This document provides a summary of an industrial visit by students to various agricultural facilities in Odisha, India. It includes summaries of visits to: 1) An orchid garden where various dendrobium orchid varieties are commercially cultivated using coconut husk media in a polyhouse structure. 2) The Central Tuber Crop Research Institute where research is conducted on tropical tuber crops like sweet potato and efforts are made to transfer technologies to tribal farmers through demonstrations. 3) The Centre of Excellence facility which demonstrates high-tech horticulture production methods using infrastructure like polygreenhouses, net houses, and high tunnels to commercially grow vegetables, flowers and more.

1. 1
REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL VISIT
(RAWE -411) (2018-19)
GUIDED BY: Mr. ANSHUMAN JENA
Dr. S .PANDA
Mr.CHAKRADHAR PATRA
Miss. UPASANA MOHAPATRA
CO-ORDINATED BY: Dr.R.K.RAJ
SUBMITTED BY – ANUBHAV BISWAL
Regd . no . - 1541901179
RAWE GROUP - 14

2. 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is with a sense of great pleasure I, ANUBHAV BISWAL bearing Regd. No-
1541901179 of 4th
yrBsc.Ag am presenting this report of Industrial Visit Programme of
2018.
First of all,I am very much thankful to our Dean, Institute of Agricultural Sciences,
SOA UNIVERSITY, Bhubaneswar for his cooperation and encouragement.
According to my point of view, the most important achievement of this RAWE
program is that,it gave chance to all of us to watch the practical agricultural and allied
industries which we had read about in the theory books,it has generated interest in the
minds of the students to gain something new and new knowledge through this industry
visit.
The industrial training programme started on 5TH
NOVEMBER, 2018 .
 First visit was on the due date 5th
November to ORCHID GARDEN
 On 6th
November we visited CTCRI
 On 8th
November we visited CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE.
 Lastly on 12th
November , we visited CHES.
.
I am very much thankful to our RAWE programme coordinator Dr.R.K.Raj sir who
conducted this programme. And also a sincere thanks to Dr. S. Panda , Dr. Niranjan
ayak, Dr.B.K Sahoo, Mr.Anshuman jena, Miss.Upasana Mohapatra for their
deliberate guidance in this industrial tour .
Last but not the least, I am thankful to all my friends and specially my group
members who were attached with me during the RAWE programme for their help and
cooperation .

3. 3
CONTENT
SL NO INDUSTRY PAGE NO
1 Orchid Garden 4
2 Central Tuber Crop Research
Institute
9
3 Centre of Excellence 16
4 Central Horticultural Experiment
Station
24

4. 4
1-ORCHID GARDEN, KANTABADA
We had a visit to orchid garden,Godibari on 5th
November, 2018 on our industrial
attachment programme of RAWE.
Retired KARNAL SUJAN MOHANTY is the owner of the orchid garden. He started his
programme just a year ago and MAHESWAR SIR is the operational manager of the
Garden.
He, has a beautiful and well maintained 2500 sq.mt polyhouse for orchid cultivation.
Orchid source – Florance flora, Bangalore
Introduction
Orchid is the national flower of Singapore.
Family- Orchidaceae
Climate- Tropical belt

5. 5
Origin- South and Central America , Mexico
Genera- 600-800
Species- 25,000- 30,000
Cultivar- 50,000-60,000
1600 species are native to India , among them north east- 800, north west -200 , central
and western India – 200 , south and costal region – 200
Orchid cultivation in India – Kerala ,north east ,Karnataka
In Odisha- Huma (Berhampur)
Why orchid?
The most highly coveted of ornamental plants , the delicate, exotic , and graceful orchid
represents love, luxury, beauty, strength. It has high demand in market i.e. ₹10/ stick. It
can be stored upto 21 days without deteriorating the quality. It can bloom 2-3 times a
year. Orchid can survive few hours to 6 months depending on the species.
Varieties
Species usually found are hot species, cold species, symposium species and
dendrobium species. In the orchid garden they are dendrobium species which includes-
Dendrobium ersakulum - height – 4 inch, colour- purple
Dendrobium singapore white – height- 9 inch, colour – white
Factors affecting the growth-
 Light intensity- 200- 800 foot candles
 Temperature (Day- 15-25° c ,Night – 10- 15.5° c)
 Warm orchid – 34- 35° c
 Humidity – 75-80 %
(Perfect ventilation)
 Partial shady location
 Co2 (2000-3000 ppm)
Characteristics of potting media

