Dear Colleague,
On behalf of the IJMSIR Panel of Directors, we invite you to join us
at the IJMSIR special symposium training 2020 to be held in
Catholic University of Ghana (CUG) Virtually on Microsoft Team.
The conference is a great way to be inspired by our keynote
speakers, engage in debates with other scholars, and enjoy our
social functions and the hospitality of CUG. New delegates are
always welcome so please spread the word to others.
This sentence presents the research problem.
"This work presents the performance of a solar drying system consisting
of an air heater and a dryer chamber connected to a greenhouse."
This sentence states the objective of the research.
This chapter discusses preparing and evaluating research plans for quantitative and qualitative research. For quantitative research plans, it describes the key components - introduction, method, data analysis, and timeline/budget. The introduction includes the topic, literature review, and hypotheses. The method section outlines the participants, instruments, design, procedures, and data analysis. Qualitative research plans are more emergent and flexible in their design. They include components like the title, introduction with purpose and research questions, and procedures for conducting the study. Both types of plans should justify the research problem and present detailed, well-thought out steps to guide the study.
Thesis research topic selection mentoring service help ph d assistance ukPhD Assistance
If you are struggling to select a best and interesting PhD Dissertation Topics for British University, then PhD Assistance Research Lab Experts help you in researching a unique and researchable PhD Research Topic that reflects a whole study
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Research has become an essential tool for solving problems and driving development. It addresses basic human needs and accounts for scarce natural resources by developing new production methods and technologies through advances found via research. Progress today relies on continuous research efforts that push back boundaries of knowledge and produce new products, facts, and methods each year, as seen by rapid development worldwide. Research serves to systematically build upon existing understanding and discover new knowledge needed to effectively address challenges.
Chapter 1 ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGYHazrina Haja
Guide to Introduction of research and Chapter 1. Focus area: architecture but not limited to.Research Methodology Class BAGS6106 in University of Malaya, Malaysia. Feb 2019
This document provides a review of the book "Architectural Research Methods" by Linda Groat and David Wang. The review summarizes the book's contents and approach. It notes that the book aims to introduce research methods and strategies for architectural scholars and practitioners. However, the review also critiques some of the book's limitations, such as its US-centered perspective and lack of coverage of quantitative research methods important to fields like architectural history. Overall, the review concludes that the book provides a useful introductory text for novice architectural researchers but has room for improvement.
To know different types of research methods
To identify different parts of a research report
To Identifying research questions
To know Web-based searches
This sentence presents the research problem.
"This work presents the performance of a solar drying system consisting
of an air heater and a dryer chamber connected to a greenhouse."
This sentence states the objective of the research.
This chapter discusses preparing and evaluating research plans for quantitative and qualitative research. For quantitative research plans, it describes the key components - introduction, method, data analysis, and timeline/budget. The introduction includes the topic, literature review, and hypotheses. The method section outlines the participants, instruments, design, procedures, and data analysis. Qualitative research plans are more emergent and flexible in their design. They include components like the title, introduction with purpose and research questions, and procedures for conducting the study. Both types of plans should justify the research problem and present detailed, well-thought out steps to guide the study.
Thesis research topic selection mentoring service help ph d assistance ukPhD Assistance
If you are struggling to select a best and interesting PhD Dissertation Topics for British University, then PhD Assistance Research Lab Experts help you in researching a unique and researchable PhD Research Topic that reflects a whole study
Website Visit :
https://phdassistance.co.uk/
Contact Us:
UK NO: UK: +44 7537144372
India No: +91-9176966446
Email us : info@phdassistance.co.uk
Research has become an essential tool for solving problems and driving development. It addresses basic human needs and accounts for scarce natural resources by developing new production methods and technologies through advances found via research. Progress today relies on continuous research efforts that push back boundaries of knowledge and produce new products, facts, and methods each year, as seen by rapid development worldwide. Research serves to systematically build upon existing understanding and discover new knowledge needed to effectively address challenges.
Chapter 1 ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGYHazrina Haja
Guide to Introduction of research and Chapter 1. Focus area: architecture but not limited to.Research Methodology Class BAGS6106 in University of Malaya, Malaysia. Feb 2019
This document provides a review of the book "Architectural Research Methods" by Linda Groat and David Wang. The review summarizes the book's contents and approach. It notes that the book aims to introduce research methods and strategies for architectural scholars and practitioners. However, the review also critiques some of the book's limitations, such as its US-centered perspective and lack of coverage of quantitative research methods important to fields like architectural history. Overall, the review concludes that the book provides a useful introductory text for novice architectural researchers but has room for improvement.
To know different types of research methods
To identify different parts of a research report
To Identifying research questions
To know Web-based searches
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, including selecting research questions, choosing relevant sources and search terms, running searches in bibliographic databases, and screening results. Key steps include breaking the research question into concepts, identifying subject headings and text words for each, running searches and combining results, and applying practical and methodological screening criteria to identify the most useful studies. The goal is to synthesize current knowledge on the topic to support new research.
Open Access Digital Library of Benguet State University and its Future to Dis...Lauren Kipaan
The document discusses the Open Access Digital Library (OADL) of Benguet State University, its history and development, current status, and future challenges. Some key points:
- The BSU OADL was launched in 2010 and is the only government digital library in the Philippines listed on OpenDOAR and Webometrics.
- It aims to archive and provide open access to born-digital and digitized materials from BSU. Content is hosted using the Greenstone digital library software.
- As of 2012, analytics showed the site was receiving visits but awareness, acceptance, and utilization among BSU community needed improvement.
