anatomy of respiratory system

1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
BY
SONI KUMARI SHAH

2. What is respiratory system?
The system which exchange
CO2 for O2, which is then
distributed throughout the
body via blood is respiratory
system.
What is respiration?
The process of exchange
of gases between the
living organism and the
surrounding environment
is respiration.

3. Types Of Respiration
Internal Respiration
Exchange of gases between
blood and cells
External Respiration
Exchange of gases
between blood and lungs.

4. Functions Of Respiratory System
Gaseous Exchange: oxygen enters blood and carbondioxide leaves
Acid Base Balance: pH altered by changing blood carbondioxide level
Sound Production: movement of air past vocal folds produces sound and
speech
Olfaction: olfactory mucosa helps in sense of smell
Thermoregulation: heating and cooling of the body
Protection: against microorganism by preventing entry and removing them

5. Organs Of Respiratory System
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs-alveoli

6. On The Basis Of Structure
Upper Respiratory Tract(URT)
Nose and nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Lower Respiratory Tract(LRT)
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Lungs

7. On The Basis Of Functions
Conducting Part
Nose and nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Respiratory Part
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar duct
Alveoli

8. Nose/Nasal Cavity
External nose
Nasal cavity
Functions:
Entrance to respiratory tract
Serves sense of smell
Conditioning the air by filtering, warming
and moistening
Resonating the air with help of paranasal
air sinuses

9. Paranasal Air Sinuses
Frontal sinus
Ethmoidal sinus
Sphenoidal sinus
Maxillary sinus

10. Pharynx(Nasopharynx)
Common opening for digestive and
respiratory system
Features Of Nasopharynx:
Nasopharyngeal Tonsil
Nasopharyngeal Bursa
Opening Of Auditory Tube
Tubal Tonsil
Pharyngeal Recess

11. Functions Of Pharynx:
Passageway for air and food
Warming and humidifying air
Hearing
Protection: by producing antibodies
Speech: act as resonating chamber

12. Larynx
9 cartilages
Cartilages Of Larynx:
Paired Cartilages
Artenoid
Corniculate
Cuniform
Unpaired Cartilages
Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglotis

13. Functions Of Larynx:
Production of sound
Speech
Protection of lower respiratory tract
Passageway for air
Humidifying, filtering and warming of air

14. Trachea
Thin walled musculo-cartilaginous tube (approx. 10cm long)
Connects larynx with bronchi
Lined with typical respiratory epithelium
16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Trachealis muscle

15. Functions Of Trachea:
Support and patency
Mucocilliary escalator
Cough reflex
Warming, humidifying and filtering air

16. All of the following are the components of respiratory units except
i. Atria
ii. Air saccules
iii. Alveolar duct
iv. Terminal bronchioles
Which of the following organ is not included in Upper Respiratory Tract?
i. Nose
ii. Pharynx
iii. Larynx
iv. Trachea
The larynx contains……………… cartilages.
i. 3
ii. 6
iii. 9
iv. 12

17. Part of respiratory tract involver in gas exchange
I. Trachea
II. Bronchus
III. Alveolus
IV. Bronchioles
Exchange of gases between blood and lungs is called
i. Inspiration
ii. Expiration
iii. External respiration
iv. Internal respiration
Auditory tube opens at
I. Nasal cavity
II. Nasopharynx
III. Oropharynx
IV. laryngopharynx

18. Bronchus
Formed by division of trachea
Enters the lung at hilus
Right bronchus is wider, shorter and
straighter then left
It subdivides into smaller bronchioles

19. Bronchioles (Tracheobronchiole Tree)
Bronchioles are smaller branches of bronchus

20. Lungs
A pair pf lungs-right & left
Occupies most part of thoracic cavity
Conical shape
Covered by pleura

21. Features
Apex
Base
3 Borders- Anterior
Posterior
Inferior
2 Surfaces-Costal
Medial
Diaphragmatic
Lobes - Right(3)
Left(2)
Segments- 10 Bronchopulmonary
Segments

22. Differences Between Right And Left Lungs

23. Root of lungs
Broad pedicle which connects medial surface of lungs to mediastinum

24. Bronchopulmonary Segment
Anatomical, physiological and surgical unit of lungs aerated
by segmental or tertiary bronchus
Well defined area of lungs supplied by each segmental
bronchus and segmental artery
Drained by intersegmental part of pulmonary vein.

25. Bronchopulmonary Segment

26. Pleura
Thin double layered, serous membrane covering the lungs
Two layers:
Parietal Pleura- outer
Visceral Pleura- inner
Between two layers lies pleural cavity with lubricating fluid.

28. The covering of lungs is called
A) pericardium B) periosteum
C) pleura D) peritoneum
Left lung has……. Lobes.
A) 2 B) 3
C) 4 D) 5
Right bronchus differs from left bronchus that is
A) narrower, larger and more horizontal
B) wider, shorter and more vertical
C) wider, longer and equally bent
D) both bronchi are similar