The document provides guidance on conducting a literature review. It outlines that a literature review critically evaluates prior research relevant to the topic. It should identify what is already known about the research problem and can point out effective and ineffective research strategies. The review should be focused on studies closely related to the research problem. Both qualitative and quantitative researchers may construct literature reviews, but qualitative researchers are more likely to do so after starting their study. The document provides tips for searching literature, evaluating sources, summarizing information, organizing the review, and writing it in an effective manner.
Literature Review (Review of Related Literature - Research Methodology)Dilip Barad
Literature Review or Review of Related Literature is one of the most vital stages in any research. This presentation attempts to throw some light on the process and important aspects of literature review.
A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
Literature Review (Review of Related Literature - Research Methodology)Dilip Barad
Literature Review or Review of Related Literature is one of the most vital stages in any research. This presentation attempts to throw some light on the process and important aspects of literature review.
A literature review is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic area. It documents the state of the art with respect to the subject or topic you are writing about. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
Synopsis - (How to write a effective Synopsis?) Umapati Baragi
Synopsis (si-nop-seez) is a Greek word derived from sýnopsis. syn – together, opsis – seeing.
A synopsis is a brief summary or condensed statement giving a general view of the subject selected.
Synopsis - (How to write a effective Synopsis?) Umapati Baragi
Synopsis (si-nop-seez) is a Greek word derived from sýnopsis. syn – together, opsis – seeing.
A synopsis is a brief summary or condensed statement giving a general view of the subject selected.
Researchers almost never conduct a study in an intellectual vacuum: their studies are undertaken within the context of an already existing knowledge base.
Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge". It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error.
The role of the literature review Your literature review gives y.docxoreo10
The role of the literature review
Your literature review gives your readers an understanding of the evolution of scholarly research on your topic.
In your literature review you will:
•survey the scholarly landscape
•provide a synthesis of the issues, trends, and concepts
•possibly provide some historical background
Throughout the literature review, your emphasis should fall on the current scholarly conversation. This is why the rubric often specifies that you need resources from peer-reviewed journals, published within the last five years of your anticipated graduation date. It's in these recent, peer-reviewed journals that the scholarly debate is being carried out!
The literature review also shows the "gap" in the conversation -- and how your own doctoral study will fill that gap and contribute to the scholarly knowledge. This is where you make the case for the importance and usefulness for your own work.
Searching comprehensively
Your literature review should be as comprehensive as possible -- you want to include all of the relevant resources dealing with your topic. Missing important articles or researchers will significantly weaken your scholarship! So, searching comprehensively becomes important.
To ensuring comprehensiveness:
•Identify the databases that will cover your topic
◦Spend some time reading the descriptions of the databases in your subject area
◦Contact the Library to get advice from a librarian on appropriate databases
◦Some topics cross over subject/theoretical boundaries, and librarians can suggest databases that you may not have considered
•Search in more than one database
◦Some of our databases are huge, containing thousands of journals, but no single database covers every journal relevant to a topic
◦Searching in each relevant database, one at a time, gives you a better sense of control over your search, as well as a more accurate idea of the journals/databases that you've covered
Using a multi-database search (such as Thoreau) is not necessarily recommended; in doing so, you lose the ability to use subject terms and search limits that may be unique to each database.
•Explore resources outside of the databases:
◦Government websites
◦Professional organizations
◦Research groups
◦Think tanks
These can all be important sources of statistics and reliable information. These will not be peer-reviewed resources (i.e. since they are not journals, they do not employ the same sort of editorial process that results in peer-review). Evaluating for reliability is important!
Beyond the Library: Google Scholar
Google Scholar provides a good way to take your search beyond the databases; it searches very broadly and will pull in resources you may not have discovered before.
Google's definition of scholarly includes government sites, think tanks, research organizations, journal websites, and of course colleges and universities.
Unfortunately, there is no way to limit your Google Scholar search to only peer-reviewed res ...