- A study in 2013-2014 found students had better utilization than
Research Methods in Architecture - Literature Review - البحث المعمارى - البحث...Galala University
This document discusses literature reviews as an important part of the research process in architecture. It begins by defining a literature review as a survey of sources that produces more lasting and widely useful knowledge. It then outlines the main components and purposes of conducting a literature review, including exploring existing knowledge on a topic, identifying gaps, and situating a research question within a body of literature. The document also compares annotated bibliographies to literature reviews and discusses organizing, taking notes, and retrieving information found during the review process.
This document outlines the key components of a research proposal, including an introduction that establishes the problem, research questions, and objectives; a literature review that connects the planned research to current knowledge and summarizes prior studies; a methodology section describing the research design, participants, data collection instruments, and data analysis procedures; and a references list.
1) The document provides guidance on writing a PhD research proposal, including what content to include and stylistic rules to follow.
2) Key elements to include are a title, abstract, background on existing research, hypothesis, objectives, methodology, dissemination plan, supervisory support, and timeline.
3) Proposals should be clear, objective, and realistic. Justify why the research is important and how it will benefit society. Follow formatting guidelines and deadlines.
This document outlines the key components of developing a research proposal, including research design, methodology, and structure. It discusses developing a purpose statement, objectives, and significance of the study. It also covers determining appropriate research questions and hypotheses, considering limitations and delimitations, and addressing ethical considerations. Finally, it provides guidance on structuring a proposal, including an introduction to justify the problem and significance, and an outline of the required sections. The overall goal is to provide researchers with a plan for conducting their proposed study and guidelines for writing their proposal.
The document provides guidance on how to write a research proposal. It discusses key components of a research proposal including an introduction, background, purpose, objectives, literature review, methodology, and work plan. The introduction should provide context and explain why the research topic is important. The background discusses previous related work. The purpose clearly states what will be investigated. Objectives should be specific and measurable. The methodology section describes how data will be collected and analyzed. A work plan outlines the timeline and responsibilities.
This document provides guidance on writing a scientific research proposal. It discusses key elements that should be included such as an informative title, background information and rationale for the study, clear research questions, a thorough literature review, well-defined objectives, appropriate research methods and study design, details on subjects and sampling, plans for statistical analysis, and references. Important criteria for evaluating proposals are also covered, such as having a good research question, feasible methods, a qualified research team, and addressing ethical issues. The document emphasizes that a proposal must clearly explain what will be accomplished, why it is worth pursuing, and how the study will be conducted.
This document outlines the eight steps of the research process: 1) formulating a research problem, 2) conceptualizing a research design, 3) constructing an instrument for data collection, 4) selecting a sample, 5) writing a research proposal, 6) collecting data, 7) processing data, and 8) writing a research report. It emphasizes that research must go through an organized process regardless of size. It also discusses literature reviews, their purpose in bringing clarity to the research problem and improving methodology, and the four-step process of searching, reviewing, developing theoretical/conceptual frameworks, and writing up the literature review.
What are the Different Research Design / Ways That I can Approach My Law Dis...PhD Assistance
This document discusses different research designs and approaches that can be used for a law dissertation. It begins by introducing the topic and stating that a public-private partnership model is often used for legal PhD dissertations. It then outlines the steps in a typical research design process, including identifying a topic and problem, formulating research questions and hypotheses, choosing a methodology, defining the significance of the research, using theories, and conducting a literature review. The document also discusses qualitative and quantitative methodologies and different approaches to socio-legal research like quantitative methods, participant observation, interviews, and analyzing qualitative data. It emphasizes developing a conceptual framework and considering research ethics.
This document discusses content analysis as a qualitative data analysis technique. It begins by defining content analysis as a method to systematically reduce and categorize textual data to identify patterns and relationships. The document then outlines the coding process, describing codes as labels assigned to segments of text that are then grouped into categories. It provides examples of different types of codes and discusses hierarchical coding structures. Steps in the content analysis process are also outlined, from defining research questions to data analysis and interpretation. Issues of reliability in content analysis are raised at the end.
This document provides a framework for a research proposal in education. It discusses the key components of an effective research proposal, including an introduction with the title, problem statement, objectives and hypotheses. It also covers the literature review, significance of the study, definition of terms, delimitations, assumptions, data collection procedures, data analysis procedures, bibliography, time schedule and budget. The proposal framework is intended to guide researchers in developing well-structured research proposals that clearly outline their planned study.
This document provides guidance on how to write a research proposal. It begins by defining research as the systematic investigation of data to establish facts and reach new conclusions. A research proposal summarizes the intended research project and demonstrates the writer's critical thinking and communication skills. The document then outlines the key components of a research proposal, including the title, introduction, aims and objectives, methodology, and bibliography. It emphasizes that the proposal should be clear, concise, coherent and demonstrate critical thinking. The writer should get feedback and ensure the elevator pitch explanation is understandable.
The document provides guidance on writing an effective research proposal. It discusses key factors to consider such as having a significant research problem or idea, clearly describing the problem or idea, and aligning with funding priorities. It outlines important sections to include such as objectives, methodology, timeline, budget, and qualifications. Factors that proposals cannot control like agency politics and competition are noted. The document emphasizes that proposals should be carefully researched, planned, and executed to maximize quality and chance of funding.
Research proposals are documents prepared before a research project begins that describe the proposed research problem, its significance, and planned procedures. They help researchers clarify their thinking and ensure research questions and methods are sufficiently refined. Proposals also allow others to provide feedback to improve the study's design and potential contribution. Students preparing proposals for a dissertation or thesis should carefully choose an advisor and committee who can offer guidance throughout the research process.
