Under Spanish rule from the 1600s-1800s, the Philippines was administered as a Crown colony of Spain. Spain claimed ownership over the Philippines based on the rights of discovery and actual occupation. The colony was governed from Spain through the Council of Indies and later the Ministry of Colonies. The Spanish established a highly centralized government headed by a Governor-General, with no separate legislature. They also spread Catholicism through various religious orders and established an ecclesiastical government headed by the Archbishop of Manila. The Spanish imposed taxes on Filipinos and restricted trade mainly to an annual galleon trade between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico.

1. PHILIPPINES UNDER SPANISH
RULE (1600S-1800S)
Presented by: Miguelle P. Durmiendo

2. KING CHARLES I
Decided to take an
expedition to the
MOLLUCAS, his purpose
was primarily commercial.

3. • Commanded high
prices that time, so
trade in spices was
very profitable.
• Was the primary
aim of King Charles
that’s why he send
an expedition to
Asia.
• To the archipelago
was sealed based
on two reasons.

4. 2nd REASON
Since Spain, being in
actual possession of the
Phil., it had the right to
colonize it.
1ST REASON
▪ Since the “discovery” of the
Phil. was made under the
auspices of Spain, the
Philippines, therefore was
rightfully owned by Spain.
In other words, Spain claimed the Philippines by “Right of Discovery” and by
“Right of actual occupation”. As such, the Philippines was a possession or
property of the King of Spain and, therefore, a Crown colony.

5. RIGHT OF
DISCOVERY
RIGHT OF
ACTUAL
OCCUPATION
CROWN COLONY

6. As a Crown Colony, the Philippines was administered by the Council of
Indies. Even so, the Spanish officials were appointed by the King of
Spain, who issued Royal orders and decrees dealing with the proper
administration of the colony.
In 1863, the Philippines, as a colony was placed under the jurisdiction
of the MINISTRY OF THE COLONIES OR OVERSEAS MINISTRIES (
MINISTERIO DE ULTAMAR).
In order to make the administration of the Philippines efficient, the
Overseas Ministry was advised and aided in its work by the Council of
Indies.

7. ▪ LAWS OFTHE INDIES
▪ LA NOVISIMA RECOPILACION
▪ LEYES DETORO
▪ SIETE PARTIDAS
The Spanish colonizers a highly centralized from the government.The central
government was headed by the Governor, Captain-general, or Governor
General, who was appointed by King of Spain.

8. :
▪ EXECUTIVE – JUDICIAL
There was no Legislature or Congress because the laws for the Philippines
were made by the Spaniards in Spain, to certain extent, by the Governor-general
himself. He issued orders with the force of law, which were called Superior
Decrees.

9. VICE ROYAL
COMMANDER
IN CHIEF
CUMPLASE

10. ▪ The Judicial powers of the government were exercised by the audiencia and
the lower court.The Audiencia was established in the Philippines in 1583 to
administer justice to the aggrieved people in the colony. Gov.Santiago de
Vera was its first president.
▪ The Audiencia was the highest court insofar as Civil and Criminal cases were
concerned. Moreover, political and administrative matters were brought
before the Audiencia by the Governor.
▪ In the absence of the Governor, the Audiencia exercised political and
administrative powers. It also audited the finances of the government.

11. Cumplase was the right of the governor to suspend the operation of a
Royal Decree or order relative to the Philippines if in his opinion, the
said order or decree would not be beneficial to the administration of the
country.The usual formula In exercising the right of cumplase was
“I obey but do not comply.”

12. ▪ PACIFIED PROVINCES
▪ ALCALDE MAYOR
▪ INDULTO DE COMERCIO
▪ GOBERNADORCILLO (capitan municipal/capitan or little
governor)
▪ CABEZA DE BARANGAY
▪ SPANISH FRIAR-CURATE

13. ▪ During the first century of Spanish rule, there were only two cities:
CEBU AND MANILA.
As conquest and settlement continued, the Spanish officials created one
city after another. By the seventeenth century, the Philippines had Six
cities: Cebu, Manila,Vigan, Nueva Segovia (now Lal-lo, Cagayan),
Arevalo (now a part of Iloilo City), and Nueva Caceres (now Naga).

14. ▪ The city, then and now, was the center of social, commercial,
religious, and cultural life. Its Government was different from that of
the town. It was called Ayuntamiento, equivalent to today’s City
Hall, and considered of two Alcades, twelve Regidores ( now called
councilors), a chief of police, a city secretary, and few other lesser
officials. Each barrio or barangay of the town was headed by a
Cabeza who did not receive any salary.