A literature review is a survey of academic sources on a particular project topic. It gives an overview of the ebb and flows information, permitting you to distinguish significant hypotheses, strategies, and holes in the current research.
A literature review is to show your reader that you have read, and have a good grasp of, the main published work concerning a particular topic or question in your field.
Please See Instructions belowallready have references articles a.docxDIPESH30
Please See Instructions below
allready have references articles and abstract
Strict APA format
No Plageriasm
writing sample appreciated especially if you have completed a literature Review
Literature Review Instructions
What Is a Literature Review?
A literature review is a survey and a discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has been studied, argued, and established about a topic; it is generally organized chronologically or thematically. A literature review is also written in essay format.
A literature review is not an annotated bibliography because it groups related works together and discusses trends and developments rather than focusing on one item at a time. It is also not a summary; rather, a literature review evaluates previous and current research in regards to how relevant and/or useful it is and how it relates to your own research.
Therefore, a literature review is
more
than an annotated bibliography or a summary because you are organizing and presenting your sources in terms of their overall relationship to your problem statement.
A literature review is written to highlight specific arguments and ideas in a field of study. By highlighting these arguments, the writer attempts to show what has been studied in the field and also where there are weaknesses, gaps, or areas needing further study. The literature review must also demonstrate to the reader why the writer’s research is useful, necessary, important, and valid.
Literature reviews can have different types of audiences, so consider why and for whom you are writing your review. For example, many literature reviews are written as a chapter for a thesis or dissertation in order to support a proposal or are written in order to help the writer develop a base of knowledge in a particular business area.
Asking the following questions will assist you in sifting through your sources and organizing your literature review. Remember, your Literature Review organizes the previous research in light of what you are planning to do in your own project.
What's been done in this topic area to date? What are the significant discoveries, key concepts, arguments, and/or theories that scholars have put forward? Which are the important works?
On which particular areas of the topic has previous research concentrated? Have there been developments over time? What methodologies have been used?
Are there any gaps in the research? Are there areas that have not been looked at closely yet but should be? Are there new ways of looking at the topic?
Are there improved methodologies for researching this subject?
What future directions should research in this subject take?
How will your research build on or depart from current and previous research on the topic? What contribution will your research make to the field?
How Do I Organize and Structure the Literature Review?
There are several ways to organize and structure a literature review. Two common way.
RSHUM 806
Literature Review Grading Rubric
Student:
Criteria
10 points
8 points
6 points
4 points
0 points
Points Earned
Abstract
The abstract is a brief, focused description of the contents of the paper
Generally focused on the contents of the paper
Somewhat focused on a broad topic
Scattered, random writing without focus
N/A
Introduction
Clearly and concisely articulates the topic of study, states the research question(s) motivating the investigation, and discusses the theoretical/conceptual framework and historical background for the study
Discusses the topic of study, the research question(s), and the theoretical/ conceptual framework or historical background for the study
The topic of study and research question(s) are unclear. The framework and background for the study are vague
Unfocused and wandering discussion; missing multiple required elements
N/A
Discussion of Key Terms
Keywords and essential terms are clearly discussed and defined using direct support from authoritative sources on the topic; includes citations
Keywords and essential terms are clearly discussed and defined
Definitions of keywords and essential terms are ambiguous or vague
Missing multiple required elements
N/A
40 points
30 points
20 points
10 points
0 points
Review of the Literature
Relevant research findings are tightly synthesized and organized by themes/categories; uses a balanced amount of direct quotation; includes citations to support findings
Research findings are organized by themes/categories; uses direct quotations and includes citations to support findings
Research findings are summarized by study, rather than synthesized by themes/categories; direct quotations are used either too heavily or too sparingly
Fails to include relevant research or includes findings unrelated to the topic; sources of argumentation and support unclear
N/A
10 points
8 points
6 points
4 points
0 points
Summary/ Conclusion
Includes a focused summary of key findings from the review; gaps in the literature and recommendations for future research are clearly discussed
Includes a summary of key findings from the review; gaps in the literature and recommendations for future research are identified
Summary of key findings is unfocused or inconsistent with the review; gaps in the literature or recommendations for future research are vague
Unfocused and wandering summary; missing multiple required elements
N/A
Grammar, Usage, & Mechanics
0–2 errors
3–4 errors
5 errors
6–8 errors
More than 8 errors
APA Format
0–2 APA errors
3–5 APA errors
6–7 APA errors
8–9 APA errors
More than 10 APA errors
Total:
Instructor Comments:
Gradaute Rearch Course Dr. Arbelo
Writing Guide for the Literature Review
I. Prewriting involves the preparation and arrangement of your ideas before writing them into a paper. Use whatever techniques work for you (e.g.–Freewriting, Brainstorming, Listing, Outlining, Questioning, Clustering). Your research and documentation are accomplished durin.
