Research 101: Key aspects of a Thesis .
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Research 101: Key aspects of a Thesis .
- 1. Research 101: Key Aspects of a Research Harold Gamero
- 2. Study vs. Research Knowledge Time Study Uptake of available (preexistence) knowledge Research Production of new knowledge Individual Collective Doing good research requires an adequate knowledge about the subject matter. The review of the relevant scientific literature is a necessary preparation.
- 3. Quantitative Problem Analysis Evidence (empirical level) Literature review Theory Hypothesis Methods Conclusions Timeline of the research
- 4. Qualitative Problem Saturation / redundancy Timeline of the research Literature review Theory Methods Conclusions Codification – Analysis – Theorical sample Evidence (empirical level)
- 5. Research structure Problem statement and justification Analysis Literature review Theoretical background (& hypothesis backup) Methodology (design, technique, procedures, etc.) Conclusion
- 6. Problem statement • Explanation of the problem or gap identified • Requires (almost) a complete understanding of the topic • Requires precision, clarity and order • Information with solid, trustworthy references • Like a story, must guide naturally to the problem or objective • Variables or constructs must be mentioned and defined • Relationships between them bust be also explained (if)
- 7. Qualitative research questions The question should be directed to be answered with the data that will be collected with the research. Do not pose questions… • directed to the theoretical framework or the methodological section. • that are insufficiently supported or unimportant. • without reviewing the literature first. • that cannot be answered through objective methods and through the study. • biased or value-laden. • with imaginary scenarios. • With extra variables (other than those included in the study). • with more than one topic or possible answer.
- 8. Quantitative research question(s) • Help presenting the topic with more clarity: Which is the effect of Service Quality on Purchase Intention? Purchase intention (unidimensional) Responsiveness Service reliability Assurance Empathy Tangibles (multidimensional) (Future hypothesis)
- 9. Relevance / contribution • Why this research must be done? • What is going to be the final contribution? • Ladik & Stewart (2008): (The contribution continuum)
- 10. Theoretical background • Explanation of key theories, models and concepts • Structure must be clear (variables, theories, evolution, contrast, etc.) • If quantitative, hypothesis must be well explained and backed up • A literature review is highly recommended
- 11. Literature review steps Search this keywords in repositories and search engines 2 Identify relevant papers (closeness to topic, date of publishing, ranking position, etc.) 3 Find theories, models and key authors or journals (go backwards on the references) 4 Structure the body of your review (matrix) 5 1 Identify key words for your topic (concepts, constructs or variables) Write the review keeping in mind the tone, tense and syntax. 6 Check for mistakes, typos or improvements. 7
- 12. Structure Topic 3,2 Topic 3,3 Topic 3,4 Topic 3,1 Topic 1,1 Topic 1,2 Topic 1,3 Topic 2,2 Topic 2,1 Topic 2,4 Topic 2,3 Concept 3 Concept 1 Concept 2
- 13. Structure Opportunity recognition Opportunity creation Opportunity discovery Opportunity identification Definition Classification Evaluation Skills Knowledge Traits Motivations Entrepreneurial model Entrepreneurship education Entrepreneurship competences
- 14. Identification Sarasvathy et al. (2003), Shane (2012), Shane et al. (2003), Shane y Venkataraman (2000). Support Recognition DeTienne y Chandler (2004), Garud y Giuliani (2013), Sarasvathy et al. (2003),. Creation Buchanan y Vanberg (1991), Garud y Giuliani (2013), DeTienne y Chandler (2004), Sarasvathy et al. (2003). Discovery DeTienne y Chandler (2004), Garud y Giuliani (2013), Sarasvathy et al. (2003), Shane y Venkataraman (2000). Definition Bae et al. (2014), Henry et al. (2005a, 2005b), Jones y English (2004), Kuratko (2005), Martin et al. (2013), Onstenk (2003), Piperopoulos y Dimov (2015). Classification Henry et al. (2005a, 2005b), Jones y English (2004), Kuratko (2005), Onstenk (2003), Piperopoulos y Dimov (2015), Shane y Venkataraman (2000). Evaluation Duval-Couetil (2013), Henry et al. (2005b), McMullen y Shepherd (2006), Moberg et al. (2014), Schelfhout et al. (2016). Skills Baron (2006), Barucic y Umihanic (2016), Brandstätter (2011), Corbett (2005), Moberg et al. (2014). Knowledge Ardichvili et al. (2003), Coleman, 1988, Corbett (2005), Eckhardt y Shane (2003, 2010), Jain (2011). Traits Abuzhuri y Hashim (2017), Brandstätter (2011), Driessen y Zwart (2006), Jain (2011), Lehner y Kaniskas (2012). Motivations Driessen y Zwart (2006), Jain (2011), Oosterbeek et al. (2010), Rauch y Frese (2007), Shane et al. (2003). Entrepreneurial model Entrepreneurship education Entrepreneurship competences
- 15. Theories & Models Science: Body of knowledge represented through different theories derived from the scientific method. Theories: Explanations of social or natural phenomena, events or behaviors. Models: Graphic representation of a hole or part of a Theory.
- 16. Multidimensional constructs Which is the effect of Service Quality on Purchase Intention? Purchase intention (unidimensional) Responsiveness Service reliability Assurance Empathy Tangibles (multidimensional)
- 17. Theory & Theorical Model • Why should this relationship happen? • How could this effect take place? Which is the effect of Service Quality on Purchase Intention?
- 18. Multidimensional constructs Which is the effect of Service Quality on Purchase Intention? Purchase intention Responsiveness Service reliability Assurance Empathy Tangibles Hypothesis H1 H2 H3 H4 H5
- 19. H1: Quality of tangibles positively affects PI H2: Assurance positively affects PI H3: Empathy of employees positively affects PI H4: Service reliability positively affects PI H5: Responsiveness positively affects PI Which is the effect of Service Quality on Purchase Intention? Purchase intention (PI) Responsiveness Service reliability Assurance Empathy Tangibles Hypothesis H1 H2 H3 H4 H5
- 20. Theories • Expectancy-value (motivation). • Self-efficacy (individual performance). • Human capital (individual performance). • Reasoned action (behavior). • Agency theory (interactions between firms). • Information asymmetries (decision making). • Regulatory focus (behavior). • Learning theories (behavioral, cognitive, situational, social). • Socio-cognitive theory. • Regret theory. • Contract theory. • Counterfactual thinking. • Theory of economies of scale. • Game theory • Classical conditioning • Diffusion of innovations
- 21. Methodology • Type of research (design, approach, paradigm) • Sample (units of analysis, location, organization, etc.) • Sampling technique (random vs. non-random sampling) • Variables (conceptualization and operationalization) • Data collection process (technique, instrument, scale, validity and reliability of instruments, data analysis and procedure, etc.)