The document provides an overview of the Philippines under Spanish rule from the 1600s to 1800s. It discusses the political, economic, and social changes introduced by the Spanish including the establishment of central and local governments, propagation of Catholicism, systems of labor like the encomienda and tribute, and the union of church and state. It also summarizes the slow economic development during this period which was hindered by factors like inefficient Spanish officials and internal quarrels.

1. PhIlIppIne HIstory
Beed 1-a
Group 1
Andy Patricio Bonifacio
Professor

2. PhIlIppIne HIstory
CHAPTER 5
THE PHILIPPINES UNDER
Spanish rule
(1600s – 1800s)

3. Reporters
Roselyn sabilao
Sheree Ann Marie Casin
Joelbyn a. datu
Regine Bruza
Mirylyn Alcones
Matheresa Tuale
Jonrey Pineda
grachelle Joyce
Jo-ness Mensorado
John ChristoPher
Cabral
MHEAPELIA CAGAPE
Mark John Lorzano
MotIvatIon

13. The Government Monopolies

14. The Royal Company

15. Economic development: an overview

16. THE PHILIPPINES UNDER SPANISH RULE
(1600’s – 1800’s)
Spain - governed the Philippines through the union of church and state introducing in the
process new beliefs institution and practices in the political economic and religious aspects of
people’s lives. The results though effective and positive fro spain caused hardships for the
majority in the inhabitants except for the few members of the
MAHARLIKA
Class.

17. Early society’s upper class composed of the chiefs and
their families.
Who later emerged as the new class called
“PRINCIPALIA”

18. Reasons for Spanish colonization
1. Commercial - the king Charles send Magellan to Moluccas to search for the spice islands
because spices commanded high prices during that time.
2. Spain claimed the Philippines by RIGHT OF DISCOVERY and by RIGHT OF ACTUAL
OCCUPATION.
CROWN COLONY - the Philippine was under the possession or property of the king of spain
PolItIcal changes
Ministry of the colonies or overseas ministry
Council of the Indies - as a Crown colony they administered the Philippines
Ministry of the Colonies or Overseas Ministries - in 1863 the Philippines a colony was
placed under there jurisdiction they advised and aided in its work by the council of the indies.

19. Central
government
LAW OF THE INDIES – (Spanish :leyos de indies) are the entire body of law issued by the Spanish
crown for its empire.
They regulated social, political and economis life in these areas. The laws are composed of myriad decrees
issued over the centuries and the important laws of the 16th century, which attempted to regulate the
interactions between the settlers and natives.
Some Spanish Laws that a were also adopted :
**La Novisima Recopilacion
**Leyes de Toro
**Siete Partidas

20. Governor General - headed the Central Government
 Appointed by the king of Spain
 He was the king’s official representative in the colony
 He possessed vast executive , legislative and judicial power.
 He issued order with the force of law. Which were called “superior decrees”
 The president or presiding officer of the audiencia
 He is also vice royal patron in the Philippines
 He could appoint minor office in the government including parish priest
 Commander in chief of the arm forced.
2
Branches of Government
 Judicial
 Executuve

21. Royal Decrees - decrees or orders coming from the king of spain.
Cumplase - the right of the governor to suspend the operation of a Royal decree
I OBEY BUT DO NOT COMP’Y - usual formula in exercising the right of complase.

22. The AudencIa
Audencia -
Established in the Philippines in 1583.
Administer Justice to the Aggrieved people in the colony.
The Highest court in so far as civil and criminal cases were concerned.
Exercised political and administrative powers, if the governor could not
perform his duties.
Governor Santiago De Vera - The First President of Audencia
1589- The year when Audencia was abolished. By the King of Spain.

23. Local Government
Pacified Provinces- They are already reconizing the authority of spain.
- They were Governed by Civil Provincial Governors
Alcalde mayor - He was appointed by the Governor General
-
His salary was smalll but he could collect a part of the tribute to increase his
income.
Indulto De Comercio - or licensed to trade
Was issued to the Alcalde Mayor. It was meant to prevent them from
using the Polo or Taxes from their own personal needs and conrol the market.
1884- Indulto De Comercio was Abolished because the Provincial Governor abused this power
and comitted Graft and Corruption.
Town or Municipality- composed of several barrios and governed by the Gobenadorcillo( little
Governor).