BUSI 610Literature Review Title Page and Outline Rubric(50 P.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
BUSI 610
Literature Review
Title Page and Outline Rubric
(50 Points)
Criteria
Levels of Achievement
Content
70%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not present
Title Page and Outline: Content
32 to 35 points
The title page and outline are present. The title page contains the required components. The outline is well developed and includes headings and subheadings. The framework of the Literature review is apparent and well established. It includes all the required components as follows:
· Title page
· Abstract
· Introduction
· Findings
· Conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions for further study
· References
29 to 31 points
The title page and outline are present. Most of the components of the title page and outline are present. The outline contains headings and some subheadings. The framework of the Literature review can be seen but work is required.
1 to 28 points
The title page or outline are not complete. Many components are not present for the title page and/or the outline. The framework of the Literature Review is not apparent.
0 points
Not present
Structure 30%
Advanced
Proficient
Developing
Not present
Title Page and Outline: Grammar and Spelling, APA formatting
(30%)
14 to 15 points
Spelling and grammar are correct. The assignment includes an outline that was per the APA format (Alphanumeric, Full sentence, or decimal). The entries are properly formatted. A cover sheet (title page) is present that is formatted per APA.
13 points
Spelling and grammar has some errors. Some APA formatting issues are present. A cover sheet (title page) is present that is formatted per APA.
1 to 12 points
Spelling and grammar errors distract. The annotations are poorly formed. APA formatting is not used. There is not a cover sheet (title page) present or it is not formatted per APA
0 points
Not present
BUSI 610
Literature Review Instructions
What Is a Literature Review?
A literature review is a survey and a discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has been studied, argued, and established about a topic; it is generally organized chronologically or thematically. A literature review is also written in essay format.
A literature review is not an annotated bibliography because it groups related works together and discusses trends and developments rather than focusing on one item at a time. It is also not a summary; rather, a literature review evaluates previous and current research in regards to how relevant and/or useful it is and how it relates to your own research. Therefore, a literature review is more than an annotated bibliography or a summary because you are organizing and presenting your sources in terms of their overall relationship to your problem statement.
A literature review is written to highlight specific arguments and ideas in a field of study. By highlighting these arguments, the writer attempts to show what has been studied in the field and also where there are weaknesses, ga.
Literature Review
A literature review surveys books, scholarly articles, and any other sources relevant to a particular issue, area of research, or theory, and by so doing, provides a description, summary, and critical evaluation of these works in relation to the research problem being investigated.
Types of literature review
On the purpose of research there are 5 main types of literature review:
Narrative Literature Review
Argumentative Literature Review
Theoretical Literature Review
Integrative Literature Review
Systematic Literature Review
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2. Literature Review
Literature Review is the critical evaluation of prior
research that is relevant to your research studies.
The review of related literature involves
systematically identifying, locating, and analyzing
documents pertaining to the research problem.
The major purpose of reviewing the literature is to
identify information that already exists about your
research problem.
The literature review can point out research
strategies, procedures, and instruments that have and
have not been found to be productive in
investigating your research problem.
3. Cont…
A smaller, well-organized review is preferred
to a review containing many studies that are
less related to your research problem.