This presentation emphasizes key components of Research Proposal, Essentials of Good Research Title, Importance of Title, Framing of Research Title with examples, Importance of Introduction, Statement of Research Problem with examples, Irrelevant Research Objectives, Inter-Disciplinary Relevance, Literature Review, Importance of Research Methodology, Budget and Financial Assistance Required, Limitations, Competence of Researcher, and Funding Agencies.
This is a presentation slide I prepared for a workshop in my university UTeM for young researchers on how to write a good research proposal. A certain content in the slide is in context with our University or Malaysia's rules/guidance of applying the grant, but the rest is I am sure, should be a general guidance.
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal for various audiences such as academic, industry, and government. It defines a research proposal as a presentation that argues for support of a future project. The proposal must convince the audience that the author is qualified and that the research deserves funding or approval. It discusses key sections like introducing the research problem, reviewing prior literature to show gaps, and describing the proposed methodology. The document emphasizes tailoring the proposal to the intended audience and following any guidelines they provide.
This document discusses the components and purpose of a research proposal. A research proposal outlines an intended research activity and acts as a contract between the researcher and funding institution. It should be a straightforward, logically organized document that includes an introduction with the problem statement and objectives, a literature review, methodology section describing the research design and analysis, and a time schedule. The methodology section focuses on either qualitative or quantitative approaches depending on which the study will use. A research proposal demonstrates a researcher's ability to clearly plan a research project.
This document outlines the key steps and considerations for determining a research design, including identifying a research problem, assessing available information, developing a theoretical framework, and writing a research proposal. The main steps are to identify the research problem, determine the purpose of the research, develop a theoretical framework, define the research question/hypothesis, identify any limitations or delimitations of the study, and decide on an appropriate methodology. Good research requires a clear statement of objectives, an appropriate methodology, unbiased conduct, sufficient resources, and adherence to ethical standards.
Research is a systematic and organized process of finding answers to questions. It involves following defined procedures and steps to obtain accurate results. The goal of research is to discover answers through a planned and focused inquiry. Research methods vary by discipline but generally involve experiments, surveys, interviews or other creative projects to build upon existing knowledge and provide new insights. The scientific process typically involves setting a goal, designing a study, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and communicating findings to add to the ongoing collaborative effort of research.
This document provides an overview and summary of key concepts related to research methodology and data collection. It discusses topics such as research methodology, types of research, research paper writing tips, determining quality in research papers, referencing styles, hypothesis testing, sampling methods, and data collection. The document emphasizes the importance of proper planning, organization, referencing, and following ethical guidelines when conducting research. It aims to equip students and early-career researchers with fundamental knowledge on best practices in research.
This document provides guidance on conducting a literature review, including selecting research questions, choosing relevant sources and search terms, running searches in bibliographic databases, and screening results. Key steps include breaking the research question into concepts, identifying subject headings and text words for each, running searches and combining results, and applying practical and methodological screening criteria to identify the most useful studies. The goal is to synthesize current knowledge on the topic to support new research.
Open Access Digital Library of Benguet State University and its Future to Dis...Lauren Kipaan
The document discusses the Open Access Digital Library (OADL) of Benguet State University, its history and development, current status, and future challenges. Some key points:
- The BSU OADL was launched in 2010 and is the only government digital library in the Philippines listed on OpenDOAR and Webometrics.
- It aims to archive and provide open access to born-digital and digitized materials from BSU. Content is hosted using the Greenstone digital library software.
- As of 2012, analytics showed the site was receiving visits but awareness, acceptance, and utilization among BSU community needed improvement.
- A study in 2013-2014 found students had better utilization than
Research Methods in Architecture - Literature Review - البحث المعمارى - البحث...Galala University
This document discusses literature reviews as an important part of the research process in architecture. It begins by defining a literature review as a survey of sources that produces more lasting and widely useful knowledge. It then outlines the main components and purposes of conducting a literature review, including exploring existing knowledge on a topic, identifying gaps, and situating a research question within a body of literature. The document also compares annotated bibliographies to literature reviews and discusses organizing, taking notes, and retrieving information found during the review process.
This document outlines the key components of a research proposal, including an introduction that establishes the problem, research questions, and objectives; a literature review that connects the planned research to current knowledge and summarizes prior studies; a methodology section describing the research design, participants, data collection instruments, and data analysis procedures; and a references list.
1) The document provides guidance on writing a PhD research proposal, including what content to include and stylistic rules to follow.
2) Key elements to include are a title, abstract, background on existing research, hypothesis, objectives, methodology, dissemination plan, supervisory support, and timeline.
3) Proposals should be clear, objective, and realistic. Justify why the research is important and how it will benefit society. Follow formatting guidelines and deadlines.
This document outlines the key components of developing a research proposal, including research design, methodology, and structure. It discusses developing a purpose statement, objectives, and significance of the study. It also covers determining appropriate research questions and hypotheses, considering limitations and delimitations, and addressing ethical considerations. Finally, it provides guidance on structuring a proposal, including an introduction to justify the problem and significance, and an outline of the required sections. The overall goal is to provide researchers with a plan for conducting their proposed study and guidelines for writing their proposal.
The document provides guidance on how to write a research proposal. It discusses key components of a research proposal including an introduction, background, purpose, objectives, literature review, methodology, and work plan. The introduction should provide context and explain why the research topic is important. The background discusses previous related work. The purpose clearly states what will be investigated. Objectives should be specific and measurable. The methodology section describes how data will be collected and analyzed. A work plan outlines the timeline and responsibilities.
