The document provides a step-by-step guide to conducting a literature review. It defines a literature review as surveying scholarly sources on a topic to provide an overview of current knowledge and identify gaps. A 5-step process is outlined: 1) searching relevant literature by defining the topic and keywords, 2) evaluating and selecting sources, 3) identifying themes and gaps, 4) outlining the structure, and 5) writing the literature review. The introduction establishes the purpose, the body analyzes and interprets sources, and the conclusion summarizes key findings and implications.
Scientific research and its publication
A process and the research process
Writing and submitting a paper to a journal
Other processes in research
Literagure review
Research design
Qualitative research
Conclusion
The review process
This presentation is useful for all who are preparing their projects in colleges. This presentation helps you in giving proper reference of data source.
The document provides guidance on conducting and writing a literature review. It defines a literature review as a critical evaluation and synthesis of selected documents on a research topic. The purpose of a literature review is to place research in the context of prior work, identify areas of contribution and gaps, and help guide further research questions. Effective literature reviews involve clarifying the topic, finding examples to emulate, narrowing the scope, considering source recency and focus, and developing a thesis statement.
This document provides guidance on conducting and writing a literature review. It discusses the purpose of a literature review in analyzing and critically evaluating previous research on a topic. The document offers tips for finding relevant sources, narrowing a topic, developing a thesis statement, and organizing a literature review. It provides direction on what to include in writing a literature review such as summarizing previous findings, identifying gaps, and making recommendations for further research.
This document discusses the purpose and process of conducting a literature review for a research study. It addresses common questions students have about literature reviews, such as how to find relevant literature, how many studies to review, and how to organize the review. The key purposes of a literature review are to provide context and background for the research, identify gaps, and help formulate research questions and hypotheses. A literature review involves analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing previous studies related to the topic. It is typically presented as a separate chapter in a research study and provides the theoretical framework.
The document provides guidance on developing a research topic through several steps:
1) Formulate a broad research theme by considering topics of interest and relevance to your field of study. Possible sources of inspiration include literature, current issues, and subject guides.
2) Develop a specific research question by refining your theme using techniques like the "5W method" and organizing concepts visually in diagrams. The research question should allow for elaboration rather than a simple yes/no answer.
3) Further narrow or expand your research topic if needed by taking notes on viewpoints, developments, keywords and evaluating questions based on interest level and scope. The goal is to define a clear topic that can be studied in depth.
Steps for successfully submitting your scientific articleTamer Hamdy
1) The document provides steps for successfully submitting a scientific article, including targeting the right journal, writing the manuscript, internal reviewing, and dealing with the publication process.
2) It emphasizes writing clearly and following the target journal's format instructions. Tools for writing like online paraphrasing and synonym tools are recommended.
3) The internal review process is described, which involves checking that the research fits the journal's scope and quality standards. Reviewers should provide feedback to improve the manuscript.
Scientific research and its publication
A process and the research process
Writing and submitting a paper to a journal
Other processes in research
Literagure review
Research design
Qualitative research
Conclusion
The review process
This presentation is useful for all who are preparing their projects in colleges. This presentation helps you in giving proper reference of data source.
The document provides guidance on conducting and writing a literature review. It defines a literature review as a critical evaluation and synthesis of selected documents on a research topic. The purpose of a literature review is to place research in the context of prior work, identify areas of contribution and gaps, and help guide further research questions. Effective literature reviews involve clarifying the topic, finding examples to emulate, narrowing the scope, considering source recency and focus, and developing a thesis statement.
This document provides guidance on conducting and writing a literature review. It discusses the purpose of a literature review in analyzing and critically evaluating previous research on a topic. The document offers tips for finding relevant sources, narrowing a topic, developing a thesis statement, and organizing a literature review. It provides direction on what to include in writing a literature review such as summarizing previous findings, identifying gaps, and making recommendations for further research.
This document discusses the purpose and process of conducting a literature review for a research study. It addresses common questions students have about literature reviews, such as how to find relevant literature, how many studies to review, and how to organize the review. The key purposes of a literature review are to provide context and background for the research, identify gaps, and help formulate research questions and hypotheses. A literature review involves analyzing, evaluating, and synthesizing previous studies related to the topic. It is typically presented as a separate chapter in a research study and provides the theoretical framework.
The document provides guidance on developing a research topic through several steps:
1) Formulate a broad research theme by considering topics of interest and relevance to your field of study. Possible sources of inspiration include literature, current issues, and subject guides.
2) Develop a specific research question by refining your theme using techniques like the "5W method" and organizing concepts visually in diagrams. The research question should allow for elaboration rather than a simple yes/no answer.
3) Further narrow or expand your research topic if needed by taking notes on viewpoints, developments, keywords and evaluating questions based on interest level and scope. The goal is to define a clear topic that can be studied in depth.
Steps for successfully submitting your scientific articleTamer Hamdy
1) The document provides steps for successfully submitting a scientific article, including targeting the right journal, writing the manuscript, internal reviewing, and dealing with the publication process.
2) It emphasizes writing clearly and following the target journal's format instructions. Tools for writing like online paraphrasing and synonym tools are recommended.
3) The internal review process is described, which involves checking that the research fits the journal's scope and quality standards. Reviewers should provide feedback to improve the manuscript.