6. 6
 Good aeration
 Well drained
 Rich in humus
 Retain adequate moisture
 Supply sufficient nutrients
 ph of growing mwedium should be nutral to acidic
Potting media
They are using coconut husk media because it lasts longer than the bark with no
degradation. Wet coconut husk holds water and air like sponge. It has excellent
drainage and cuts down fertilizer up to 30%. It prevents stress after repotting, neutral
ph, resistant to fungal growth and 100% natural and renewable.
Before using the husks leaching action is carried out to remove salt content and then
treated with chlorpyriphos, Bavistin , imidacloprid.
Infrastructure
The garden has its own polyhouse and surrounded by solar fencing 8000- 11000 volt.
The area of polyhouse is 2500 sq. mt. 10 orchids are planted in a sq. mt , so total 25000
orchids are being cultivated in the polyhouse. The polyhouse has 4 gutter ,
microsprinkler on the top of poly film, fogging system, misting system below the bed.
The advantages of polyhouse-
 Orchids can be grown under controlled environment and throughout the year
without depending on the season.
 Insect pests are less in polyhouse cultivation .
 External climate does not have any impact on plant growth.
 It has good aeration and good drainage system.
 Orchids receive diffused sun rays through polyhouse for their growth
The height of bed is 1.1 mt above the ground. Bed is north- south direction. Coconut
husks are placed sidewise over the bed.
Fertilizer application
 Liquid fertilizers(spray) are being applied to the orchids
 N:P:K= 20:20:20 kg/ 1 polyhouse
 Fertigation 2times a week , dose= 800gm/200lt urea
 Libra Combi 2 Insecticide applied 2times in a month, dose= 120 gm/400lt

7. 7
 The planting was completed by 19th
July,2018, and the flowering would be around
January-February.
Finance
 Total expenditure (excluding electricity, borewell, tank etc.) = ₹ 42-45lakhs
 Government subsidy= ₹ 20-25 lakhs
 Total area = 2500sq.mt
 1sqmt = 10 plants
 2500sq.mt = 2500*10= 25000 plants
 Per stick = ₹ 10
 25000 plants =₹ 2.5 lakh
 No. of blooming in a year= 6
 Expected income per year = 6*2.5=₹ 15 lakh/year
 Total expenditure per year =₹ 8-9 lakh (appox. 9 lakh)
 Expected profit per year=₹ 6 lakh

8. 8
2-CTCRI (Central Tuber Crop Research Institute),
BHUBANESWAR
We visited the CTCRI on 16th
November 2018
The Regional Centre of the Institute at Bhubaneswar is concentrating on
research on sweet potato and aroids catering to the needs of the Eastern and North
Eastern Regions of the country. It also functions as a Phytosanitary Centre for
screening of germplasm received from abroad. At present 13 Institutional and 9
externally aided projects dealing with the vital issues related to improvement,
production, protection and utilization of tropical tuber crops and also to fulfill the socio-
economic commitments of the farming community are in operation at the Regional
Centre.