This document provides guidance on writing a scientific research proposal. It discusses key elements that should be included such as an informative title, background information and rationale for the study, clear research questions, a thorough literature review, well-defined objectives, appropriate research methods and study design, details on subjects and sampling, plans for statistical analysis, and references. Important criteria for evaluating proposals are also covered, such as having a good research question, feasible methods, a qualified research team, and addressing ethical issues. The document emphasizes that a proposal must clearly explain what will be accomplished, why it is worth pursuing, and how the study will be conducted.
This document outlines the eight steps of the research process: 1) formulating a research problem, 2) conceptualizing a research design, 3) constructing an instrument for data collection, 4) selecting a sample, 5) writing a research proposal, 6) collecting data, 7) processing data, and 8) writing a research report. It emphasizes that research must go through an organized process regardless of size. It also discusses literature reviews, their purpose in bringing clarity to the research problem and improving methodology, and the four-step process of searching, reviewing, developing theoretical/conceptual frameworks, and writing up the literature review.
What are the Different Research Design / Ways That I can Approach My Law Dis...PhD Assistance
This document discusses different research designs and approaches that can be used for a law dissertation. It begins by introducing the topic and stating that a public-private partnership model is often used for legal PhD dissertations. It then outlines the steps in a typical research design process, including identifying a topic and problem, formulating research questions and hypotheses, choosing a methodology, defining the significance of the research, using theories, and conducting a literature review. The document also discusses qualitative and quantitative methodologies and different approaches to socio-legal research like quantitative methods, participant observation, interviews, and analyzing qualitative data. It emphasizes developing a conceptual framework and considering research ethics.
This document discusses content analysis as a qualitative data analysis technique. It begins by defining content analysis as a method to systematically reduce and categorize textual data to identify patterns and relationships. The document then outlines the coding process, describing codes as labels assigned to segments of text that are then grouped into categories. It provides examples of different types of codes and discusses hierarchical coding structures. Steps in the content analysis process are also outlined, from defining research questions to data analysis and interpretation. Issues of reliability in content analysis are raised at the end.
This document provides a framework for a research proposal in education. It discusses the key components of an effective research proposal, including an introduction with the title, problem statement, objectives and hypotheses. It also covers the literature review, significance of the study, definition of terms, delimitations, assumptions, data collection procedures, data analysis procedures, bibliography, time schedule and budget. The proposal framework is intended to guide researchers in developing well-structured research proposals that clearly outline their planned study.
This document provides guidance on how to write a research proposal. It begins by defining research as the systematic investigation of data to establish facts and reach new conclusions. A research proposal summarizes the intended research project and demonstrates the writer's critical thinking and communication skills. The document then outlines the key components of a research proposal, including the title, introduction, aims and objectives, methodology, and bibliography. It emphasizes that the proposal should be clear, concise, coherent and demonstrate critical thinking. The writer should get feedback and ensure the elevator pitch explanation is understandable.
The document provides guidance on writing an effective research proposal. It discusses key factors to consider such as having a significant research problem or idea, clearly describing the problem or idea, and aligning with funding priorities. It outlines important sections to include such as objectives, methodology, timeline, budget, and qualifications. Factors that proposals cannot control like agency politics and competition are noted. The document emphasizes that proposals should be carefully researched, planned, and executed to maximize quality and chance of funding.
Research proposals are documents prepared before a research project begins that describe the proposed research problem, its significance, and planned procedures. They help researchers clarify their thinking and ensure research questions and methods are sufficiently refined. Proposals also allow others to provide feedback to improve the study's design and potential contribution. Students preparing proposals for a dissertation or thesis should carefully choose an advisor and committee who can offer guidance throughout the research process.
This presentation emphasizes key components of Research Proposal, Essentials of Good Research Title, Importance of Title, Framing of Research Title with examples, Importance of Introduction, Statement of Research Problem with examples, Irrelevant Research Objectives, Inter-Disciplinary Relevance, Literature Review, Importance of Research Methodology, Budget and Financial Assistance Required, Limitations, Competence of Researcher, and Funding Agencies.
This is a presentation slide I prepared for a workshop in my university UTeM for young researchers on how to write a good research proposal. A certain content in the slide is in context with our University or Malaysia's rules/guidance of applying the grant, but the rest is I am sure, should be a general guidance.
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal for various audiences such as academic, industry, and government. It defines a research proposal as a presentation that argues for support of a future project. The proposal must convince the audience that the author is qualified and that the research deserves funding or approval. It discusses key sections like introducing the research problem, reviewing prior literature to show gaps, and describing the proposed methodology. The document emphasizes tailoring the proposal to the intended audience and following any guidelines they provide.
This document discusses the components and purpose of a research proposal. A research proposal outlines an intended research activity and acts as a contract between the researcher and funding institution. It should be a straightforward, logically organized document that includes an introduction with the problem statement and objectives, a literature review, methodology section describing the research design and analysis, and a time schedule. The methodology section focuses on either qualitative or quantitative approaches depending on which the study will use. A research proposal demonstrates a researcher's ability to clearly plan a research project.
This document outlines the key steps and considerations for determining a research design, including identifying a research problem, assessing available information, developing a theoretical framework, and writing a research proposal. The main steps are to identify the research problem, determine the purpose of the research, develop a theoretical framework, define the research question/hypothesis, identify any limitations or delimitations of the study, and decide on an appropriate methodology. Good research requires a clear statement of objectives, an appropriate methodology, unbiased conduct, sufficient resources, and adherence to ethical standards.
