The document discusses common respiratory ailments including the common cold, sinusitis, influenza, pneumonia, bronchitis, and asthma. It provides details on the symptoms, causes, and typical treatment approaches for each ailment. For the common cold, it notes that rhinoviruses are a common cause and that treatment involves rest, fluids, and cough syrups. For sinusitis, it describes symptoms like nasal congestion and headaches and says treatment may involve antibiotics in some cases. Influenza is described as responsible for millions of illnesses annually in the US and having symptoms like fever and body aches.

1. The Respiratory
System

2. Common Ailments
of the Respiratory
System
Grade 5
Lourdes School of
Mandaluyong

3. Before anything else…
Let’s review the parts of
the respiratory system

4. The Human Respiratory System

5. The Lung Model

6. Air in
Air out
Diaphragm Diaphragm

7. Again…
Air in
when the diaphragm
goes down, the
lungs expand, air
goes in
[inhale]
Diaphragm

8. And again…
Air out
when the
diaphragm goes
up, the lungs
are pushed, air
goes out
[exhale]
Diaphragm

9. Got it?

10. Does this
look
familiar?

11. Common Respiratory
Ailments
• Upper respiratory infection
- Common cold
- Sinusitis
• Influenza
• Pneumonia
• Bronchitis
• Asthma

12. The Common
Cold

13. The Common Cold

14. The Common Cold
• Some experience multiple times in 1
year
• Rhinoviruses are the most common
viral agents
Wait! Rhino, what?

15. The Common Cold
Rhinovirus

16. The Common Cold
• Highly contagious
• Spread by
- sneezing,
- coughing, or
- hand contact with the nose,
eyes, or face

17. The Common Cold
• Not caused by
- a change in weather,
- loss of sleep,
- going outside with wet hair, or
- fatigue
Now, you know…

18. The Common Cold
-Signs & Symptoms
• May last 2– 4 days
• Sneezing, coughing, malaise may
last from 6 – 10 days or possibly
up to 3 weeks

19. The Common Cold
-Signs & Symptoms
headache
•
nasal congestion
•
scratchy throat
•
hoarseness
•
cough
•
sore throat
•

20. The Common Cold
- Treatment & Cure
• No curative treatment
So, what should we do?

21. The Common Cold
- Treatment & Cure
• Fluids
• Rest
• Cough syrups are also helpful

22. Sinusitis

23. Sinusitis

24. Sinusitis
• Symptoms may last 10 – 14 days
• Usually caused by bacteria:
- Hemophilus influenzae and
- Streptococcus pneumoniae

25. Sinusitis
- Signs & Symptoms
• a ‘feeling of fullness’
and pressure over the
involved sinuses
• nasal congestion

26. Sinusitis
- Signs & Symptoms
sore throat
•
low grade fever
•
headache
•
toothache
•
cough > 1 week
•

27. Sinusitis
- Treatment & Cure
• Rest
• Fluids
• Antibiotics may be appropriate
in certain patients

28. Influenza

29. Influenza (The Flu)

30. Influenza
• Responsible for over 4 million
respiratory illnesses each year
• Attributable for up to 40,000 deaths
and 200,000 hospitalizations annually

31. Influenza
• Several types including
- Influenza A
- Influenza B

32. Influenza
- Signs & Symptoms
high fever
•
exhaustion
•
generalized aches, and
•
cough
•

33. Influenza
- Signs & Symptoms
headache,
•
nasal congestion,
•
sneezing, and
•
sore throat
•

34. Influenza
- Treatment & Cure
• Analgesics (fever medicine)
• Cough syrups for supportive
therapy

35. Pneumonia

37. Pneumonia
• Most commonly community-acquired
• Bacterial agents are
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae

38. Pneumonia

39. Pneumonia
• Lungs get filled
with fluid

40. Pneumonia
-Signs & Symptoms
fever or hypothermia
•
cough with or without sputum
•
chest discomfort
•
sweats
•

41. Pneumonia
-Treatment & Care
• Rest
• Fluids
• Medicine for cough, fever and
infection
• Oxygen (if breathing is very
difficult)

42. Bronchitis

43. Bronchitis
• The bronchi is swollen making it
difficult to breath

44. Bronchitis

45. Bronchitis
• Similar treatment with
pneumonia and other
respiratory ailments

46. Asthma

47. Asthma

48. Asthma
• Swelling of the airways caused by
allergens such as:

49. and these…

50. This what happens…

51. Let’s compare…

52. No wonder you need this…
The puffer

53. Asthma
-Signs & Symptoms
wheezing
•
cough (dry or productive)
•
chest tightness
•
difficulty completing
•
sentences

54. Let’s revisit…

55. Common Respiratory
Ailments
• Upper respiratory infection
- Common cold
- Sinusitis
• Influenza
• Pneumonia
• Bronchitis
• Asthma

56. Plenary
Sources:
Tamra N. Fortenberry, MD Department of Ob/Gyn
The University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN
www.wikipedia.org
Williams Obstetrics, 21st Edition, 2001, Washington Manual
Up to Date, www.uptodate.com, Obstetrics and gynecology, Ling & Duff

57. The End…