16. ▪ When Legazpi sailed for the Philippines, he was accompanied by some Friars belonging
to the Augustinian Order. Many Filipinos who were converted to the Catholic faith by the
first Augustinian that came with Legazpi in 1565. Later on returned to their old animist
religion.

17. ▪ In 1577, the Franciscan missionaries arrived and spread the Catholic faith in Manila, in the
provinces near around Laguna de Bay (pronounced Ba-i), such as the present provinces of
Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon.They also established missionaries in Cam.Sur and
other parts of the Bicol provinces.

18. ▪ In 1581, the Jesuits, who were not friars, arrived in the Philippines. They spread
Catholicism in Manila, Leyte, Cebu, Bohol, Samar, and later, in Mindanao.
▪ The Dominican missionaries came to Manila in 1587 to spread Catholic faith in Manila,The
Cagayan region, and Pangasinan.
▪ The Recollect Missionaries came in 1606 and propagated the faith in Manila, Bataan,
Zambales, Mindoro, Masbate,Ticao, Burias, Cuyo, Romblon, Negros and some parts of
Mindanao.

20. Archbishop Francisco de la Cuesta
Bishop Juan Arrechederra
Bishop Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta
Archbishop Manuel Rojo

21. THE CHURCH ORGANIZATION
To administer the parishes efficiently, the Catholic Church was divided into
districts. In turn, each district was divided into parishes and missions.

22. Represented geographic regions that had
different dialects or Languages.
RepresentVillages.
Represented areas or region that were not
yet conquered and converted to
Catholicism.

23. In 1578, Manila became a diocese.
Father Domingo de Salazar - appointed the first Bishop of Manila.
Father Ignacio Santibanez- First Archbishop.
The Ecclesiastical Government was headed by the Archbishop of Manila,
who was appointed by the Pope upon the recommendation of the King of
Spain.

24. The Church, like the civil government , had a court of justice called the
Eccelesiastical Court or Archbishop’s Court and was composed of the
Archibishop, the vicar-general, a notary, and other officials. Cases dealing with
the laws of the church and those involving priest were tried by this court.
–

25. Notary and
other officials
Vicar-General Archbishop
Ecclesiastical
Court

26. ▪ The Inquisition was an ecclesiastical office, whose duty was to search for Heretics and
those guilty of preaching or practicing religious doctrine that were contrary to that of the
Catholic Church.There was no office of the Inquisition in the Philippines.
▪ There was, however, a representative or commissary of the Mexican Inquisition in the
Philippines. It was the duty of this representative to ferret out heretics among the
Spaniards.
-

28. ▪ Most religious works used by the missionaries during the early years of Spanish rule were
Handwritten.
▪ Xylography or Printing by woodblock, in which rectangular piece of wood, one or two
inches thick, was carved out with words.
▪ The First books printed by this method were the
Christian Doctrine InTagalog, and in Chinese.
They were printed in 1593.

29. Father Francisco de San Jose – Introduced the movable type of printing
called Typography in 1602.

30. ▪ Residencia - was the public investigation and trial of outgoing colonial
officials in order to ascertain whether they had committed abuses in the
performance of their duties.
▪ Vista – was a secret investigation of an official’s conduct as a public servant.
▪ These two institutions were introduce to stop the abuses of High Spanish
officials in the colonies.
▪ Governor-General Sebastian Hurtado de Corcuera was a good example
when his enemies filed unfounded charges against him, resulting in his
imprisonment.

31. ▪ The Plaza complex can best illustrate this politico-religious structure of the
colonial government of the country under Spain.The houses of the natives
were situated around a plaza or town center to bring them close to the
church ,the convent , the municipio, the marketplace and the cemetery.This
setup allowed the Spaniards to effectively administer and control the natives.
The church easily regulated the activities to the natives, whose residences
were under the peal of bells or bajo de las campanas.

34. ▪ The Encomienda, in principle, was not actually a piece of land, but a favor from the
king, under which the Spaniard receiving the favor was given the right to collect
tributes or taxes from the inhabitants of an area assigned to him.
▪ Encomendero- The man who received this favor.
The Encomienda was, therefore, a public office.

35. ▪ There were three kinds of Encomienda:
1.) The Royal Encomienda- which belonged to the King.
2.) The Ecclesiastical Encomienda- belonged to the Church; and
3.) The Private Encomienda- which belonged to a private individual.