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review for research. It discusses selecting a topic, conducting a literature search, analyzing and organizing the literature. Key steps include identifying the research topic, locating relevant sources through databases and other means, reading and analyzing the literature, and organizing it using mapping techniques. The literature review aims to summarize and synthesize previous research on the topic to provide context and identify gaps to justify further research.
This document discusses various aspects of choosing a research topic, including:
- It is important to choose a topic you are interested in that is complex yet compelling. The topic should set the stage for your future research career.
- Generating ideas from course materials, news, the internet, advisors and literature. Attributes of a good topic include being feasible within the given resources and timeframe, and being worthwhile and providing new insights.
- Narrowing a topic by asking questions to refine the focus. Choosing a researchable question that is fact-based, relevant and action-oriented to provide direction for the research process.
Introduction to the peer review workshop for the PhD students of the Wageningen Graduate Schools. The goal is to explain peer review, entice PhD students to take part in the peer review process and give some tips on how to start with peer review.
Learn how to write a review of literature.Rakib Hossain
This document provides guidance on writing a literature review by outlining its typical sections and content. It explains that a literature review analyzes and summarizes prior research on a topic to provide context. The introduction should define the topic and identify trends, conflicts or gaps in previous work. The body groups and summarizes studies according to common factors and provides analysis. The conclusion summarizes major contributions, evaluates the current state of knowledge, and discusses relationships to broader areas of study.
This document provides guidance for writing a literature review. It defines what a literature review is and its main purposes. The document outlines an 8 step process for conducting a literature review: 1) reviewing APA guidelines, 2) selecting a topic, 3) identifying relevant literature, 4) analyzing the literature, 5) summarizing the literature in a table or concept map, 6) synthesizing the findings, 7) writing the review, and 8) developing a coherent essay. Key recommendations include critically analyzing studies rather than just summarizing them, and organizing the review in a way that builds an argument and evaluates relationships among studies.
This document provides guidance on preparing research papers for international journal publication. It discusses the typical structure of a research paper, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, discussion, and conclusion. The literature review is described as a critical synthesis of previous research that helps contextualize the study and identify gaps. An effective methodology with clearly described hypotheses, data collection, sampling, and analysis is also emphasized. The peer review process is covered, noting common criteria like a paper's contribution, appropriate methods, supported conclusions, and clear communication. Overall, preparing quality papers is outlined as a long process requiring patience, honesty, attention to detail, and understanding differences in writing styles across languages.
Short PowerPoint presentation outlining important things to consider when deciding where to publish your research. This presentation also lists some of the tools that can be used to evaluate journal quality to assist in the publishing decision-making process.
As a researcher, you are expected to start publishing early in your career. But original research could take years to complete! This does not mean you that you cannot publish a paper until you complete your research. You can disseminate your research in many other ways. These slides will help you learn more about the different types of scholarly literature so that you are able to choose the most suitable format for publishing your study.
The document provides an overview of how to conduct a literature review. It begins by defining a literature review as an interpretation and synthesis of published work on a topic. It then outlines the main reasons for conducting a literature review, including finding a research problem worth studying and contextualizing one's own research. The document discusses when a literature review should be conducted, primarily early on to establish context and confirm the research focus. It provides details on how to conduct a literature review through identifying topics, locating sources, reading, analyzing, and organizing the literature. The document also offers tips on how to present a literature review and concludes by listing additional resources for conducting literature reviews.
The document provides an overview of conducting a literature review, including defining what a literature review is, the purpose and importance of reviewing literature, key steps in the literature review process such as selecting topics, searching literature sources, analyzing and synthesizing information, using proper citation and referencing styles, and structuring the literature review. It discusses evaluating the quality, objectivity, and authenticity of sources, as well as addressing issues of plagiarism. Guidelines are provided for writing the literature review, including highlighting emerging issues, citing a variety of relevant sources, and using an active voice.
This document provides an overview of bibliometrics and research metrics. It discusses what bibliometrics are and how they can be used to analyze the strengths of research, determine investment opportunities, and identify rising researchers. Common metrics like citation counts, h-index, CiteScore, SNIP, and SJR are explained. The importance of using multiple metrics and qualitative input is stressed. Sources of citation data like Scopus and Web of Science are also summarized.
Digital strategies to find the right journal for publishing your researchSC CTSI at USC and CHLA
Date: Apr 3, 2019
Speaker: Duncan Nicholas, Former Development Editor at international academic publisher Taylor and Francis Group, and now Director of DN Journals research publishing consultancy, and Senior Consultant for Enago Academy.
Overview: This webinar will provide an overview of digital tools and initiatives that help researchers select the right journal for their manuscript to ensure the best chance of article acceptance.
How to Identify the Research Gap While Writing a PhD Dissertation Literature ...PhD Assistance
PhD Assistance gives you tips to Identify Research Gaps in the Literature Review for writing a PhD dissertation.
A Research Gap is a Topic or field for which insufficient data restrict the ability to conclude a research question. If we are looking for a research issue, what is the healthiest beverage for humans? You can discover multiple studies and potential answers to the questions. Research gap identification eventually makes way for new and exciting research.