9. 9
TECHNOLOGIES-
 Research on tropical tuber crops is the primary mandate of CTCRI. Each division
CTCRI concentrate its research programmes on separate aspects of tuber crops.
Crop improvement division focus its activities on collection germplasm of different
tuber crops from different parts of the world and conserving it in field gene bank
as well as in vitro. Development of new varieties of tuber crops with higher yield
and other attributes suitable for industrial applications as well as for food purpose
is another important activity of this division. Crop production division is engaged
in developing new agro techniques for tropical tuber crops in different agro
climatic regions. Crop protection division develop strategies and products for
managing pests and diseases affecting tropical tuber crops. Crop utilization
division concentrates its activities on value addition and post harvest processing
of tropical tuber crops. Section of Extension and social sciences is involved in
transferring the technologies developed by CTCRI to its clienteles.
TRIBAL SUB PLAN--
 Root and tuber crops are indispensable in tribal areas as they play crucial role in
food and nutritional security of the tribals. Under Tribal Sub Plan (TSP),
systematic efforts were undertaken to improve the productivity of root and tuber
crops by careful application of improved technologies.
 During the year 2013-2014, the Regional Centre of Central Tuber Crops
Research Institute, Dumuduma, Bhubaneswar, India, under the Tribal Sub Plan
selected three states ie., Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand and Odisha for implementation
of TSP. The primary aim of the programme was to enhance the food security and
livelihood through introduction of tuber crops technologies . All the three states
are comprised of hilly and plateau terrain. Ranchi district in Jharkhand,
Narayanpur district in Chhattisgarh, and Kandhamal and Koraput districts in
Odisha, were selected for the present programme. All these districts are
dominated by tribals. A total of 205 tribal farmers were selected for conducting
310 demonstrations on tuber crops technologies. High yielding varieties were
also introduced as technological interventions. Quality planting materials of
greater yam (Orissa Elite) 6000 kg, elephant foot yam 8000 kg, taro (Muktakeshi)
6000 kg, yam bean (RM-1) 100 kg, sweet potato (ST14 and Kishan) 100000 vine
cuttings and cassava (Sree Jaya, Sree Vijaya and Vellayani Hraswa) 9000 setts
were used for the demonstrations. The area covered in all the three states
together were 3.0 ha under greater yam, 1.6 ha under elephant foot yam, 3.0 ha
under taro, 10 ha under yam bean, 1.25 ha under sweet potato and 0.9 ha under
cassava.
 The cultivation of high yielding varieties of tuber crops like elephant foot yam,
greater yam, yam bean, sweet potato, cassava and taro hold promise in the hilly
and plateau regions of Odisha, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand states of India. The
study indicated that root and tuber crops play significant role in the improvement
of livelihood security and income of tribal farmers.

10. 10
Capacity building of farmers
 Capacity building training programmes were organized for the tribal
farmers three in Ranchi, two in Narayanpur districts and one each in
Kandhamal and Koraput districts on root and tuber crops production
and value addition.

11. 11

12. 12

13. 13

14. 14
3-CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE,DERAS

15. 15
On 8th
November, 2018 we had visited centre of excellence and Dr. JAYANTA KUMAR
BISWAL help us to visit all the polyhouse and toldd the variety of crop grown inside it.
About -
Odisha is situated in the East Coast of India along the Bay of Bengal and is bordered by
Jharkhand to the North, West Bengal to the North-East, Chhattisgarh to the West and
Andhra Pradesh to the south. It encompasses an area of 155,701 sqkms.
The State is bestowed with diverse climatic conditions and has a coast line extending to
480 kms. The climate is predominantly tropical characterised by high temperature, high
humidity, medium to high rainfall and mild winter. The average normal rain fall is 1451
mm per annum, of which 75-80% is received during June to September. Despite high
rainfall natural calamities like drought, flood and cyclones visit the state quite
frequently.
The soils differ from highly acidic to slightly alkaline and from light sandy to stiff clay.
Majority of them are light textured red soils having low water holding capacity, low
fertility and are highly erodible. Map showing various types of soils.
There are ten agro-climatic zones prevailing in the state making it possible to grow a
variety of crops throughout the year. Fruit crops like Mango, litchi, guava, orange, limes,
banana and papaya grow well. Spices, roots, tubers and vegetables have significant
coverage. The low temperature in hilly areas at higher altitudes offers ideal conditions
for growing off season vegetables. A large variety of flowers can be grown in different
zones.
To obviate the vagaries of nature and produce more on comparatively smaller
land holdings, hi-tech horticulture is the only way forward that would boost production