Heavily researched areas usually provide
enough references directly related to a
problem to eliminate the need for reporting
less-related or secondary studies. Little
researched problems usually require review
of any study related in some meaningful way
so that the researcher may develop a logical
framework and rationale for the study.
4. Cont…
Qualitative researchers are more likely to construct
the review after starting their study, whereas
quantitative researchers are more likely to construct
the review prior to starting their study.
The qualitative research review of related literature
may demonstrate the underlying assumptions behind
the research questions, convince proposal reviewers
that the researcher is knowledgeable about
intellectual traditions, provide the researcher with an
opportunity to identify any gaps in the body of
literature and how the proposed study may
contribute to the existing body of knowledge, and
help the qualitative researcher to refine research
questions.
5. Cont…
How to Review Literature?
Identifying Keywords: Most sources have an alphabetical
subject index or a thesaurus to help you locate information
on your research problem. In addition, most databases
generate subject headings or descriptors with the search
results. Maintaining a list of keywords should guide your
literature search.
Identifying Your Sources: A good way to start a review of
related literature is with a narrow search of pertinent
educational encyclopedias, handbooks, and annual reviews
found in libraries. These resources provide broad overviews
of issues in various subject areas. Consult with the subject
librarian who specializes in your discipline to learn what
sources are available and how to access and retrieve needed
information.
6. Cont..
Most libraries use an online catalog system as
well as collective catalogs to access materials
from other libraries. You should familiarize
yourself with your library, the library
website, and the resources available within
and beyond your library.
An article or report written by the person who
conducted the study is a primary source.
A brief description of a study written by
someone other than the original researcher is
a secondary source.
Primary sources are preferred in the review.
7. Cont..
Internet search tools and resources continue to
develop to include more primary sources and
background information. Good research goes
beyond simply googling a problem to searching
Google Scholar, Google Books, YouTube EDU,
blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, discussion groups, and
more.
Evaluating Your Sources: It is important to
evaluate all literature sources by determining the
following: What is the problem statement of the
study? Is the study relevant given your research
interests? Who or what are the sample groups
studied? Where was the study published? When was
the study conducted? How was study conducted?
8. Cont..
Summarizing your sources: Summarize and classify your
sources on the basis of quality, relevance, accuracy and
importance to your work.
The main advantage of beginning with the latest references
on your research problem is that the most recent studies are
likely to have profited from previous research. References in
recent studies often contain references to previous studies
you have not yet identified.
For each source work, list the complete bibliographic record,
including author's name, date of publication, title, journal
name or book title, volume number, issue number, page
numbers, and library call number. Briefly list main ideas. Put
quotation marks around quotes taken from the source, and
include page numbers.
9. Organizing the Literature Review
Describing and reporting research call for a specialized style
of writing. Technical writing requires documenting facts and
substantiating opinions, clarifying definitions and using them
consistently, using an accepted style manual, and starting
sections with an introduction and ending them with a brief
summary.
When organizing a review, make an outline; sort references
by problem; analyze the similarities and differences between
references in a given subheading; give a meaningful
overview in which you discuss references least related to the
problem first; and conclude with a brief summary of the
literature and its implications.
10. Characteristics of Effective Literature Reviews
Outlining important research trends
Assessing the strengths and
weaknesses of existing research
Establishing a need for current and/or
future research projects
11. Principles of literature review
Do not be biased (it’s not persuasive)
Present both sides of an argument and
show why your side is more important
Mix argument with explanations
Write at the level of your audience
Move from general to specific
12. Process for writing Lit: Review
Make YOUR rough argument
Read 3 or 4 key texts of relevance
Remake YOUR rough argument
Identify points needing support
Find references covering those points
Match references to YOUR argument
Revise your argument if necessary
13. Steps for Writing a Lit Review
Planning
Reading and
Research
Analyzing
Drafting
Revising
19. What should you write?
the accepted facts in the area
the popular opinion
the main variables
the relationship between concepts and
variables
shortcomings in the existing findings
limitations in the methods used in the
existing findings
the relevance of your research
suggestions for further research in the area.