37. TheTribute- was a form of recognition of the Filipino’s loyalty
to the king of Spain.
Sanctorum- Small portion of tribute went to the Church.
Cedula personal – present equivalent of the residence
certificate class “A”.

38. Aside from the tribute, the Filipinos also paid other taxes.
DIEZMOS PREDIALES-a tax which consisted of onetenth of the produce of
the land
DONATIVO de ZAMBOANGA-specifically used for the conquest of Jolo.
VINTA- tax paid by the people of some provinces along the coast ofWestern
Luzon for the defense of the coasts from Muslim pirates.

39. ▪ Trade across the Pacific./Manila-Acapulco Trade
• The Galleon trade was so restrictive that the prosperity of the Spaniards in
Manila depended solely on the success of the voyage to and from Mexico.
• In 1811 –The last Galleon from manila sailed fro Acapulco, Mexico, and the
government’s monopoly of the GalleonTrade came to an end.

40. ▪ Not all could engage in the Galleon trade because it was a government
monopoly. Only privilege persons, such as high-ranking officials of the
state, the Church, and the crew of the galleons, were allowed to
engage in trade.

41. GALLEONTRADE

43. Annual subsidy/situado- subsidy sent by the Mexican government to
prevent the bankruptcy of the Philippines.This subsidy amounted to
250,000 pesos.
The Mexican subsidy was finally stopped when Mexico became
Independent in 1821.

44. Governer Basco founded the ECONOMIC SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OFTHE
COUNTRY in 1871 to effectively implement an economic policy in the colony.
The Society was divided into sections: (

45. In 1784, the society was able to export indigo for the first time in
Philippine history.
In 1824, the society also founded the Academy of Drawing in Manila.
In 1861, the society founded an agricultural school in Manila.

46. Governor Basco was also remembered for his role in establishing
government monopolies, the most important of which was the Tobacco
Monopoly.

48. The cultivation of tobacco was prohibited except for the provinces
selected to grow it; Contraband sale of tobacco was forbidden;
The government had the exclusive right to purchase all tobacco
products, to inspect and classify the tobacco plant, and to prepare
and manufacture cigar and cigarettes .
The government had the right to prohibit the exportation or
importation of tobacco by any agency not connected with the
government.

49. .
While it was true that these monopolies gave the government a big
income, at the same time, they were a burden to the Filipinos. .

51. ▪ Gov. Basco’s administration was also highlighted by the establishment of the
Royal Company of the Philippines in 1785.
▪ The aims of the company were to promote progress of the Philippines by
improvising the foreign trade of the colony with Spain and to develop the
natural resources of the Philippines by encouraging industry, manufacturing,
and agriculture.

52. AIMS
PROGRESS
DEVELOPEDTHE NATURAL RESOURCES

54. This failure may be attributed to the following causes:
1.) The Spanish merchants in the Phil, who had been accustomed to the
profitable galleon trade, did not cooperate wholeheartedly with the Company.
2.) The Company was not able to establish direct commercial contact with
Japan, China and India, so it had to buy commodities from these countries
through the Manila merchants, resulting in paying higher prices for those
commodities than in the countries where they came from.

55. This failure may be attributed to the following causes:
3.) The Company was not well-managed because its officials spent their
time in activities that were not connected with the promotion of the welfare
of the Company.
4.) Foreign vessels, instead of the Company’s vessels, brought to Manila
such items as groceries, canned goods, wine, and other European
products.
As a result of the failure of the company to implement its program for the
Philippines, it was abolished in 1834.

56. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: AN OVERVIEW
The first one hundred and fifty years of Spanish rule was characterized
by a slow economic development.
Population decreased and uprising and revolts became problems to the
colonial government.

57. Factors accounted for the slow development of the Philippine
Economy
First: Most Spanish officials were lazy, incompetent,
and inefficient.
Second:There were frequent quarrels among the Spaniards
themselves.
Incompetence was paramount among Spanish officials. It was seldom
that one of them cared for the welfare of the Filipinos. For these officials
and employees, the Filipinos were there to be exploited. Thus even the
Spanish writer. Tomas de Comyn, said in 1810:

58. “In order to be a chief [governor] of a province of those Islands
[Philippines], no training or knowledge or special services are
necessary; all persons [Spaniards] are fit and admissible… It is
quite a common thing to see a Barber, or a governor’s lackery, a
sailor or a deserter, suddenly transformed into an Alcalde
[provincial governor]; administrator, and a captain of the forces
of a populous province without any counselor but his rude
understanding, or any guide but his passion.”