Research is a systematic and organized process of finding answers to questions. It involves following defined procedures and steps to obtain accurate results. The goal of research is to discover answers through a planned and focused inquiry. Research methods vary by discipline but generally involve experiments, surveys, interviews or other creative projects to build upon existing knowledge and provide new insights. The scientific process typically involves setting a goal, designing a study, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and communicating findings to add to the ongoing collaborative effort of research.
This document provides an overview and summary of key concepts related to research methodology and data collection. It discusses topics such as research methodology, types of research, research paper writing tips, determining quality in research papers, referencing styles, hypothesis testing, sampling methods, and data collection. The document emphasizes the importance of proper planning, organization, referencing, and following ethical guidelines when conducting research. It aims to equip students and early-career researchers with fundamental knowledge on best practices in research.
This document provides an overview and summary of key concepts related to research methodology and data collection. It discusses topics such as the definition of methodology, different research philosophies and methodologies, types of research, and the relationship between methodology and methods. Tips are also provided for writing research papers, determining paper quality, referencing styles, sampling techniques, and data collection methods. The document aims to equip researchers, students and academics with fundamental knowledge and skills for conducting research.
This document discusses key aspects of research methodology. It begins by defining research as a systematic process of examining a topic closely through various methods such as observation and experimentation. The document then outlines several types of research including pure research, applied research, descriptive research, and correlational research. It also discusses different research methods like library research, field research, and laboratory research. The rest of the document delves into various steps of research methodology such as formulating hypotheses, preparing a research design, identifying variable types, and qualifying a rigorous research. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of conceptualizing and planning a scientific research study.
research process in nursing nursing process.ppsxlovedhaliwal1
The document outlines the key objectives and steps of the research process. The objectives of research include discovering new facts, verifying important facts, analyzing phenomena, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, developing new tools and theories, and solving problems. The research process involves exploration, literature review, research design, execution, and following up. It describes each step, including formulating research questions, reviewing literature, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. The overall goal is to systematically investigate research problems and add to scientific knowledge.
Research methodology guide prepared by kanbiro orkaido (2019)kanbiro orkaido
This document is a research methodology guide prepared by Kanbiro Orkaido for the Department of Accounting and Finance at Dilla University. The guide aims to provide a clear understanding of research methodology by answering questions about topics, problem formulation, literature reviews, research methods, and developing research proposals. It discusses key aspects of the research process such as defining research, the difference between research methods and methodology, research objectives and types of research. The guide also covers qualitative research approaches, case study methods, ethnographic research, and the 13 steps to effectively carry out research.
This powerpoint presentation will probably help not just the students but also the teachers to be resourceful, engage and productive in terms of teaching and learning.
This document outlines the research methodology process. It discusses that research methodology is the systematic way to solve a research problem through various steps, including literature reviews, developing hypotheses, determining sampling methods, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and preparing a report. The document also covers different types of research such as descriptive vs. analytical and quantitative vs. qualitative research. It provides examples of key aspects of the research methodology process.
This PPT covers basics of Research Methodology like;
1. Meaning of Research
2. Nature of Research
3. Objectives of Research
4. Advantages of Research
5. Limitations of Research
6. Criteria / Features of Good Research
7. Types of Research
8. Process of Research
This document provides an overview of the research process and key concepts in research. It discusses that research is important for development and problem solving. It also defines research as a systematic process of inquiry aimed at discovering answers or expanding knowledge. The document outlines the various purposes of research and characteristics of good research, including being systematic, objective, empirical, comprehensive, critical, rigorous, and verifiable. It also describes different types of research classified by methodology, including descriptive, correlational, explanatory, exploratory, experimental, ex-post facto, historical, and ethnographic research. Finally, it provides an overview of the research process involving idea generation, problem definition, literature review, and other steps.
QUEENS COLLEGE BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.pptxAsegidHmeskel
This document outlines the key steps in the research process:
1. Formulating the research problem by precisely defining the issue to be studied and determining its significance.
2. Conducting an extensive literature review to understand previous work.
3. Developing testable hypotheses to address the research problem.
4. Designing the research methodology including sampling, data collection methods, and data analysis.
5. Collecting and analyzing data to test the hypotheses.
6. Interpreting the findings, conclusions, and limitations to determine how the research adds to knowledge.
The overall goal is to systematically investigate an issue to produce generalizable answers.
Research methodology plays a vital role in a research study in every field ART commerce Science , Engineering etc., ensuring adherence to research objectives and the effective utilization of suitable data collection and analysis tools aligned with the chosen research design.
The document discusses key concepts related to research including research projects, topics, proposals, problems, objectives, hypotheses, methodology, design, and limitations. It notes that a research project uses scientific methods to achieve defined objectives, such as testing or creating new knowledge. Choosing a research topic is an ongoing process of exploring, defining, and refining ideas on a subject that is narrow yet allows finding adequate information. A research proposal explains what is being researched, why, and how through a structured formal document. Research design broadly outlines the total pattern of conducting a research project including objectives, methods, and outcomes. Marketing research systematically gathers and analyzes qualitative and quantitative data about issues relating to marketing products and services.
This document discusses research, including the definition of research, objectives of research, and the research process. It defines research as a scientific investigation into a problem to find solutions. The objectives of research are listed as gaining familiarity with a phenomenon, accurately portraying characteristics of a situation or group, finding solutions to problems, and testing hypotheses. The research process involves defining the problem, literature review, hypothesis formulation, research design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and hypothesis testing. Data collection methods and types are also discussed.