PhD Assistance offers UK Dissertation Research Topics Services. When you Order Dissertation Services at PhD Assistance, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free, Always on Time, outstanding customer support, written to Standard, Unlimited Revisions support and High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Learn More:http://bit.ly/3aomOF3
Contact Us:
For Any Queries : Website: https://www.phdassistance.com/
UK NO: +44–1143520021
India No: +91–4448137070
WhatsApp No: +91 91769 66446
Email: info@phdassistance.com
In writing the literature review:
your purpose is to convey to your reader what knowledge and ideas have been established on a topic, and what their strengths and weaknesses are.
It is not just a descriptive list of the material available or a set of summaries."
The document provides guidance on writing an effective research proposal. It discusses key factors to consider such as having a significant research problem or idea, clearly describing the problem or idea, and aligning with funding priorities. It outlines important sections to include such as objectives, methodology, timeline, budget, and qualifications. Factors that proposals cannot control like agency politics and competition are noted. The document emphasizes that proposals should be carefully researched, planned, and executed to maximize quality and chance of funding.
This document discusses the key elements of writing a successful research proposal. It explains that a proposal should include an introduction stating the research problem, a literature review to establish the context and need for the study, clearly defined objectives, a detailed methodology section, a work plan with timeline, and intended dissemination of results. The document cautions common mistakes like lack of focus, unclear or weak arguments, and improper referencing. Overall, the document provides guidance on how to structure a proposal to obtain approval and funding for a research study.
The document discusses various citation databases and research metrics used to evaluate scholarly publications and researchers. It describes major citation databases like Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar that compile citations from bibliographies. It also explains common research metrics like the Impact Factor, h-index, g-index, i10 Index, Cite Score, SJR, and SNIP used to measure the influence and impact of publications and researchers. These metrics are calculated based on factors like the number of citations a publication or researcher receives.
This document provides instructions for citing sources and creating bibliographies in Microsoft Word. It explains how to insert citations, manage sources by adding and editing them, choose a bibliography style such as APA or MLA, and generate a bibliography from the citations and sources in a document. Creating a bibliography requires having at least one citation and corresponding source entry.
Writing A Research Paper Dr. Nguyen Thi Thuy Minhenglishonecfl
The document provides guidance on writing a research paper, including defining a rhetorical goal, structuring the paper with sections like introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and conclusion, and how to write each section. It emphasizes that each section should have a clear purpose and guide the reader. The methodology section should describe procedures and justify methods, while results should present findings objectively and discussion should interpret results and consider implications.
This document provides a 5-step guide to conducting a literature review:
1. Search for relevant literature on the topic using keywords and databases.
2. Evaluate and select sources based on their relevance and quality.
3. Identify themes, debates, and gaps within the existing research.
4. Outline the structure for analyzing and synthesizing the literature.
5. Write the literature review introducing the topic, analyzing sources, and concluding with implications.
The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review for research. It discusses selecting a topic, conducting a literature search, analyzing and organizing the literature. Key steps include identifying the research topic, locating relevant sources through databases and other means, reading and analyzing the literature, and organizing it using mapping techniques. The literature review aims to summarize and synthesize previous research on the topic to provide context and identify gaps to justify further research.
This document discusses various aspects of choosing a research topic, including:
- It is important to choose a topic you are interested in that is complex yet compelling. The topic should set the stage for your future research career.
- Generating ideas from course materials, news, the internet, advisors and literature. Attributes of a good topic include being feasible within the given resources and timeframe, and being worthwhile and providing new insights.
- Narrowing a topic by asking questions to refine the focus. Choosing a researchable question that is fact-based, relevant and action-oriented to provide direction for the research process.
Introduction to the peer review workshop for the PhD students of the Wageningen Graduate Schools. The goal is to explain peer review, entice PhD students to take part in the peer review process and give some tips on how to start with peer review.
Learn how to write a review of literature.Rakib Hossain
This document provides guidance on writing a literature review by outlining its typical sections and content. It explains that a literature review analyzes and summarizes prior research on a topic to provide context. The introduction should define the topic and identify trends, conflicts or gaps in previous work. The body groups and summarizes studies according to common factors and provides analysis. The conclusion summarizes major contributions, evaluates the current state of knowledge, and discusses relationships to broader areas of study.
This document provides guidance for writing a literature review. It defines what a literature review is and its main purposes. The document outlines an 8 step process for conducting a literature review: 1) reviewing APA guidelines, 2) selecting a topic, 3) identifying relevant literature, 4) analyzing the literature, 5) summarizing the literature in a table or concept map, 6) synthesizing the findings, 7) writing the review, and 8) developing a coherent essay. Key recommendations include critically analyzing studies rather than just summarizing them, and organizing the review in a way that builds an argument and evaluates relationships among studies.
This document provides guidance on preparing research papers for international journal publication. It discusses the typical structure of a research paper, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, discussion, and conclusion. The literature review is described as a critical synthesis of previous research that helps contextualize the study and identify gaps. An effective methodology with clearly described hypotheses, data collection, sampling, and analysis is also emphasized. The peer review process is covered, noting common criteria like a paper's contribution, appropriate methods, supported conclusions, and clear communication. Overall, preparing quality papers is outlined as a long process requiring patience, honesty, attention to detail, and understanding differences in writing styles across languages.
Short PowerPoint presentation outlining important things to consider when deciding where to publish your research. This presentation also lists some of the tools that can be used to evaluate journal quality to assist in the publishing decision-making process.
