Uploaded byHarold Gamero
Research 101: Types of Scientific Research
This document outlines different types of research. It discusses basic research, which aims to expand scientific knowledge without addressing practical problems, and applied research, which seeks to solve practical issues. The document also covers exploratory versus descriptive research, quantitative versus qualitative data, experimental versus non-experimental designs, longitudinal versus cross-sectional data collection, and deductive versus inductive approaches in the research cycle. Overall, the document provides an overview of key considerations for determining the appropriate research type based on the topic of study and goals of the research.
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Research 101: Types of Scientific Research
- 1. Research 101: Typesof Research Harold Gamero
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- 3. Basic research Appliedresearch
- 4. Basic research Appliedresearch Meaning It is aimed to expand the existing base of scientific knowledge. Designed to solve specific practical problems or answer certain questions. Nature Theoretical - Empirical Practical Utility Universal Limited Concerned with Developing scientific knowledge and predictions Development of technology and technique Goal To add some knowledge to the existing one. To find out a solution for an existing problem/need. Scientific? Works within the scientific cycle No connection with the scientific cycle
- 5. Applied research Basic research (fundamentalor pure) • Any research that fits in the scientific circle. • Variety of designs, techniques and methods. • Development of new technologies (hardware & software) • Business plans, strategic analysis, market research, etc. • Professional researches or business consulting (journalists, forensics, police, detectives, engineers, accountants, managers, etc.) • Can use the same designs, techniques and methods as basic researches
- 6. Cycle of science= Basic research Theories and laws Evidence and observations Theoretical level Empirical level Develop theories based on phenomena and behaviors Test theories with empiric data (through hypothesis) Deductive Inductive
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- 8. Types of research Directionin the cycle of science Reach Type of data Manipulation over variables Data collection times
- 9. Types of research Inductive Deductive Directionin the cycle of science Reach Type of data Manipulation over variables Data collection times • Test theories through hypothesis • Build theories to explain phenomena and behavior
- 10. Types of research Directionin the cycle of science Reach Type of data Manipulation over variables Non-experimental Experimental Data collection times • For causal relationships • Manipulate independent variable(s) • Measures dependent variable(s) • Control over external factors • No manipulation of variables • Without control over external factors • When variable cannot be controlled (impossible, unethical, expensive, complicated)
- 11. Types of research Directionin the cycle of science Reach Type of data Manipulation over variables Longitudinal Cross-sectional Data collection times • Collect data more than once (can take years) • Can use historical data • Measures causality, evolution and trends • Collect data once (can take long) • Like a “photo” of reality
- 12. Types of research Directionin the cycle of science Exploratory Descriptive Correlacional Causal Reach Type of data Manipulation over variables Data collection times • Verify relationships between variables • Without causality • Test the intensity of cause-effect relationships • Observes and describes concepts or variables • No relationships • For under-researched areas • Not enough theories • Create initial ideas
- 13. Types of research Directionin the cycle of science Reach Qualitative Quantitative Mixed Type of data Manipulation over variables Data collection times • Use standardized instruments • Results can be extrapolated • Wide approach • Detail enriched information • Deep approach • Benefits of both approaches • More resource intake
- 14. Types of research Inductive Deductive Directionin the cycle of science Exploratory Descriptive Correlacional Causal Reach Qualitative Quantitative Mixed Type of data Manipulation over variables Non-experimental Experimental Longitudinal Cross-sectional Data collection times
- 15. Types of research •Some types are less frequent in some fields • Some are more difficult to conduct (money, facilities, technology, time, knowledge) • Always rigorous, systematic and methodic • The type must be adjusted to the topic and not the other way around • Same topics can follow more than one approach
- 16. Relationship between self-esteemand addiction to social networks among teenagers Direction in the cycle of science Reach Type of data Manipulation over variables Data collection times Deductive Correlacional Quantitative Mixed Non-experimental Longitudinal Cross-sectional
- 17. Insights into thefactors influencing student motivation in e-learning environments Direction in the cycle of science Reach Type of data Manipulation over variables Data collection times Inductive Exploratory Qualitative Mixed Non-experimental Longitudinal Cross-sectional
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