This document discusses the differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods. It provides background information on the two broad categories of research methodology and how the method chosen affects other components of the research. It also defines research, lists the importance of research, and describes characteristics of good research such as being systematic, objective, feasible, empirical, and clear. The document outlines the research paradigm and goals for conducting research.
This document provides an overview of research methodology. It defines research and outlines its key characteristics as systematic, logical, empirical, reductive, and replicable. The document discusses the objectives and types of research, including descriptive vs analytical and quantitative vs qualitative. It also covers research approaches, methods vs methodology, data sources and collection methods, and the overall research process. Key aspects of a good research study are identified, such as having a clearly defined purpose and presenting findings and conclusions clearly. Finally, challenges in research and the process of selecting a research topic and title are discussed.
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Strategic decision making within MNCs constrained or determined by the implementation of laws and codes of practice and by pressure from political actors. Managers in MNCs have to make choices that are shaped by gvmt. intervention and the local economy.
Org Design is a core skill to be mastered by management for any successful org change.
Org Topologies™ in its essence is a two-dimensional space with 16 distinctive boxes - atomic organizational archetypes. That space helps you to plot your current operating model by positioning individuals, departments, and teams on the map. This will give a profound understanding of the performance of your value-creating organizational ecosystem.
Enriching engagement with ethical review processesstrikingabalance
New ethics review processes at the University of Bath. Presented at the 8th World Conference on Research Integrity by Filipa Vance, Head of Research Governance and Compliance at the University of Bath. June 2024, Athens
2. Symposium Minutiae
Theme Research and knowledge utilization
Editor in Chief Prof. Daniel Obeng-Ofori.
(Catholic University of Ghana)
Section editor Prof. Kaku Sagary Nokoe
(Dean, EBA, Catholic University of Ghana)
Certificate authorisation Prof. Daniel Obeng-Ofori
Symposium date 2nd October 2020
Symposium time 10am to 11:30am
Organiser Atianashie Miracle A.
Organisation link Www.Ijmsir.Org
ISSN online 2413-3248
ISSN print 4132-2894
DOI http://doi.org/10.21681/ijmsir-8-4-1
Journal Scope Multidisciplinary
Pilot speakers Prof. Kaku Sagary Nokoe
(Dean, EBA, Catholic University of Ghana)
Prof. Naomi Soderstrum
University of Melbourne
Visual app use Microsoft team.
Meeting ID N/A
Meeting password N/A
SYMPOSIUM TRAINING: 9
3. Welcome to Research and Knowledge
Utilization Symposium!
International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Studies
and Innovative Research
A moment’s insight is
sometimes worth a
life’s experience.
4. Contents
What is Research
Activities that support the conduct
Activities that do not support the conduct
Types of scientific research
What is Knowledge Utilization
A Revolutionary Worldview
Research and Knowledge Utilization Models
Four dimensions of Knowledge Utilization
Benefits of Research and Knowledge Utilization
Contribution Benefits of RKT
Conclusion
A Short Selected List of Recent Books
Select Bibliography
Questions
5. About myself
Who Prof, Kaku Sagary Nokoe
Catholic University of GhanaWhere
What Applied Statistics
Contact
Information
nokoemaths@gmail.com
0570913204
Office Hours:
Friday mornings, 9-11 am
or set up a time...
When Mondays 7-10pm here in ACB 119
www.ijmsir.org
6. WHAT IS RESEARCH?
Science is about understanding the world, but it is a
process rather than a body of knowledge. Scientific
knowledge is what we learn from the scientific process,
which involves experimenting and collecting data.
Research: is the collecting of data to investigate and
explain a phenomenon. The idea of science is that you can
only learn about a phenomenon in a reliable and accurate
way through collecting empirical data. The scientific
process is designed to reduce human bias as much as
possible and make our conclusions as accurate as they
can be. Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge
and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new and
creative way to generate new concepts, methodologies
and understandings. This could include synthesis and
analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads
to new and creative outcomes.
7. Professional, technical, administrative or clerical support staff
directly engaged in activities essential to the conduct of research
Management of staff who are either directly engaged in the conduct
of research or are providing professional, technical, administrative
or clerical support or assistance to those staff
The activities and training of HDR students enrolled at the HEP
The development of HDR training and courses
The supervision of students enrolled at the HEP and undertaking
HDR training and courses
Research and experimental development into applications software,
new programming languages and new operating systems (such
R&D would normally meet the definition of research)
Activities that support the conduct of research and
therefore meet the definition of research include:
8. Activities that do not support the conduct of research
must be excluded, such as:
Scientific and technical information services
General purpose or routine data collection
Standardization and routine testing
Feasibility studies (except into research and experimental
development projects)
Specialized routine medical care
Commercial, legal and administrative aspects of patenting,
copyright or licensing activities
Routine computer programming, systems work or software
maintenance.
9. Types of Scientific Research
Research is a logical and systematic search for new and useful information on a
particular topic. Research is important both in scientific and nonscientific fields. In
our life new problems, events, phenomena and processes occur every day.
Practically, implementable solutions and suggestions are required for tackling
new problems that arise.
The research is broadly classified into two main classes:
1. Fundamental or basic research and
2. Applied research.
Basic and applied researches are generally of two kinds: normal research and
revolutionary research. In any particular field, normal research is performed in
accordance with a set of rules, concepts and procedures called a paradigm,
which is well accepted by the scientists working in that field. In addition, the basic
and applied researches can be quantitative or qualitative or even both (mixed
research).