As a researcher, you are expected to start publishing early in your career. But original research could take years to complete! This does not mean you that you cannot publish a paper until you complete your research. You can disseminate your research in many other ways. These slides will help you learn more about the different types of scholarly literature so that you are able to choose the most suitable format for publishing your study.
The document provides an overview of how to conduct a literature review. It begins by defining a literature review as an interpretation and synthesis of published work on a topic. It then outlines the main reasons for conducting a literature review, including finding a research problem worth studying and contextualizing one's own research. The document discusses when a literature review should be conducted, primarily early on to establish context and confirm the research focus. It provides details on how to conduct a literature review through identifying topics, locating sources, reading, analyzing, and organizing the literature. The document also offers tips on how to present a literature review and concludes by listing additional resources for conducting literature reviews.
The document provides an overview of conducting a literature review, including defining what a literature review is, the purpose and importance of reviewing literature, key steps in the literature review process such as selecting topics, searching literature sources, analyzing and synthesizing information, using proper citation and referencing styles, and structuring the literature review. It discusses evaluating the quality, objectivity, and authenticity of sources, as well as addressing issues of plagiarism. Guidelines are provided for writing the literature review, including highlighting emerging issues, citing a variety of relevant sources, and using an active voice.
This document provides an overview of bibliometrics and research metrics. It discusses what bibliometrics are and how they can be used to analyze the strengths of research, determine investment opportunities, and identify rising researchers. Common metrics like citation counts, h-index, CiteScore, SNIP, and SJR are explained. The importance of using multiple metrics and qualitative input is stressed. Sources of citation data like Scopus and Web of Science are also summarized.
Digital strategies to find the right journal for publishing your researchSC CTSI at USC and CHLA
Date: Apr 3, 2019
Speaker: Duncan Nicholas, Former Development Editor at international academic publisher Taylor and Francis Group, and now Director of DN Journals research publishing consultancy, and Senior Consultant for Enago Academy.
Overview: This webinar will provide an overview of digital tools and initiatives that help researchers select the right journal for their manuscript to ensure the best chance of article acceptance.
How to Identify the Research Gap While Writing a PhD Dissertation Literature ...PhD Assistance
PhD Assistance gives you tips to Identify Research Gaps in the Literature Review for writing a PhD dissertation.
A Research Gap is a Topic or field for which insufficient data restrict the ability to conclude a research question. If we are looking for a research issue, what is the healthiest beverage for humans? You can discover multiple studies and potential answers to the questions. Research gap identification eventually makes way for new and exciting research.
PhD Assistance offers UK Dissertation Research Topics Services. When you Order Dissertation Services at PhD Assistance, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free, Always on Time, outstanding customer support, written to Standard, Unlimited Revisions support and High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Learn More:http://bit.ly/3aomOF3
Contact Us:
For Any Queries : Website: https://www.phdassistance.com/
UK NO: +44–1143520021
India No: +91–4448137070
WhatsApp No: +91 91769 66446
Email: info@phdassistance.com
In writing the literature review:
your purpose is to convey to your reader what knowledge and ideas have been established on a topic, and what their strengths and weaknesses are.
It is not just a descriptive list of the material available or a set of summaries."
The document provides guidance on writing an effective research proposal. It discusses key factors to consider such as having a significant research problem or idea, clearly describing the problem or idea, and aligning with funding priorities. It outlines important sections to include such as objectives, methodology, timeline, budget, and qualifications. Factors that proposals cannot control like agency politics and competition are noted. The document emphasizes that proposals should be carefully researched, planned, and executed to maximize quality and chance of funding.
This document discusses the key elements of writing a successful research proposal. It explains that a proposal should include an introduction stating the research problem, a literature review to establish the context and need for the study, clearly defined objectives, a detailed methodology section, a work plan with timeline, and intended dissemination of results. The document cautions common mistakes like lack of focus, unclear or weak arguments, and improper referencing. Overall, the document provides guidance on how to structure a proposal to obtain approval and funding for a research study.
The document discusses various citation databases and research metrics used to evaluate scholarly publications and researchers. It describes major citation databases like Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar that compile citations from bibliographies. It also explains common research metrics like the Impact Factor, h-index, g-index, i10 Index, Cite Score, SJR, and SNIP used to measure the influence and impact of publications and researchers. These metrics are calculated based on factors like the number of citations a publication or researcher receives.
This document provides instructions for citing sources and creating bibliographies in Microsoft Word. It explains how to insert citations, manage sources by adding and editing them, choose a bibliography style such as APA or MLA, and generate a bibliography from the citations and sources in a document. Creating a bibliography requires having at least one citation and corresponding source entry.
Writing A Research Paper Dr. Nguyen Thi Thuy Minhenglishonecfl
The document provides guidance on writing a research paper, including defining a rhetorical goal, structuring the paper with sections like introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and conclusion, and how to write each section. It emphasizes that each section should have a clear purpose and guide the reader. The methodology section should describe procedures and justify methods, while results should present findings objectively and discussion should interpret results and consider implications.