24. Gobernadorcillo- also called captain municipal or simply captain. Today he is called Mayor
-
He was elected by thirteen electors who were prominent in the town.
Six of the electors were former cabezas de barangay
Other six were actual cabezas de barangay
The 13th elector was the outgoing captain
The captain was aided in the administration of the town by deputies called Tenientes (A chief of
police)
and Alguaciles (Subordinate official)
Cabezas de Barangay- was the Leader or chief of a barangay

25. Aggrieved
Distressed, troubled or pained.

26. the city and
it’s government
2 Cities during the 1st Century of Spanish rule
*Cebu
*Manila
Cities in 17th Century
*Cebu
*Manila
*Vigan
*Nueva Segovia (now Lal – lo, Cagayan )
*Arevalo (Now a part of Iloilo)
*Nueva Caceres ( Now Naga)
Ayuntamiento - Council of a municipality consisted of two alcaldes, twelve regidores (now called
councilor a chief of police a city secretary and few other lesser official .

27. PropagatIng the catholIc
faIth
AUGUSTINIAN ORDER –
ANIMIST RELIGION –
CATHOLICISM - spread by the missionaries in different places in the Philippines
FRANCISCAN MISSIONARIES :- Spread CATHOLIC FAITH in Manila , Province near Laguna de Bay . Camarines
and other parts of Bicol provinces in 1577
JESUITS – In 1581 they arrived in the Philippines and they spread the Catholic Faith in Manila , Leyte , Cebu ,
Bohol , Samar , and in Mindanao .
DOMINICAN - came to Manila in 1587 , spread the Catholic Faith in Manila , Cagayan , Region and Pangasinan
RECOLLECT MISSIONARIES – came in 1606 and spread the faith in Manila , Bataan , Zambales , Mindanao ,
Masbate , Ticao , Burios , Cuyo , Romblon , Negros and other parts of Mindanao .

28. The UnIon of
Church and State
King of Spain - helped in propagating and defending Catholic Faith
Friars - priest but became the member of some agencies of Central Government

29. The church organIzatIon
DISTRICTS – represented geographic regions that had different dialects or language .
Father Domingo de Salazar – first bishop of Manila
Ecclesiastical Government –
Bishopric
Archbishopric –
The InquIsItIon
The Inquisition – was an ecclesiastical office , whose duty weas to search for heretics and whose guilty of
preaching or practicing religious doctrines that were contrary to that of the Catholic Church .

30. The resIdencIa and the vIsIta
King and Ministers of spain introduced two institutions in there colonies including the Philippines
The resIdencIa
Was the public investigation and trial of outgoing colonial officials in order to Ascertain wheather
they had committed abuses in the performance of their duties.
VisIta
On the other hand was a secret investigation of an officials conduct as a public servant
GOVERNOR GENERAL SEBASTIAN HURTADO DE CORCUERA (1635 - 1644)
was a good example when their enemies filed unfounded changes against him resulting in her
imprisonment.

31. The plaza complex
This politico – Religious structure or the colonial Government of the country. The houses of the
natives were situated around a place or town center of bring them close to the church the
convent the municipio the Market place and the Cemetery . The church fasily regulated the
Activities of the Nativities of the natives. Whose Residence were order the peal of bells or Bajo
de Las Campanas.

32. The EncomIenda
Encomienda - was a legal system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown during the Spanish
Colonization of the Americas to regulate Native Americans and Autonomy.
Etymology
The Etymology of Encomienda and the encomenderos lies in the Spanish verb “Encomendero” means “to
entrust”
Encomendero - defined as the holder of the Encomienda and the man who received this favor from
encomienda.
3 Kinds of the Encomienda
*Royal encomienda - which belong to the King
*The Ecclesiastical Encomienda - which belong to the church
*The Private Encomienda- which belong to the private Individual.

33. Forced Labor
Under Forced labor, Filipinos were not paid for their wages. Thay were separated from their Families by
sending them to far-flung Provinces. They were not given food, as required by law. But instead they had to
provide for their own food.
For a Filipino labourer to be exempted from forced labor he had pay a fee called
Falla.

34. TrIbute
Tribute was a form of recognition of the Filipino’s loyalty to the king of spain.
In order to raise enough the money to finance the construction of churches, government buildings
, roads, bridges, and improvement in transportation and Communication.
Taxes
Aside from tribute the Filipino paid for other taxes.
Diezmos Prediales - was tax which consisted of one – tenth of the produce of the land.
Donativo de Zamboanga (1635) - was a tax specifically used to conquest of Jolo.
Vita - was a tax paid by the people of some provinces along the coast of western Luzon for
defense of the coast from Muslim pirates, who raided the Visayas and Luzon for “Slaves” that
they needed in their overseas trading.

