bioremediation based on the microorganisms or degradation process used. In situ bioremediation treats contaminants on-site, while ex situ bioremediation removes material to be treated elsewhere. Phytoremediation uses plants to stabilize, remediate or reduce contaminated soils and waters through processes like phytoextraction and rhizofiltration. The document outlines techniques for both and notes that while bioremediation is less expensive than other methods, it can be time-consuming and dependent on microbial populations and environmental factors
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3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
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ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptx
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
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Restricted zone animals and their conservation
- 1. RESTRICTED ZONE ANIMALS & THEIR CONSERVATION BY, PRITHISH CH. NATH DEPT. OF LIFE SCIENCE ROLL NO.:- 26 ASSAM UNIVERSITY, SILCHAR
- 2. INTRODUCTION Restricted Zone animals are those which are found only in particular geographical regions and nowhere else in the world. The regions where such animals inhabit are known as restriction sites. Restricted Zone animals specifically are those whose breeding zones are less than 50,000 sq. km . As these animals are found in a particular geographical area, and potentially most sensitive to habitat perturbations; this makes them incredibly unique and more vulnerable to extinction. They became restricted due to habitat loss due to factors such as Climatic changes Influx of predators Human activities
- 3. DISTRIBUTION The tropical regions support wide concentration of plant & animal species with restricted range. The maximum concentration of Restricted Zone Animals are found in hot spots. Hot spots are those areas where the maximum concentration of restricted zone animals are found. There are a total of 35 hot spots in the world out of which 3 are found in Indian subcontinent. These are The Himalayan Region Western Ghats & Sri Lanka Indo-Burma Region
- 5. Restricted Zone Animals of Himalayan region S0me of the Restricted Zone animals of Himalayan region are:- 1. Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) 2. Himalayan Wild Yak (Bos grunniens) 3. Himalayan Blue Sheep (Psuidois nayur) 4. Himalayan Black Bear (Ursus thibetanus) 5. Musk Deer (Moschus sp.) 6. Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens) 7. Himalayan Palm Civet (Paguma larvata)
- 6. RESTRICTED ZONE ANIMALS OF WESTERN GHATS & SRI LANKA Western Ghats which covers an area of 1,600 Km from the north border of Gujarat to the southern tip of India has a variety of restricted zona animals. Some of the Restricted Zone Animals found in these areas are:- Nilgiri Tahar (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) Nilgiri Langur (Trachypithecus johnii) Lion -tailed Macaque (Macaca silenus) Gaur (Bos gaurus)
- 7. RESTRICTED ZONE ANIMALS IN INDO-BURMA REGION The Indo-Burma region encompasses an area of 23,73,000 sq. Km of tropical East-Asia. The Restricted Zone Animals found in this region are:- Saola (Pseudoryx nghetinhinsis) Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viveriinus) Spoon-billed Sandpiper (Calidris pygmaea) Red-headed Vulture (Sarcogyps calvus) White-rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis) Sarus Crane (Grus antigone) Giant Ibis (Thaumatibis gigantae)
- 8. SOME OTHER ANIMALS OF RESTRICTED ZONE ANIMALS Some of the Restricted Zone Animals found in the other parts of the world are:- 1. Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Restricted to Australia Primarily leaf-eaters
- 9. Contd… 2. Northern Hairy-Nose Wombet (Lasiorhinus krefftii) Restricted to Australia One of the rarest land mammals
- 10. Contd… 3. Tree Kangaroo (Dendrolagus sp.) Restricted to the cloud forests of Papua & Guinea
- 11. Contd… 4. Asiatic Lion (Pantera leo persica) Restricted only to the Gir forest of Gujarat
- 12. CAUSES OF DEPLETION OF RESTRICTED ZONE ANIMALS Causes for the depletion of Restricted Zone Animals are: 1.Natural calamities such as flood. 2. Human activities such as poaching which yields huge amount of money through illegal trade. Other human activities such as:- a) Alteration of Forest cover for the plantation of other crops such as tea, coffee,etc. b) Tourism:- Increased tourism causes the need of more roads and thus increase pollution & accidents. c) Mining:- Increased mining causes flattening of hills and raising of forests, and silt/waste covering land farms also destroys habitat.
- 14. CONSERVATION STRATEGIES Conservation is the practice of protecting, managing and maintenance of wildlife, their habitat and ecosystem. The conservation strategies are:- Ex-situ conservation In-situ conservartion Establishment of laws Other sources
- 15. Contd… 1. Ex-situ conservation:- It is the conservation of wild species outside their natural habitat. These includes Zoos Gene Bank Cryopreservation Captive Breeding
- 16. Contd… 2. In-situ conservation:- It is the conservation of endangered plant/animal species in their natural habitat. This includes National Parks Wildlife Sanctuaries Biosphere Reserves
- 17. Contd… 3. Conservation by establishing laws:- GOI has adopted several wildlife conservation laws to protect wildlife. These are:- Wildlife Protection Act,1972 Forest Conservation Act,1980 Environment Protection Act,1986 National Biodiversity Act,2002
- 18. Contd… 4. Other Resources:- Such as- Initiative by NGOs Mass awareness programmers Protection of wildlife in Sacred Grove by tribal groups. Eg. :-Bishnoi community in Rajasthan protecting wildlife.
- 19. CONCLUSION As Restricted Zone Animals are found in particular geographical regions only, they are incredibly unique and more vulnerable to extinction. So proper measures must be taken to prevent them from extinction.
- 20. REFERENCE Www.conservationindia.com Maheshwaran Gopoinatah-Fauna ecosystem of india, Eastern Himalayas WWF-India Linder, H.P.(1995) setting conservation priorities: The importance of endemism and phylogeny in South African Orchid genus Herschelia conserv. Biol.9, 585-595