16. 16
and productivity and bring more income for farmers. It has been decided to establish
Centre of Excellence in each State in the National Horticulture Conference during 2012.
Accordingly the project proposal for establishment of such a Centre at Deras, Khurda
has been sanctioned under RKVY,2013-14.
The Centre is located about 15 kms, from the capital city of Bhubaneswar. It is spread
over an area of about 50.00 Acres and has suitable infrastructure for demonstration of
good practices for farmers.
BROAD OBJECTIVES OF THE CENTRE:
• To produce and supply quality planting materials of horticulture crops to farmers in a
time bound manner.
• To reduce the adversities of natural calamities on production of quality planting
materials and produce of horticulture crops.
• To ensure modification in the planning time of horticulture crops.
• To reduce field mortality of quality planting materials of horticulture crops.
•To permit accurate crop scheduling.
• To promote multiple crop per season per unit area.
• To increase per unit production of horticulture produces.
•To minimize wastage of expensive seeds.
• To impart training to farmers/entrepreneurs/staffs on best practise.
• To act as a demonstrative farm for farmers.
ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN::
A.VEGETABLES:
 High tech nursery for production of seedlings.
 Vegetable cultivation in Green houses.
 Vegetable cultivation in naturally ventilated high Tunnels with roof ventilation.
 Cultivation under Net Houses.
 Vegetable cultivation in open field with drip and mulching.
B.FLORICULTURE:
 Gerbera(variety stanza ,silver star,baillence) cultivation in green houses and
naturally ventilated high tunnels with roof ventilation.
 Cut flower roses under greenhouse conditions.
 Cultivation of Chrysanthemum .
 Ventilated high tunnels with roof ventilation.
 Marigold, Gladiolus and Tuberose in open field
C.POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT:

17. 17
 Besides cultivation all post-harvest technology for different crops will be
demonstrated.
D.TRAINING:
 Farmers, entrepreneurs and staff of the Department shall be trained on best
practices in the Training Centre
COMPONENTS & INFRASTRUCTURE-
PROTECTED STRUCTURES
.POLY GREEN HOUSE-
• Poly Greenhouse is a framed structure covered with plastic film (transparent
and translucent) in which plants are grown under partially or fully controlled
environment.
• The plastic film used in greenhouse acts as selective radiation filter.
• The solar radiations pass through it and trap the thermal energy inside the
green house, which is emitted by the objects that are kept inside, this
phenomena is known as “Greenhouse Effect”.
• The Polythene film used have special properties like anti drip, anti fog, anti
virus, anti sulfur that helps in better plant growth.
• The UV stabilization of the plastic film elongates the self life of the film.
• UV Blocking of the film reduces the effect of insects and pests as their sight is
blocked.
• The film diffuses solar radiation that results in better photosynthetic activity as
light reaches more areas of the plants.
• Fruits like Grapes, Strawberries etc.
.SHADENET HOUSE
• Shade-Net house is a framed structure made of materials such as GI pipes,
angle iron, wood or bamboo.
• It is covered with plastics net (Nets are made of 100% Polyethylene thread with
specialised UV treatment) having different shade percentages.
• It provides partially controlled atmosphere and environment by reducing light
intensity and effective heat during day time to crops grown under it.
• Each plant has its individual requirements for sunlight and shade under which it
flourishes at its best.
• To create optimum climatic conditions, selection of the correct percentage of

18. 18
shade factor plays an important role to enhance plant’s productivity to its
optimum.
5 .POLLY-TUNNELS
• Poly-Tunnel is a miniature form of Poly greenhouse.
• Its construction is sturdier and compact.
• Though top ventilation is not provided in normal conditions, in our condition, to take
care of high humidity, top ventilation is provided along with side ventilation.
• Height of the structure is within 3m, width 10m and length can be up to 100m.
• The advantages of a poly greenhouse are obtained in a Tunnel Structure.
• Low tunnels can also be effectively used for raising seedlings and plants at early
stages.
Advantages-
• Used for raising healthy and early nursery.
• Maintains optimum temperature for plant growth.
• Enhances nutrients uptake by the plants.
• Increases photosynthetic activities of the plants.
• Used for cultivation during winter.
• Protection against wind, rain, frost & snow.
* Fertigation Management- In order to control the balanced nutrition for each plant one
Fertigation chamber has been established. The water soluble fertilisers shall be
supplied to the plants along with irrigation water through drip lines and shall be
monitored through a computer.
. Weather Station
 A weather station shall be established to record minimum local weather
conditions like temperature, humidity, wind velocity etc required for the crop
production under protected condition.
. Production of Vegetable Seedlings (Automatic)
 One Automatic seedling machine with arrangements for sowing in Plug trays in
growing medium required for production of vegetable seedlings like Cauliflower,
Cabbage, Knolkhol, Brinjal, Tomato, Onion& Garlic has been established.
. Training on Hi-Tech Cultivation
 For both Classrooms teaching and On-farm training with accommodation, an
Administrative Building and Training Centre shall be established to impart
training on modern technologies of horticulture to the farmers, entrepreneurs as
well as refresh the knowledge of staffs.
But generally we learn 3 types of structure uses there-