35. Galleon trade
Galleon trade - trade along the pacific.
JOLO and MANILA were Trading center of the Archipelago
Manila became a leading commercial center in the region
Ships form Japan, China, Siam ( Thailand ) , India, Cambodia, Malacca and what is now Indonesia ,
anchored in Manila to unload their valuable cargoes
The Galleon trade was so restrictive that the prosperity of the Spaniards in Manila depended
solely on the success of the voyage to and from Mexico.

36. The Mexican Subsidy
Situado – Annual Subsidy that the Mexican Government sent to the Philippines
1821 - The year when the Mexican subsidy was finally stopped.
The economic society
Governor Basco - Founded the Economic Society of Friends of the country in 1781 to effectively
implement an economic policy in the colony.
Sections of Society
1. Factories and manufactures
2. Industry and popular education
3. Natural History
4. Domestic and foreign commerce
5. Agriculture and Rural economy.

37. 1784 - the society was able to export indigo to Europe for the first time in Philippines History .
1824 - the Academy of Drawing in Manila was founded and granted scholarship to those who
were interested in the art of dyeing.
1861 - the Society founded an agricultural school in Manila for the purpose of training farmers
in advanced agriculture methods.

38. The government monopolies
1780- The King issued a decree in ordering the establishment of the Tobacco Monopoly.
1782- actually established in the colony
Provision of the Decree
The Cultivation of Tobacco was prohibited except for the pprovinces selected to grow it.
Contraband sale of Tobacco was Forbidden.
The Government had the exclusive right to purchase all Tobacco products, to inspect and classify the Tobacco
Plant, and to prepare and manufacture cigar and cigarettes.
The Government had right to prohibit the expotation and importation of Tobacco. In other words, the
Government, sale and purchase of Tobacco and it’s manufacture anto cigar and cigarettes.
1808- The Government realized a net profit of about 500,000
1880-1881- The net profit amounted to a staggering 3,500,000
The Government also had other monopolies such as those on wine & liquor, gunpowder,playing cards
and buyo or anise.

39. The Royal Compan y
Governor Basco’s administration was also high lightened by the establishment of the royal company of the
Philippines in 1875. The company had a capital of 8,000,000. This amount was divided into 32,000 shares
costing 250 a share.
Aims of the Company
The aim of these company were to promote the progress of the Philippines by improving the Foreign Trade of
the Colony with the Spain and to develop the natural resources of the Philippines by encouraging Industry,
Manufacturing, And Agriculture.
Because of the incentives, the company failed in it’s two fold aims. This Failure may be attributed to the
following causes.

40. The Royal Compan y
The Spanish merchants in the Philippines , who had been accustomed to the profitable Galleon Trade did not
cooperate wholeheartedly , with the company.
The company was not able to established direct commercial with Japan, China, and Indiaresulting in paying
higher prices for those commodities than in the country where they came from.
The company was not well- managed because it’s officials spent their time in the activities which are not
connected to their company.
Foreign vessels, instead the company vessels, brought to manila such items as groceries, cannesd good s , wine,
and other European Products . Because of this , the company was abolished in 1834.

41. Economic development: an overview
The first 150 years of Spanish rule was characterized by a slow economic development. Population
decreased and uprising and revolts became problem to the colonial government.
FACTORS ACCOUNTED FOR THE SLOW DEVELOOPMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES ECONOMY
First, most of the Spanish officials were lazy, incompetent and inefficient. Instesd of the developing the natural
resources of the colony, the Spanish officials and mimor Employees were interested in enriching themselves in
office.
Second, there were frequent quarrels among the Spaniards themselves, especially between the clergy and the
Governor General, on one-hand, and the high-ranking ecclesisticel officials anf the friars curates, on the other.
Under these circumstances, the people became unproductive and seemingly indolent. There was
little economic and social improvement in the life of the masses, while thte colonial officials and the church
hierarchy grow rich.

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43. PhIlIppIne HIstory
Professor

44. PhIlIppIne HIstory
Governor Santiago De Vera

45. FALLA
this fee was unreasonably high.
And often times the laborer
could not afford to pay for it.