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APPLICATIONS OF TELEMETRY TECHNOLOGY IN WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT.(hence used in fisheries)

The document discusses telemetry technology's applications in wildlife conservation, defining it as an automated process for data collection from remote locations. It outlines the components and types of wildlife telemetry systems, such as VHF and GPS tracking, and details their uses in studying animal behavior, habitat use, home range, and survival rates. Advances in telemetry have improved understanding of various wildlife biological aspects, offering valuable insights into difficult-to-observe species.

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APPLICATIONS OF TELEMETRY TECHNOLOGY IN WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT. BY; Wesonga Samwel
What's telemetry? Telemetry is an automated communications process by which measurements and other data are collected at remote or inaccessible points and transmitted to receiving equipment for monitoring. Wildlife-related telemetry is also known as radio tagging, radio-tracking or simply ‘tagging’ or ‘tracking’. - ‘ transmission of information from a transmitter on a free-ranging wild animal to a receiver.’
Components of wildlife radio telemetry. • Has four components; a transmitter (or a radio collar), antenna, headphone and a detector (receiver)
How it works This technique uses the transmission of radio signals to locate a transmitter attached to the animal of interest. Types of wildlife telemetry systems;  very high frequency (VHF).  global positioning system (GPS) tracking.  satellite tracking.
VHF TELEMETRY SYSTEMS Uses a directional antenna to follow the signal given off by the transmitter to the exact location of the tagged animal.
VHF and triangulation Triangulation is often used when an animal is on private or inaccessible property because it allows the operator to remotely determine the location of the tagged animal.
GLOBAL TRACKING(GPS) TELEMETRY SYSTEMS The GPS transmitter is attached to an animal and records the location of the animal on the device by estimating the time taken for radio signals from at least three satellites to travel to the GPS transmitter.
Applications to wildlife management & conservation • It can be applied to many areas of management and research to determine the; - habitat use of tagged animals. - home range and movement of populations. - Specific migratory routes and dispersal behavior. - Survivorship and mortality rates. - predator-prey relationship.
1.0Predator-prey relationship. • The data from GPS telemetry clusters are used for estimation of whether the clusters are reliably created at kill locations. • logistic regression models is tested to identify kill occurrence • multinomial regression models tested to identify the prey species at a kill cluster. • The duration of monitoring is required to accurately estimate the kill rate and the prey composition.
2.Habitat uses. Expected proportions of use (radio locations) in each habitat are calculated based on the relative availability of each habitat in the study area.
3.0 Home Range Determination • Usually seek to obtain a mathematical determination of home range size for representative animals in a population. • Locations of each animal are used to calculate a home range size which is recalculated each time the animal is relocated. • Graphs for different ages/sexes/individuals may be compared to see how much variation exists between different groups, and what number of relocations is necessary to differentiate between groups.
4.0 Demographic Studies • Attempts to estimate population size and composition. • Radio-telemetry is often used to improve accuracy of classification counts of species which may be classified by means of survey flights. • Radio tags are placed on individuals of known sex and age. • Classification counts done from aircraft can then be combined with relocation of tagged individuals.
5.0 Mortality & Survival • Defining adequate sample sizes for mortality studies is done by preliminary sampling to determine the variance in survivorship. • Survival rates are estimated from the number of transmitter-days, the number of mortalities due to particular causes, and the number of days in the chosen interval of time over which daily mortality rates are assumed to be constant (Heisey and Fuller 1985).
CONCLUSSION. • Advances in the field of wildlife telemetry have made it possible to acquire detailed data on many aspects of wildlife biology, including habitat use, home range size, mortality and survivorship, and migration timing and routes. • Since many wildlife species are secretive and difficult to observe, radio telemetry has provided a valuable tool to learn more about their respective life histories.