Pulses Flower drop Rain Control measures

1. SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Vikram Singh
Associate Professor
Department of Agronomy
NAI,SHUATS
SUBMITTED BY:
Suman Kumar Dey
Id. No: 19MSAGRO070
Department of Agronomy
M.Sc. Ag.(Agronomy)
II semester
AGRN 723 : Agronomy of Major Cereals and Pulses
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2. 1. Introduction
2. Extreme rainfall leads to flower
drop
3. Causes of flower drop due to
ultimate rainfall
4. Ultimate rain stress affecting
important pulses crop
5. Pattern of flower drop in chickpea
due to rainfall
6. Remedial measures to control
flower drop
7. Reference
CONTENTS 2

3. •Pulses are the
important segments of
Indian Agriculture
after cereals and
oilseeds.
•Good sources of
proteins and
commonly called the
poor man’s meat .
Pulses are an
affordable source of
protein.
•The important pulse crops are chickpea , pigeonpea, mungbean,
urdbean, lentil and fieldpea .
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4. •India is the largest producer of pulses in the world, with 25%
share in the global production followed by Burma, Canada and
China.
•The major pulse-producing states are
Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat which
together account for about 80% of the
total production
•Pulse crops reported huge losses due to abiotic (drought, high
temperature, ultimate rainfall etc.) stress.
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5. •Rainfall incidence during the flowering
season of pulses has a negatively significant
effect on yield.
•Pulses themselves are , however, very
sensitive to torrential rain, especially in
the early vegetative stage and at
flowering and a high quantity of rainfall
can cause disease infestation in crops.
•During the crop growing season, especially
rain at flowering, which can damage and
shed pulse flowers and fail to pollination
and thus, it will directly affect the fruit
setting and consequently lead to yield
losses. 5

6. ii. In wet soil there is always a high chance of disease and pest
infestation, which make the plants weakened and will not be
able to hold the flowers.
iii. Pulses plants are highly sensitive to too much of fertilizers.
When there is high amount of rain there is displacement of
fertilizers and the accumulate near the plants.
i.The wet and water logged soil
prevents the pulses plants from taking
up right amount of nutrients from the
soil and as a result of which plants will
be unable to support the flowers
Water logged soil
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7. Stress Pigeon pea Urd bean Mung bean Chickpea Lentil
Ultimate
rainfall and
water
logging
*** *** *** * *
***very important, **important, *not important Sultana et al. (2014)
Pattern of flower drop in chickpea due to
rainfall
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8. i. We also need to look at field conditions vulnerable to water
logging conditions , need to be channelized through efficient
drainage.
ii. Standing crop needs to be looked from all angles , especially
at those critical growth stages where there is heavy water
logging.
iii. Pulses are mostly grown on field bunds , is it simply to
protect the crop from excess of moisture
iv. Under changing climatic scenario, soil organic carbon(SOC)
is under severe attack. So, it is important to maintain SOC
for better soil structure & texture , to maintain better growth
of plants.
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9. v. Most important method to contol flower drop is application
growth regulator, like Ethrel (250 ppm) @ 25DAS sowing.
Ethylene released from Ethrel decreased the flower and pod
shedding, increased the pod set and thereby resulted in better
pod yield in chickpea.
TREATMENTS Number of
flowers pt
Number of
flowers
dropped pt-1
Number of
flowers
Aborted pt-1
CGR
(60 DAS –
maturity)
RGR
(30 DAS -
45DAS)
T1 - 250 ppm Ethrel
at 25 DAS
22.8 2.1 2.6 7.63 62.8
T8 –Control 21.8 2.5 3.1 7.10 6.04
Menaka et.al. (2018)
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10. vii. Planofix is an aquous solution containing
4.5 % (w/w) of Alpha napthyl acetic acid active
ingredient, used for the purpose of inducing
flowering and prevent shedding of flower buds.
vi. Foliar spray of NAA @ 40 mg/lt once at pre-flowering and
another at 15 days thereafter and GA3 (20 ppm) can also be
applied.
NAA GA3
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11. .
viii. Among all these growth regulators
CCC(Cycocel) is the most reliable and most
relevant as it checks abscission of flowers and
also produce compact plants @ 0.64mm
ix. Now a days TNAU Pulses Wonder which
acts as a booster and decreases the flower
drop and increases the yield, also low in cost
(Rs. 200/kg).Dose of TNAU Pulses Wonder in
2kg/acre and it is sprayed at the pick flowering
stage.
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12. x. To clean up the debris and fallen leaves of plants to avoid
further spread of pest and diseases.
xi. Due to heavy rain there may be minor injuries to plants, to
overcome it would be beneficial to spray fungicides to stop
the spread to fungal pathogens and also insects.
xii. Growing of those varieties which tolerance against pod
borers.
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13. Chattopadhya N., Sunitha S., John G. and Choudhari V.R.Occurrence of hail
storms and strategies to minimize its effect on crops,2017.India
Meteorological Department,68(1) :75-92 .
Mar S.,Nomura H.,Takahashi Y.,Ogata K. and Yabe M. Impact of Erratic
Rainfall from Climate Change on Pulse Production Efficiency in Lower
Myanmar,2018. Institute of Tropical Agriculture.
Menaka P.,Ashoka Rani Y.,Narasimha Rao K.L.,Hareesh Babu P. and Lal
Ahame M.Response of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to Foliar
Application of Ethrel, Kinetin and Boron,2018.Department of Crop
Physiology, Agricultural College , 7(11): 1653-1660
Sultana H.Z. and Barakat S.G. Flower and pod abortion in chickpea as
affected by sowing date and cultivar,2014. Crop Production and
Protection Department, American University of Beirut,75:321-327.
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