19. 19
I. Shadement net house(SNH)
II. Naturally venteleted poly green house(NVPGH)
III. Polygreen house with fan & oad system(PGH FP)

20. 20

21. 21

22. 22

23. 23

24. 24
4-Central Horticultural Experiment Station(CHES),
Bhubaneswar
Dr. H.S. Singh
Principal Scientist & I/c. Head
DATE:-12/11/2018
HISTORY OF THE REGIONAL CENTRE:-
Central Horticultural Experiment Station, Aiginia, Bhubaneswar a regional station of
ICAR -Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore was established on 6th
November 1992. The Station is located at Aiginia village,in the south of the historical
place khandagiri on the National Highway-5,the station is about 6 km away from the
capital city of BBSR, which was founded and inaugurated by :-
Dr. Balram Jakhar, Union Minister of Agriculture and Co-
operation, Govt. of India and President, Indian Council of Agriculture Research.
The Station has developed different varieties and technologies to suit the agro-climatic
conditions of the eastern region and propagated them in best possible mechanisms
available to different parts of the State of Odisha and other parts of Eastern India as per
the mission of “Development and dissemination of sustainable technologies for
enhanced horticultural productivity, quality and profitability”. Now the station has office
and laboratory, research farm under micro irrigation system, ATIC, training hall and
nursery unit

25. 25
BASIC INFORMATION:-
Total cultivated area-40 acre
Latitude:-20 degree 15’
Longitude:-85 degree 15’
Mean sea level:-25.5 m MSL
The topography of the area in general is high lands with gentle slopes towards south-
east.
Temperature:-40 degree
RH :-60-85% by large ,the climate of the area is close to mid-wet and dry (hot and
humid)
THE MANDATE:-To conduct applied and strategic research in horticultural crops
particularly in fruits and vegetables to develop sustainable horticultural production
technologies suitable to the eastern region of the country with special reference to
Orissa and adjoining areas.

26. 26
OBJECTIVES:-
The principal aim to establish the station was to carter to the research needs and to
develop and refine the technologies of horticultural crops.The objectives detailed below.
 Identification/development of genotype/hybrid/varieties of fruits and vegetables
suitable to the region.
 Development of sustainable production technologies in fruits and vegetables for
higher productivity
 Working out Integrated Water and Nutrient Management schedules for fruits and
vegetables.
 Developing Integrated Pest and Disease Management protocols for various fruits
and vegetables crops for economically important pests and diseases.
 Production and supply of diseases free planting materials of fruit and vegetable
crops.
 Transfer of technologies through training, awareness camp and visits of the farmers.
MISSION:-
Development and dissemination of sustainable technologies for enhanced horticultural
productivity, quality and profitability.
A. Plant genetic resource
Collection, conservation, evaluation and utilization of germplasm of fruits and
vegetables as well as identification of varieties and hybrids suitable for the region were
important activities of the station. The numbers of germplasm lines and varieties have
been collected, maintained and being evaluated at the station.
Crops Total collection
Fruit crops
Mango 122
Jackfruit 37
Bael 11
Annona sp. 11
Underutilized fruit crops 31
Sub-total 212
Vegetable crop
Ivy gourd 18