20. A Good Literature Review is:
Focused - The topic should be narrow. You
should only present ideas and only report on
studies that are closely related to topic.
Concise - Ideas should be presented
economically. Don’t take any more space
than you need to present your ideas.
Logical - The flow within and among
paragraphs should be a smooth, logical
progression from one idea to the next
21. Cont;
Developed - Don’t leave the story half told.
Integrative - Your paper should stress how
the ideas in the studies are related. Focus on
the big picture. What commonality do all the
studies share? How are some studies
different than others? Your paper should
stress how all the studies reviewed contribute
to your topic.
Current - Your review should focus on work
being done on the cutting edge of your topic.
22. Elements of LR
Literature reviews should comprise the following elements:
An overview of the subject, issue or theory under
consideration, along
objectives of the literature review
Division of works under review into categories (e.g. those
in support of a particular position, those against, and those
offering alternative theses entirely)
Explanation of how each work is similar to and how it
varies from the others
Conclusions as to which pieces are best considered in their
argument, are most convincing of their opinions, and
make the greatest contribution to the understanding and
development of their area of research
23. Layout
Make sure your literature review have an academic
and professional appearance. Here are some points
to make the look of your report appealing to the
reader
White space: leave space between sections,
especially from the abstract. This gives an
uncluttered effect.
Headings/sub-headings: these help to separate
ideas.
Text boxes: you can use these for quotations or
paraphrasing to separate them from the rest of your
text. It is also pleasing to the eye.
24. Cont;
Graphics: centre your graphics, such as
diagrams or tables, to have space around
them. Try not to bury graphics in your text.
Pagination: you can number pages or
sections or both, but the important thing to
do is to be consistent. The cover page
normally is not numbered. The content page
and abstract page usually have a separate
numbering system to the body of your
literature review.
25. Cont;
Language focus
Create a balance between direct quotation
(citation) and paraphrasing.
Avoid too much direct quoting.
The verb tense chosen depends on your
emphasis:
When you are citing a specific author's findings,
use the past tense: (found, demonstrated);
When you are writing about an accepted fact, use
the present tense: (demonstrates, finds); and
When you are citing several authors or making a
general statement, use the present perfect tense:
(have shown, have found, little research has been
done).
26. Citation styles
Sentence-initial citations
– Prensky (2004) argues that mobile phones have become
a part of most students’ identities.
Clause-final citations
– Mobile phones have become a part of most students’
identities (Prensky, 2004).
Rough rule: 80+% of citations should be clause-
final
Sentence-initial citations are used mainly for in-
depth explanations of theory
27. Final checklist
Have I fulfilled the purpose of the
literature review?
Is it written at a level appropriate to its
audience?
Are its facts correct?
Is all the information included relevant?
Are the layout and presentation easy on
the eye?
Is the language clear, concise and
academic?
28. Cont;
What is the scope of my literature review?
How good was my information seeking?
Has my search been wide enough to ensure
I've found all the relevant material?
Has it been narrow enough to exclude
irrelevant material?
Is the number of sources I've used
appropriate for the length of my paper?
29. Cont;
Does the abstract summarizes the entire
review?
Does the introduction adequately
introduce the topic?
Is the body organized logically?
Have I acknowledged all sources of
information through correct referencing?
Have I checked spelling, grammar and
punctuation?
Have I carefully proof-read the final draft?
30. References
Lectures of Dr. Arshad at I.E.R session 2012
Galvan, J. (2006). Writing literature reviews: a guide for
students of the behavioral sciences ( 3rd ed.). Glendale, CA:
Pyrczak Publishing.
American Psychological Association
(APA)(1994).Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (Fourth edition). Washington,
DC.
Centre of Advanced Study in Education (1999-
2000).Research Methodology, Vadodara : The
M.S.University of Baroda..
Cohen, L. and Manion, L.(1989). Research methods in
education, 3rd edition. London: Croom Helm.
Krathwohl, D. R. (1988). How to prepare a research
proposal: