This document discusses predator-prey interactions in nature. It explains that this is a natural process where prey evolve defenses to avoid predators while predators evolve ways to exploit prey. Prey avoidance methods include camouflage, defenses, mimicry, speed, living in groups, and size. Predators exploit prey through camouflage, patience, speed, senses, and group hunting. There are two types of hunting: ambush and active. Studies have shown predators both do and do not control prey populations, and a simulation could help understand these dynamics.

1. Predator/Prey Interactions By Carla Bridges

2. Indiana Standard 6.4.9 Recognize and explain that two types of organisms may interact in a competitive or cooperative relationship, such as producer/consumer, predator/prey, or parasite/host.

3. Natural Process This is a natural process that occurs in nature to balance species. Co-evolution- occurs when you have 2 or more species evolving with each other Prey can evolve in ways to help them avoid the predators. Any improvement one makes, the other must adapt.

4. How Prey Avoid Predators Avoidance Crypsis-blend into surroundings Defenses- poisons/taste bad/defense mechanism such as shells, sharp teeth/claws Mimicry- look like a species they would avoid (poisonous snakes) Senses Speed Stamina Living in groups Size ( small or large)

5. How Predators Exploit Prey Crypsis Patience- willing to stay in one spot and wait Tolerance for toxic defenses Speed Senses Large size Stamnia Group hunting

6. Two Types of Hunting Ambush- find one spot and wait (rattlesnakes) Active hunting- constantly move to encounter as many as possible Success rate is low Group hunting increases success rate Dogs vs. cats?

7. Most Successful Hunters Wild African Dog Ability to pick prey while hunting Large Cats Pick prey before they begin to hunt, if that is not successful they quit the hunt

8. Do Predators Control Prey Population? 31 Studies Say Yes 27 Studies Say No

9. Predator/Prey Simulation What do you think?

10. Resources http://dictionary.reference.com/ http://dc.doe.in.gov/Standards/AcademicStandards/StandardSearch.aspx Dr. James BandoliUSI Evansville, IN