27. 27
Pointed gourd 20
Spine gourd 40
Teasel gourd 80
Bitter gourd 48
Sweet gourd 01
Melothria 07
Chilli 106
Moringa 10
Beans 40
Leafy vegetables 50
Sub-total 420
Grand total 632
These are the some varieties which are released from this station---
Crop Variety
Breeding tool
used
Specific Characters
Mango
Arka Neelachal
Kesari
Clonal
Selection
Extra early (ripening in March),
Colour, high yield and fruit fly free in
coastal Orissa
Custard
apple
Arka Neelachal
Vikram
Clonal
Selection
High yield, low seed content, high
keeping quality.
Chilli
Arka Neelachal Agni
Mass
Selection
High yield, suitable for green as well
as red chilli
Brinjal
Arka Neelachal
Shyama
Mass
Selection
High yield, round light purple fruit with
soft pulp suitable for frying.
Spine
Gourd
Arka Neelachal ShreeSelection
High yield, good appearance, high
market preference
Arka Neelachal
Shanti (Hybrid)
Selection
The variety exhibits plant and flower
morphology more similar to teasel
gourd while its fruit morphology is
more close to spine gourd.
Ivy gourd
Arka Neelachal
Khunkhi
Selection
Extra large fruit, soft texture, high
yield, suitable for salad also.
Arka Neelachal
Sabuja
Selection
High yield, hardy plant type,
tolerance to bruishing.
Pointed
Gourd
Arka Neelachal Kirti Selection
High yield, solid core, soft seed, high
market preference.
Teasle
gourd
Arka Neelachal
Gaurav
Selection
High yield, soft seed, high market
preference.

28. 28
Production technologies
S.No. Technology Brief description
1.
Mango-based
intercropping
models
Sweet potato-cowpea-amaranth and cowpea-tomato-okra
combinations as intercrop were found to be the best in
terms of economic returns. Miniature fruit crops like pine
apple grown in 50-60% inter space in young mango
orchard has also been found equally remunerative.
2.
Fertigation in
Banana
75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF*)
*RDF=200 : 80 : 220 g NPK / plant
3:2:1 (NPK ratio) and 75:20:27.5 (NPK dose) for vegetable
growth.
3.
Nutrient
management in
guava
Different doses of NPK influenced the growth and fruit
yield of guava variety Allahabad Safeda after 7th
year
imposition of treatment
4.
Single trellis system
for cucurbits
Suitable for pointed gourd, bitter gourd, spine gourd,
teasel gourd, ivy gourd
On-going externally aided projects-
 Tribal Sub-plan on Promotion of Horticulture for Tribal Livelihood (TSP)
 Development of National database on mango (DBT funded project)
 Consortium Research Platform (CRP) on Borers (ICAR)
 All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Vegetable crops (ICAR)
 All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Fruits (ICAR).
Mango cultivation in trellies

29. 29
(GRAFTING AND AIRLAYERING)-

30. 30

31. 31

32. 32
EXPERIENCE GAINED FROM THE VISITS:-
Industrial visit is a vital part of our learning process .So its called as the Experimental
Learning Process. We are acquainted with the classroom learning ,but by this we knew
about the actual things practically .
Some points are here what I specially learnt from the one month Industrial visit
program:-
1-Mangoes are also can be cultivated in trellis .
2-We gain knowledge about the intercropping of Mango and pineapple and mulching in
pine apple.
3-We acquired knowledge about the techniques of grafting ,budding and air layering of
different crop.
4-We mostly see the architecture of the cultivation ,which help us to grow various
plants in the small place systematically .
5-We see how orchid can be cultivated .
6- We see the how tuber crop can be processed and different processing equipment
and learn about the nutritional value of the processing product .
7-We see the high density planting.
8-We see the fertigation chamber and different variety of crop.
9-We see the various types of cultivations are done in Green house by controlling the
seasons and the factors.
10-We see and practically use the agricultural machineries which are very smart and
help to the modern agriculture .
Lastly we gained vast knowledge and experience from this
industrial visit .
THANK YOU
ANUBHAV BISWAL
1541901178