This document provides a 5-step guide to conducting a literature review:
1. Search for relevant literature on the topic using keywords and databases.
2. Evaluate and select sources based on their relevance and quality.
3. Identify themes, debates, and gaps within the existing research.
4. Outline the structure for analyzing and synthesizing the literature.
5. Write the literature review introducing the topic, analyzing sources, and concluding with implications.
This document provides a 5-step guide to conducting a literature review. It explains that a literature review surveys scholarly sources on a topic, provides an overview of current knowledge, and identifies gaps. The 5 steps are: 1) searching for relevant literature using keywords and databases; 2) evaluating and selecting sources; 3) identifying themes, debates and gaps; 4) outlining the structure; and 5) writing the literature review, which typically includes an introduction, body and conclusion. The document emphasizes finding trends over time, engaging with debates, and discussing implications and suggestions for future research.
This document provides a 5-step guide to conducting a literature review. It explains that a literature review surveys scholarly sources on a topic, provides an overview of current knowledge, and identifies gaps. The 5 steps are: 1) searching for relevant literature using keywords and databases; 2) evaluating and selecting sources; 3) identifying themes, debates and gaps; 4) outlining the structure; and 5) writing the literature review. The conclusion should summarize key findings and implications for future research. The purpose is to demonstrate familiarity with the topic, develop a theoretical framework, and position the researcher's approach in relation to others.
This document provides a 5-step guide to conducting a literature review. It explains that a literature review surveys scholarly sources on a topic, provides an overview of current knowledge, and identifies gaps. The 5 steps are: 1) searching for relevant literature using keywords and databases; 2) evaluating and selecting sources; 3) identifying themes, debates and gaps; 4) outlining the structure; and 5) writing the literature review, including an introduction establishing the purpose, a body analyzing sources, and a conclusion summarizing key findings. The document emphasizes finding trends over time, engaging with debates, and addressing gaps to position new research.
This document provides an overview of how to write a literature review. It discusses the purpose of a literature review and outlines the 5 key steps: 1) searching for relevant literature, 2) evaluating sources, 3) identifying themes and gaps, 4) outlining the structure, and 5) writing the literature review. The document explains each step in detail and provides examples of different types of literature reviews and how to format the introduction, body, and conclusion of a literature review.
The document provides an overview of conducting and writing a literature review in 5 steps: 1) Searching for relevant literature; 2) Evaluating and selecting sources; 3) Identifying themes, debates, and gaps; 4) Outlining the structure; and 5) Writing the literature review. It emphasizes that a literature review surveys scholarly sources on a topic, provides an overview of current knowledge, and points out gaps to position new research.
The document provides an overview of conducting and writing a literature review in 5 steps: 1) Searching for relevant literature; 2) Evaluating and selecting sources; 3) Identifying themes, debates, and gaps; 4) Outlining the structure; and 5) Writing the literature review. It emphasizes that a literature review surveys scholarly sources on a topic, provides an overview of current knowledge, and points out gaps to position new research.
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review for research. It defines a literature review as a critical evaluation of previous research that allows one to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps. The purpose of a literature review is to situate a research project within existing scholarly knowledge. It discusses the key steps of a literature review: searching literature, evaluating sources, identifying themes and gaps, outlining the structure, and writing the review. The document emphasizes that a literature review should analyze, synthesize and critically evaluate sources to demonstrate knowledge of scholarly debates.
This document discusses key aspects of developing a research problem and conducting a literature review. It begins by defining a research problem and outlining various sources that can inspire problems. Next, it describes important criteria for evaluating potential problems such as the researcher's interest and competence. The document emphasizes the need for a theoretical framework to guide the research process. Finally, it outlines the main steps of conducting a literature review, including searching relevant sources, evaluating them, identifying themes, and writing the review.
This document provides an overview of how to conduct a literature review. It defines a literature review as an organized written presentation that summarizes and synthesizes previous research on a topic. The purposes of a literature review are outlined, including identifying what is already known about a research problem and finding gaps that can become new research questions. Primary sources like original research and secondary sources like textbooks are described. The document discusses searching literature sources, evaluating and organizing studies, and structuring the literature review with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
This document provides guidance on writing a literature review for a medical microbiology course. It discusses including an introduction that establishes the focus and purpose, a main body that summarizes, analyzes, and critically evaluates sources, and a conclusion that summarizes key findings and implications. The main body should use well-structured paragraphs and may be divided into subsections. Students are expected to write approximately a 3000-word literature review on determining the causes of antimicrobial resistance using 20-30 references in the Harvard referencing style. The review will be graded based on content, organization, referencing, and following guidelines.
The document discusses literature reviews and provides guidance on how to conduct one. It begins by outlining three fundamental research questions posed by Guba and elaborated on by Gray: what is knowable, the relationship between the knower and known, and how things are found out. It then defines a literature review as an account of published work on a topic by scholars. The purpose is to convey existing knowledge and ideas, identify gaps and avoid duplicating work. Effective literature reviews are organized around a thesis, synthesize results, and identify areas for further research. The document provides questions to guide conducting a thorough literature review and critical analysis of sources.
Literature Review (Review of Related Literature - Research Methodology)Dilip Barad
Literature Review or Review of Related Literature is one of the most vital stages in any research. This presentation attempts to throw some light on the process and important aspects of literature review.
Selection of Dissertation Topic and Searching for LiteratureAmit Agrawal
The document discusses selecting a dissertation topic and searching for relevant literature. It emphasizes that the topic should be narrow but important, and part of a broader problem. The review of literature is crucial to understand previous work and avoid duplication. Feasibility must be considered in terms of time, resources and the ability to complete the project. Choosing a topic the author is fascinated by and has the skills to research is key to success. The process involves planning, exploring feasibility, reviewing literature, developing a proposal and obtaining necessary approvals.