10. Types of Scientific Research Cont.’
1. Fundamental-or-basic-research:
Basic research is an investigation on basic principles and reasons for occurrence of a
particular event or process or phenomenon. It is also called theoretical research. Study or
investigation of some natural phenomenon or relating to pure science are termed as basic
research. Basic researches sometimes may not lead to immediate use or application. It is not
concerned with solving any practical problems of immediate interest. However, the outcomes
of basic research form the basis for many applied research.
Basic research
1. Seeks generalization
2. Aims at basic processes
3. Attempts to explain why things happen
4. Tries to get all the facts
5. Reports in technical language of the topic
11. 2. Applied-research:
In an applied research one solves certain problems employing well known
and accepted theories and principles. Most of the experimental research,
case studies and inter-disciplinary research are essentially applied
research. Applied research is helpful for basic research. A research, the
outcome of which has immediate application is also termed as applied
research. Such a research is of practical use to current activity.
Types of Scientific Research Cont.’
Applied research
1. Studies individual or specific cases without the objec
to generalize
2. Aims at any variable which makes the desired differ
3. Tries to say how things can be changed
4. Tries to correct the facts which are problematic
5. Reports in common language
12. Basic and applied research, further divided into three types of
research bearing some characteristics feature as follows:
Quantitative research
1. It is numerical, non-descriptive, applies statistics or mathematics
and uses numbers.
2. It is an iterative process whereby evidence is evaluated.
3. The results are often presented in tables and graphs.
4. It is conclusive.
5. It investigates the what, where and when of decision-making.
Qualitative research
1. It is non-numerical, descriptive, applies reasoning and uses words.
2. Its aim is to get the meaning, feeling and describe the situation.
3. Qualitative data cannot be graphed.
4. It is exploratory.
5. It investigates the why and how of decision-making.
13. Mixed-research
Mixed research- research that involves the mixing of quantitative and qualitative methods or
paradigm characteristics. Nature of data is mixture of variables, words and images.
Other-types-of-research Include
Exploratory-Research
Exploratory research might involve a literature search or conducting focus group interviews.
The exploration of new phenomena in this way may help the researcher’s need for better
understanding, may test the feasibility of a more extensive study, or determine the best
methods to be used in a subsequent study. For these reasons, exploratory research is broad
in focus and rarely provides definite-answers-to-specific-research-issues.
The objective of exploratory research is to identify key issues and key variables.
variables.
14. Descriptive-research
The descriptive research is directed toward studying “what” and
how many off this “what”. Thus, it is directed toward answering
questions such as, “What is this?”
Explanatory research
1. Its primary goal is to understand or to explain relationships.
2. It uses correlations to study relationships between dimensions
or characteristics off individuals, groups, situations, or
events.
3. Explanatory research explains (How the parts of a
phenomenon are related to each other).
4. Explanatory research asks the “Why” question.
15. Longitudinal-Research
Research carried out longitudinally involves data collection at multiple points in time.
Longitudinal studies may take the form of:
1. Trend study- looks at population characteristics over time, e.g. organizational
organizational absenteeism rates during the course of a year
2. Cohort study- traces a sub-population over time, e.g. absenteeism rates for the sales
for the sales department;
3. Panel study- traces the same sample over time, e.g. graduate career tracks over the
tracks over the period 1990 – 2000 for the same starting cohort.
While longitudinal studies will often be more time consuming and expensive than cross-
sectional studies,
Cross-sectional-Research
One-shot or cross-sectional studies are those in which data is gathered once, during a period
of days, weeks or months. Many cross-sectional studies are exploratory or descriptive in
purpose.
16. Action research
Fact findings to improve the quality of action in the social world
Policy-Oriented Research
Reports employing this type of research focus on the question ‘How
‘X’ be solved or prevented?’
Classification research
1. It aims at categorization of units in to groups
2. To demonstrate differences
3. To explain relationships
Comparative research
To identify similarities and differences between units at all levels
Causal research
It aims at establishing cause and effect relationship among variable
Theory-testing research
It aims at testing validity of a unit
Theory-building research
To establish and formulate the theory
17. Scientific Research helps us in many ways:
1. A research problem refers to a difficulty which a
scientific community or an industry or a government
a society experiences. It may be a theoretical or a
situation. It calls for a thorough understanding and
solution.
2. Research provides basis for many government
example, research on the needs and desires of the
the availability of revenues to meet the needs helps a
to prepare a budget.
3. It is the fountain of knowledge and provide guidelines
problems.
4. Only through research, inventions can be made; for
and novel phenomena and processes such as
and cloning have been discovered only through
18. 1. It is important in industry and business for higher gain
and productivity and to improve the quality of
products.
2. Research leads to a new style of life and makes it
delightful and glorious.
3. It leads to the identification and characterization of
new materials, new living things, new stars, etc.
4. Mathematical and logical research on business and
industry optimizes the problems in them.
5. Social research helps find answers to social
problems. They explain social phenomena and seek
solution to social problems.
Scientific research helps us in many ways: Cont.’
19. Knowledge utilization: is a complex process involving political, organizational,
socioeconomic, and attitudinal components in addition. To the specific information or
knowledge. Any serious study of knowledge utilization must be cognizant of the
contribution-or intrusion
Knowledge utilization is a field crossing many sectors, from agriculture, since the 1920s,
to health care today. Evaluators have made long‐standing contributions to understanding
knowledge utilization. Different models or ways to think about knowledge utilization have
evolved to reflect different perspectives, contexts, and stages of the process, from
knowledge creation to the use of effectiveness results in policymaking.
