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Research 101: Qualitative Data Analysis
Harold Gamero
Data analysis
• The objective of the analysis is to make sense of the unstructured data.
• The process, which can be cyclical, is the following:
Synthesis
Theming
Coding
Review
Data analysis
Synthesis
Theming
Coding
Review
• Read the transcripts
• Make notes with first impressions
• Highlight relevant words, phrases or even paragraphs
• Something can be relevant when: appears more than once, the
interviewee has stated its importance, it appears in previous
theories, or other reasons
Data analysis
Synthesis
Theming
Review
Coding
• Codes are tags or labels for assigning units of meaning
• Created from words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs
• Can be based on existing theories and concepts or be completely
new (or both)
• We can have lots of codes (initially)
• Never forget the initial aim and characteristics of the elected design
Clean (intelligent) verbatim
AGE
Escape / Travel
Racial bias / motivation
Boredom
Where Do
We Look for
Meaning?
Whose
Interpretation?
What Is
the Unit of
Analysis?
What Is
Outcome Goal?
Ethnography Culture
Balance of
researcher and
participant
Community Cultural map
Phenomenology
Experience of
phenomenon
Co-researchers
Individuals and
groups
Essence of
phenomenon
Case Study
Characteristics
of bounded
system
Researcher
Organization,
group, individual,
or critical incident
Describe and
interpret case
Textual Analysis
Language and
symbols
Researcher
Texts or
conversation
Interpretation
Applied Research
Constructed
experience with
program
Collaboration of
participants and
researcher
Individual, group,
or organization
Evaluation/
problem solving
Qualitative designs comparison
Data analysis
Synthesis
Coding
Review
Theming
• Themes are common, recurring patterns, clustered around a central
concept
• Created grouping codes that are related.
• Not all the initial codes have to be used, some can be dropped,
combined, split or changed.
• Try to be unbiased, creative and open-minded.
• Themes can be different in nature (different types of codes).
• Name the themes.
Example: Personality dimensions
Example: Personality dimensions
Competitive
Controlled
Anxious Curious Team player
Organized
Stress free
Focused
Conservative
Shy
Ambitious
Flexible
Introvert
Sociable
Extrovert
Spontaneous
Reserved
Example: Personality dimensions
Personality
Competitive
Controlled
Anxious
Curious Team player
Organized
Stress free
Focused
Conservative
Shy
Ambitious
Flexible
Introvert
Sociable
Extrovert
Spontaneous
Reserved
Openness
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Data analysis
Theming
Coding
Review
Synthesis
• Search for connections between the themes
• Describe and search for explanations about this connections
• This will be the main result of the research
• Decide if there is any hierarchy within the themes
Example: Personality dimensions
Personality
Competitive
Controlled
Anxious
Curious Team player
Organized
Stress free
Focused
Conservative
Shy
Ambitious
Flexible
Introvert
Sociable
Extrovert
Spontaneous
Reserved
Openness
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Big Five
Model
Thank you.
Harold Gamero

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Research 101: Qualitative Data Analysis.

  • 1. Research 101: Qualitative Data Analysis Harold Gamero
  • 2. Data analysis • The objective of the analysis is to make sense of the unstructured data. • The process, which can be cyclical, is the following: Synthesis Theming Coding Review
  • 3. Data analysis Synthesis Theming Coding Review • Read the transcripts • Make notes with first impressions • Highlight relevant words, phrases or even paragraphs • Something can be relevant when: appears more than once, the interviewee has stated its importance, it appears in previous theories, or other reasons
  • 4. Data analysis Synthesis Theming Review Coding • Codes are tags or labels for assigning units of meaning • Created from words, phrases, sentences or paragraphs • Can be based on existing theories and concepts or be completely new (or both) • We can have lots of codes (initially) • Never forget the initial aim and characteristics of the elected design
  • 5. Clean (intelligent) verbatim AGE Escape / Travel Racial bias / motivation Boredom
  • 6. Where Do We Look for Meaning? Whose Interpretation? What Is the Unit of Analysis? What Is Outcome Goal? Ethnography Culture Balance of researcher and participant Community Cultural map Phenomenology Experience of phenomenon Co-researchers Individuals and groups Essence of phenomenon Case Study Characteristics of bounded system Researcher Organization, group, individual, or critical incident Describe and interpret case Textual Analysis Language and symbols Researcher Texts or conversation Interpretation Applied Research Constructed experience with program Collaboration of participants and researcher Individual, group, or organization Evaluation/ problem solving Qualitative designs comparison
  • 7. Data analysis Synthesis Coding Review Theming • Themes are common, recurring patterns, clustered around a central concept • Created grouping codes that are related. • Not all the initial codes have to be used, some can be dropped, combined, split or changed. • Try to be unbiased, creative and open-minded. • Themes can be different in nature (different types of codes). • Name the themes.
  • 9. Example: Personality dimensions Competitive Controlled Anxious Curious Team player Organized Stress free Focused Conservative Shy Ambitious Flexible Introvert Sociable Extrovert Spontaneous Reserved
  • 10. Example: Personality dimensions Personality Competitive Controlled Anxious Curious Team player Organized Stress free Focused Conservative Shy Ambitious Flexible Introvert Sociable Extrovert Spontaneous Reserved Openness Conscientiousness Agreeableness Extraversion Neuroticism
  • 11. Data analysis Theming Coding Review Synthesis • Search for connections between the themes • Describe and search for explanations about this connections • This will be the main result of the research • Decide if there is any hierarchy within the themes
  • 12. Example: Personality dimensions Personality Competitive Controlled Anxious Curious Team player Organized Stress free Focused Conservative Shy Ambitious Flexible Introvert Sociable Extrovert Spontaneous Reserved Openness Conscientiousness Agreeableness Extraversion Neuroticism