3. lecture 3 literature review & analytical framework developmentCông Nguyễn
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It outlines the purpose of a literature review as demonstrating knowledge of current research and identifying gaps to justify new research. An effective literature review adopts a critical perspective, evaluates sources, and develops a clear argument through synthesis rather than just reporting on individual studies. It should draw from a wide range of academic literature and other sources, while avoiding plagiarism. The document provides tips for structuring, writing and referencing a literature review to meet assessment criteria.
The document provides guidance on how to write a review of related literature. It explains that a literature review gives an overview of previous writings on a research topic and identifies key elements to include, such as background knowledge, relevant theories, data, and study results. It outlines a five-step process for conducting a literature review: searching for sources, evaluating sources, identifying themes, outlining a structure, and writing the review. The document emphasizes synthesizing, analyzing, and critically evaluating sources, and connecting the literature to the researcher's own work.
A literature review surveys scholarly sources on a topic to provide an overview of current knowledge and identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in existing research. It analyzes, synthesizes and critically evaluates sources, rather than just summarizing them, to give a clear picture of the state of knowledge. Conducting a literature review at the beginning of a research project helps familiarize oneself with the topic, ensure original work, identify gaps, and develop a theoretical framework and methodology.
Literature Review and Theoretical Framework.pptxSamah Abdelkarim
A literature review surveys scholarly sources on a topic to provide an overview of current knowledge and identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in existing research. It should analyze, synthesize, and critically evaluate sources, rather than just summarizing them. Conducting a literature review allows one to familiarize themselves with a topic, ensure they are not repeating past work, identify gaps their research could address, and develop a theoretical framework. The literature review typically comes early in a research paper, after the introduction, to ground the research in a scholarly field.
This document provides an overview of the structure and purpose of journal articles in the sciences. It discusses the different types of information sources and journal article formats, with a focus on empirical journal articles. The key parts of a research article are described, including the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections. The introduction reviews previous literature and presents hypotheses. The methods section describes operationalized measures and procedures. The results report statistical findings, and the discussion interprets results in relation to hypotheses and literature. The document also provides guidance on effectively reading journal articles by skimming for relevance and deeply reading important sections.
This document discusses break even analysis for a toy manufacturing company. It provides an example where the company has fixed costs of Rs. 5000 and variable costs of Rs. 30 per toy. The company received an order for 1000 toys at a selling price of Rs. 35 per toy.
The document calculates that at this selling price, the total revenue of Rs. 35,000 equals the total costs of Rs. 30,000 in variable costs plus Rs. 5000 in fixed costs. Therefore, the company would break even but make no profit by accepting this order.
The document then provides general explanations of what a break even point is and formulas for calculating break even points based on either units sold or total revenue. It gives another
Writing a research report involves several key steps and considerations. The report should be divided into three main parts - an introduction, the main body, and supplementary materials. The main body will include the statement of objectives, methodology, findings, conclusions and recommendations. Important factors to consider include the objectives, audience, length, language, and format of the report. Proper structure and formatting are essential for effective communication and preservation of the research work.
This document outlines the key steps in data processing:
1. Editing of data to check for errors, omissions, and ensure consistency. This includes field editing by enumerators and central editing.
2. Coding of data which assigns numerical or symbolic codes to categorize responses for analysis and representation.
3. Classification which organizes complex data into logical groups based on attributes. This includes quantitative and qualitative classification.
4. Tabulation of data which summarizes raw data and displays it in a table format for further analysis, including frequency tables and contingency tables. Proper table construction includes clear titles, units of measurement, and footnotes.
This document discusses various sampling methods used in research. It defines population and sample, and describes probability sampling techniques like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. It also covers non-probability sampling methods such as convenience sampling, judgmental sampling, snowball sampling, and quota sampling. The key points are that probability sampling aims for representativeness while non-probability sampling does not, and the appropriate method depends on the research goals and population characteristics.
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3. A literature review...
● Surveys scholarly sources on a specific topic
● Provides an overview of current knowledge
● Points out gaps in existing research
● Appears as part of a dissertation or on its own
4. Purpose of the literature review
✓ Demonstrate familiarity with the topic and scholarly context
✓ Develop a theoretical framework and methodology
✓ Position your approach in relation to other researchers
✓ Show how your research fits in
7. Defining your research problem
● Effects of social media
➠ Social media & body image
➠ Social media & body image among Gen Z
What is the impact of social media on body image among Generation Z?
8. Identifying keywords
● Social media, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok
● Body image, self-perception, self-esteem, mental health
● Generation Z, teenagers, adolescents, youth
9. Where to search
● Your university’s library catalogue
● Google Scholar
● JSTOR
● EBSCO
● Project Muse (humanities and social sciences)
● Medline (life sciences and biomedicine)
● EconLit (economics)
● Inspec (physics, engineering and computer science)
10. Searching efficiently
● Use boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT)
● Read abstracts
● Check bibliographies for more sources
● Note recurring citations
12. Questions to ask about sources
✓ What question is addressed?
✓ What are the key concepts?
✓ What are the key theories and methods?
✓ What are the results and conclusions?
✓ How does it relate to other studies?
✓ What are the key insights and arguments?
✓ What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research?
13. Taking notes
● Quotes
● Summaries of key points
● Source information:
➢ Author name
➢ Title & journal name
➢ Year of publication
➢ Page numbers
15. What to look for
● Trends in the literature over time
● Key themes
● Debates and disagreements
● Pivotal publications
● Research gaps
16. Examples of trends and gaps
✓ Most research focused on young women
✓ Increasing interest in the visual aspects of social media
✗ Lack of research on platforms like Instagram and Snapchat
➠ This is a gap your research could fill
18. Common structures
● Chronological: Organize by time
● Thematic: Organize by theme
● Methodological: Organize by methodology
● Theoretical: Organize by theoretical
approach
20. Format of a literature review
1. Introduction establishing purpose
2. Body analyzing the literature
3. Conclusion summarizing key findings
21. The introduction
Stand-alone literature review:
● Provide background on the topic
● Describe the objectives of the literature review
Dissertation, thesis, or research paper:
● Reiterate the central problem
● Briefly summarize the scholarly context
22. The body
● May be divided into sections
● Analyze and interpret
● Critically evaluate
● Synthesize different sources
● Use well-structured paragraphs
● Cite your sources
23. The conclusion
Stand-alone literature review:
● Discuss the overall implications
● Make suggestions for future research
Dissertation, thesis, or research paper:
● Show how the literature review has informed your approach
● State what gaps your research will address
Editor's Notes
These lecture slides are based on Scribbr’s Knowledge Base article “How to write a literature review,” which can be found here: https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/literature-review/
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This presentation is designed to tell you something about what a literature review is, why you might need to write one, and how to do so.
Audience question: So what do you know about the literature review? What does it involve?
A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic.
It provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on that topic by analyzing and evaluating relevant studies.
As well as looking at what’s already known, it seeks to point out what isn’t yet known – often to provide a justification for your own research.
A literature review can appear as part of a dissertation, thesis, research paper, or proposal, or as a stand-alone assignment.
As part of a longer piece of research, it’s there to ensure you have a thorough understanding of the existing research in your area before embarking on your own.
As its own assignment, it’s there to provide a general evaluation of the state of research on a topic of your choice.
“What Is a Literature Review?” video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkAnKGuX7fs
So why do you need to write a literature review? There are a few main reasons.
The literature review allows you to demonstrate familiarity with your topic and the scholarly literature concerning it. Engagement with the work of other scholars is a key part of academic research and writing.
As part of a larger research project, the literature review also informs the development of your framework and methodology. Seeing the approaches others have taken to your topic and assessing their advantages and disadvantages provides guidance for your own approach.
Part of this is about positioning yourself; your literature review provides a clear indication of your own research’s place in relation to other researchers. Which approaches have informed your own, and which do you reject?
Finally, identifying a gap in the research is crucial to expressing the originality and value of your own research. It’s important for all academic research to demonstrate that it contributes something new and worthwhile to the field.
You know what it is and why it exists; now for the “how” of the literature review.
A useful way to approach your literature review is to look at it as a process in five steps.
The first step is to search for relevant literature. For that, you need to have a clearly defined topic and research problem.
In the case of a longer piece of research, you’ll already have defined these by the time you come to write your literature review.
“How to Search for Relevant Literature” video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u0KVJ0lj8rw
If the literature review is a stand-alone assignment, developing a clearly defined focus will be your first step.
This involves narrowing down your topic to a clearly defined research problem and associated questions.
Take the example shown here. You’re interested in the effects of social media, but that’s a very broad topic that needs to be narrowed down.
So you narrow it down to a specific effect—the relationship between social media and body image. That’s better, but it might still be a bit broad for this kind of research.
Finally, you settle on body image issues in relation to social media among a specific group of people, Generation Z, and you formulate specific questions you want to investigate in the literature.
Keep in mind that you might have to broaden or narrow your research question depending on how much research has been published on your topic.
“Research problem” article: https://www.scribbr.com/research-process/research-problem/
“Research questions” article: https://www.scribbr.com/research-process/research-questions/
Once you have defined your research problem and questions, you can come up with a list of relevant keywords to use in your search.
Try to think comprehensively; come up with synonyms and variants of key terms to make sure you don’t miss anything.
Consider these keywords. You have the main keywords in bold, but equally important are the related terms listed after each one.
You don’t know exactly what language other researchers might have used, so it’s best to cast a broad net to avoid missing anything.
There is a wide variety of research databases to search for relevant studies.
Search the library catalogue, but also try other major databases like Google Scholar and JSTOR.
Some databases are specialized in specific fields—Project Muse covers the humanities and social sciences, for example.
Try searching databases specialized in your field to find more relevant results.
There are a few tricks you can use to search efficiently. The first is using boolean operators.
These are capitalized terms like “AND,” “OR,” and “NOT” in your searches that allow you to exclude or require certain terms in the results.
For example, you might search for “apple NOT fruit” if you’re specifically looking for results about the tech company Apple.
To assess the usefulness of the sources you find, read their abstracts. These are short summaries of the content of an article that allow you to get an impression of them without spending a lot of time reading what may turn out to be an irrelevant article.
Once you’ve found an article that is useful, be sure to check what sources it cites. Reading the bibliography of an article might reveal additional sources to you.
In particular, look out for sources that are cited repeatedly in various articles; these are likely to be important and should not be missed.
Next, you need to evaluate your sources and decide which ones are most relevant to include.
Audience question: Once you’ve got some sources, what do you think are the important questions to ask about each source for evaluation purposes?
These are the kinds of questions to ask about each source:
What question is it asking, what are its key concepts, theories and methods, its results and conclusions?
How does it fit in with other research, and what are its key insights and arguments?
One of the most important things to consider is the quality of the research you’re looking at.
If the author acknowledges any particular strengths or weaknesses, pay attention to these.
But additionally, evaluate the research for yourself: Are there any problems with the research that the author doesn’t notice or acknowledge? Is there any pattern to which approaches tend to be the most successful?
At this stage, there is a lot of information to take in, and taking effective notes is important.
Copy down specific quotes that you might want to integrate into your review—it can be particularly useful to quote definitions of key concepts.
Paraphrase and summarize key points from each source you read.
Also keep note of source information for your bibliography: Full information on each study including the author’s name, the title, the journal in which it was published, and the year of publication.
It’s essential to note down the page numbers where each quote or paraphrase can be found, as you’ll need these for your citations.
Keeping effective notes at this stage will make the writing process a lot smoother.
Now you want to start thinking about what your evaluation of the relevant sources reveals.
You’re looking for identifiable trends in the literature: Themes that come up often, ongoing debates, and gaps in the research.
When you encounter disagreements between different scholars, consider whether the issue they disagree on seems resolved or merits further investigation.
When you encounter a particular article or book that is frequently cited, you can assume it’s a pivotal publication for this subject.
How do researchers position themselves in relation to this publication? Do they consider it authoritative or question its value?
To identify gaps in the research, look at what researchers suggest as possible areas for further research, or consider where different sources disagree.
Could a different approach be taken to explain this apparent contradiction?
“Identify Themes and Gaps” video: https://youtu.be/hMGdwIhiwzU
For example, let’s say we’re reviewing the literature on the relationship between social media and body image issues.
We notice the trend that most research in this area is focused on young women.
We also note that interest in the visual aspects of social media is increasing over time.
However, we also see that relatively little research has been done into highly visual platforms like Instagram and Snapchat.
This represents a noteworthy research gap: There is clear interest in a particular phenomenon, but insufficient research on two of the key platforms where this phenomenon plays out.
A literature review follows the basic structure of most academic writing: It has an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.
There are many different ways to organize your discussion of your sources in the body. I’ll explain a few of the most common approaches to the structure.
A chronological approach involves tracing the development of your topic over time. Try to avoid just listing studies in chronological order; rather, identify trends and turning points and explain how different studies fit into the timeline.
If you take a thematic approach, you’ll organize your review based on a selection of themes within your topic, showing how each theme has been treated by different researchers.
A methodological approach may be appropriate if your topic has been approached with a variety of methods. You can trace how these different methods have been applied and what conclusions have emerged from different approaches.
You can do something similar with a theoretical structure, showing how different theoretical approaches have been applied. This might be especially useful if you’re using your literature review to inform your theoretical framework.
“Outline Your Literature Review’s Structure” video: https://youtu.be/pOK1-H8Vafs
“Theoretical framework” article: https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/theoretical-framework/
Now you’re ready to start writing up your literature review.
Your introduction establishes the purpose of the review; the body directly discusses the literature; and the conclusion summarizes the key findings of the review.
The exact content of each part will vary according to whether you’re writing it as a stand-alone paper or part of a longer text. Let’s take a look at each part of the literature review in turn.
In a stand-alone literature review, your introduction has the broad goals of providing background on the topic under consideration and defining the objectives of the literature review.
Treat this like the introduction to most academic papers: introduce the topic, emphasize its importance, and clearly define your goal in conducting the current literature review.
For a literature review that forms part of a longer paper, the introduction is not the first thing your reader will encounter; they’ve already read the introduction of the paper itself.
Because of this, the introduction of this kind of literature review will reiterate your research problem more briefly and summarize the scholarly context in a way that emphasizes the timeliness or originality of your topic.
The structure of your body will be determined by what you decided in Step 4.
Depending on the length of your literature review, the body may be divided into sections with their own subheadings, or just into paragraphs.
Engage with sources in a critical way; don’t just restate the argument or conclusion of each study—make sure to interpret them, evaluate their usefulness, and synthesize different sources to create a coherent picture of the literature as a whole.
Structure your paragraphs appropriately as you would in any paper: Use a topic sentence to introduce each paragraph, and make appropriate transitions between different topics.
Since this is where you discuss the literature directly, it’s important to include proper citations for each source wherever you quote or paraphrase them.
Follow the citation style you are told to use (e.g. APA, MLA), and consider using a citation generator if you struggle to get them right.
“Transition sentences” article: https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/transition-sentences/
“Topic sentences” article: https://www.scribbr.com/research-paper/topic-sentences/
Scribbr APA citation generator: https://www.scribbr.com/apa-citation-generator/
Scribbr MLA citation generator: https://www.scribbr.com/mla-citation-generator/
The conclusion again looks a bit different depending on the context.
In a stand-alone literature review, this is the end of the paper, and as such your goal here is to discuss the overall implications of your findings and make suggestions for future research on the basis of the gaps and trends you’ve identified in your review.
If this is part of a longer paper, the point here is rather to state how the literature review has informed the approach you will take to the main part of your research, and what gaps that research intends to address.