Part of the scientific process concerns what you do after data has been collected. Once
you have collected the data, it is analyzed; often-using statistics and calculations,
and then conclusions are made from those results. Nevertheless, how do we know that
those conclusions are accurate? One way is through a process called peer review,
which is where research is scrutinized and critiqued by fellow scientists. This process
has to be completed before any scientific paper is published, and it weeds out a lot of
flawed research. It is a big part of why science has been so successful in explaining the
real world.
What is Knowledge utilization:
20. Elements of Scientific Knowledge
Systems are sets of interconnected parts forming a complex whole.
In science, systems are a way of separating the world into sets of
parts to be studied. For example, you may study the oil inside an
engine and how it is affected by heat. If your system is the oil itself,
you might not concern yourself with any effects on the engine. On
the other hand, you may study the variation in temperature across
the entire engine, including the oil, meaning that the whole engine
and its contents is your system. The way you define your system
has an impact on how you conduct your research.
21. A Revolutionary Worldview
Knowledge work varies tremendously in the amount and
kind of formal Research and knowledge required. Some
jobs have fairly low requirements, and others require the
kind of knowledge the neurosurgeon possesses. However,
even if the knowledge itself is quite primitive, only formal
education can provide it.
Education will become the center of Research and
knowledge society and the school its key institution. What
Research knowledge must everybody have? What is
"quality" in learning and teaching? These will of necessity
become central concerns of the knowledge society, and
central political issues. In fact, the acquisition and
distribution of formal knowledge may come to occupy the
place in the politics of the knowledge society, which the
acquisition and distribution of property and income have
occupied in our politics over the two or three centuries that
22. Research and Knowledge Utilization Models
Much of the discussion at the Forum seems to imply the following model:
RESEARCH ----> DISSEMINATION ----> USE/APPLICATION
Or perhaps this model if two-way "exchange" is
considered: DISSEMINATION <----> RESEARCH <---->
USE/APPLICATION
23. Four dimensions of Knowledge Utilization
To make this assertion clearer let us explore what may be some
useful dimensions for conceptualizing or “mapping” the current
domain of thinking about Research and knowledge utilization. Here
we focus on perspectives on knowledge. Four dimensions are
particularly useful to consider. Labeling these dimensions by their
extremes, they are:
1. Objective__Constructed
2. Simple____Complex
3. Explicit____Tacit
4. Individual____Social
24. Benefits of Research and Knowledge Utilization
BENEFITS Freq(n=75) (%)
Widen own Research knowledge 22 29.33
Improved performance 18 24.00
Faster work task completion /time saving 17 22.67
Obtaining good new research knowledge 11 14.67
Improved knowledge sharing 8 10.67
Faster/improved decision making 8 10.67
Improved problem solving 5 6.67
Exploring oneself/ new way of thinking 5 6.67
Business transparency 2 2.67
Sense of achievement 1 1.33
Reduce job mistakes 1 1.33
TOTAL BENEFITS 98
Research and Knowledge Utilization Benefits according to a 2020 Survey by Dr. Kofi
Joshua (Pentecost University of Ghana), published on “Pentvar International Journal
– Volume 6 No 4”
Table 1
25. Contribution Benefits of Research and
Knowledge Utilization
Table
2CONTRIBUTION BENEFITS Frequency(n=45) (%)
Better sharing experience 14 31.11
Sense of achievement/good feeling 9 20.00
Reputation/respect/recognition 8 17.78
Improve others’ work quality 7 15.56
Faster knowledge sharing experience 3 6.67
Benefiting the organization 3 6.67
Reduce duplication 1 2.22
TOTAL CONTRIBUTION BENEFITS 45
27. A Short Selected List of Recent Books
Among the hundreds of books dealing with various aspects of
Research and knowledge utilization in education, here are a few
selected titles that may prove useful in obtaining an overview of
more recent thought and practices.
1) Chapman, D. W., Mahlck, L. O. and Smulders, A. E. M. (eds)
1997. From Planning to Action: Government Initiatives for
Improving School-Level Practice. Paris: UNESCO.
2) Fullan, M. 1993. Change Forces: Probing the Depths of
Educational Reform. London: Falmer Press.
3) Haddad, W. 1994. The Dynamics of Education Policy Making.
Herndon, VA: World Bank EDI Development Policy Case Series
4) Hargreaves, A., Lieberman, A., Fullan M. & Hopkins, D. (eds.)
1998. International Handbook of Educational Change. Boston:
Kluwer Academic Publishers.
5) Hargreaves, A., Fullen, M. & Hopkins, D. (eds.) 1998.
International Handbook on School Improvement. London:
Cassell.
28. Select Bibliography
1) Brown, J. S., Collins, A. & Duguid, S. 1989. Situated Cognition
and the Culture of Learning. Educational Researcher, 18(1): 32-
42.
2) Cohen, W., Florida, R., Randazzese, L. & Walsh, J. 1998.
Industry and the academy: Uneasy partners in the cause of
technological advance. In R. G. Noll (ed.) Challenges to
Research Universities: 171-199. Washington, D.C.: Brookings
Institution Press.
3) Drucker, P. 1994. “The Age of Social Transformation,” The
Atlantic Monthly, November. Eidell, T. L. & Kitchel, J. M. (eds.)
1968. Knowledge Production and Utilization in Educational
Administration. Eugene, OR: Center for Advanced Study of
Educational Administration, University of Oregon.