This ppt can confirm with some confidence of absolute certainty that telemetry technology is applicable in fisheries stock management to monitor species that are on the verge of extintion

1. APPLICATIONS OF TELEMETRY
TECHNOLOGY IN WILDLIFE
CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT.
BY;
Wesonga Samwel

2. What's telemetry?
Telemetry is an automated communications process
by which measurements and other data are collected
at remote or inaccessible points and transmitted to
receiving equipment for monitoring.
Wildlife-related telemetry is also known as radio
tagging, radio-tracking or simply ‘tagging’ or
‘tracking’.
- ‘ transmission of information from a transmitter on a
free-ranging wild animal to a receiver.’

3. Components of wildlife radio
telemetry.
• Has four components; a transmitter (or a
radio collar), antenna, headphone and a
detector (receiver)

4. How it works
This technique uses the
transmission of radio signals to
locate a transmitter attached
to the animal of interest.
Types of wildlife telemetry
systems;
 very high frequency (VHF).
 global positioning system
(GPS) tracking.
 satellite tracking.

5. VHF TELEMETRY SYSTEMS
Uses a directional antenna to
follow the signal given off by
the transmitter to the exact
location of the tagged
animal.

6. VHF and triangulation
Triangulation is often used when an animal is on
private or inaccessible property because it allows
the operator to remotely determine the location of
the tagged animal.

7. GLOBAL TRACKING(GPS) TELEMETRY
SYSTEMS
The GPS transmitter is attached to an animal and
records the location of the animal on the device by
estimating the time taken for radio signals from at
least three satellites to travel to the GPS transmitter.

8. Applications to wildlife management &
conservation
• It can be applied to many areas of management and
research to determine the;
- habitat use of tagged animals.
- home range and movement of populations.
- Specific migratory routes and dispersal
behavior.
- Survivorship and mortality rates.
- predator-prey relationship.

9. 1.0Predator-prey relationship.
• The data from GPS telemetry clusters are used for
estimation of whether the clusters are reliably created
at kill locations.
• logistic regression models is tested to identify kill
occurrence
• multinomial regression models tested to identify the
prey species at a kill cluster.
• The duration of monitoring is required to accurately
estimate the kill rate and the prey composition.

10. 2.Habitat uses.
Expected proportions of use (radio locations) in
each habitat are calculated based on the
relative availability of each habitat in the study
area.

11. 3.0 Home Range Determination
• Usually seek to obtain a mathematical determination of
home range size for representative animals in a
population.
• Locations of each animal are used to calculate a home
range size which is recalculated each time the animal is
relocated.
• Graphs for different ages/sexes/individuals may be
compared to see how much variation exists between
different groups, and what number of relocations is
necessary to differentiate between groups.

12. 4.0 Demographic Studies
• Attempts to estimate population size and
composition.
• Radio-telemetry is often used to improve accuracy
of classification counts of species which may be
classified by means of survey flights.
• Radio tags are placed on individuals of known sex
and age.
• Classification counts done from aircraft can then be
combined with relocation of tagged individuals.

13. 5.0 Mortality & Survival
• Defining adequate sample sizes for mortality studies
is done by preliminary sampling to determine the
variance in survivorship.
• Survival rates are estimated from the number of
transmitter-days, the number of mortalities due to
particular causes, and the number of days in the
chosen interval of time over which daily mortality
rates are assumed to be constant (Heisey and Fuller
1985).

14. CONCLUSSION.
• Advances in the field of wildlife telemetry have
made it possible to acquire detailed data on many
aspects of wildlife biology, including habitat use,
home range size, mortality and survivorship, and
migration timing and routes.
• Since many wildlife species are secretive and
difficult to observe, radio telemetry has provided a
valuable tool to learn more about their respective
life histories.