This July issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: soybean pests, fungicide applications and the role of water in corn development.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in North Dakota and northern Minnesota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Eastern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
Learn more about late season soybean diseases, how to manage prevented plant acres, fall tillage options and yield monitor calibration tips in this August issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in southeastern Minnesota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Northern Minnesota and northern Wisconsin Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
This August issue of Walking Your Fields contains the following articles for growers in northern WI and northern MN: corn rootworm damage, late season soybean diseases and corn drydown and harvest timing.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Wisconsin Walking Your Fields newsletter-JuneDuPont Pioneer
This issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: late planted forage options, nitrogen management, glyphosate restrictions, cover crop options and soybean planting date.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Central Minnesota’s Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
DuPont Pioneer agronomists talk about soybean aphids, fungicide applications, weed resistance and corn rootworm pressure in this July issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
South Dakota Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
This document discusses water usage and needs in corn crops. It notes that annual precipitation in South Dakota varies greatly from 13 to 30 inches, which can cause water stress or drought for corn depending on rainfall. Water is especially important during tasseling and from that stage through dent stage when corn demands 0.25 inches of water per day. Insufficient water can lower yields. While root growth can access more water, high temperatures also increase water needs, potentially doubling requirements in 90 degree weather. Water stress most impacts yields during pollination and grainfill. Maintaining soil moisture through irrigation can increase yields up to 30% by reducing evapotranspiration. The document provides details on corn water usage and loss through evapotranspiration and
ND & Northern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
The document discusses corn drydown and harvest timing. It notes that corn planted in mid-late May or early June in the region will likely reach maturity later than usual. It also discusses factors that influence drydown rate like temperature, wind, and hybrid. The ideal harvest moisture is 22-25% but waiting until 18% risks losses from weather, stalk lodging and ear drop. Artificial drying costs vary depending on fuel prices but may increase profitability when losses are anticipated.
Western MN and eastern SD Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
The corn crop is developing well with most fields reaching the VT (tassel) stage by August 1, which should allow crops to reach maturity before fall frosts. Growers who applied side-dress nitrogen prior to canopy closure are expected to see rewards from the recent rainfall. Corn rootworm and soybean aphid scouting should continue. Mark DeGroot has joined the DuPont Pioneer sales team as the new Account Manager for the territory covering Eastern South Dakota and Western Minnesota. Additional agronomy support will be provided by Field Agronomists Curt Hoffbeck and Larry Osborne to better serve growers in the region.
South Dakota Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
Learn about late season soybean diseases, yield monitor calibration tips and guidance on corn drydown and harvest timing in this August issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in South Dakota and distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Eastern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
Learn more about late season soybean diseases, how to manage prevented plant acres, fall tillage options and yield monitor calibration tips in this August issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in southeastern Minnesota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Northern Minnesota and northern Wisconsin Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
This August issue of Walking Your Fields contains the following articles for growers in northern WI and northern MN: corn rootworm damage, late season soybean diseases and corn drydown and harvest timing.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Wisconsin Walking Your Fields newsletter-JuneDuPont Pioneer
This issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: late planted forage options, nitrogen management, glyphosate restrictions, cover crop options and soybean planting date.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Central Minnesota’s Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
DuPont Pioneer agronomists talk about soybean aphids, fungicide applications, weed resistance and corn rootworm pressure in this July issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
South Dakota Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
This document discusses water usage and needs in corn crops. It notes that annual precipitation in South Dakota varies greatly from 13 to 30 inches, which can cause water stress or drought for corn depending on rainfall. Water is especially important during tasseling and from that stage through dent stage when corn demands 0.25 inches of water per day. Insufficient water can lower yields. While root growth can access more water, high temperatures also increase water needs, potentially doubling requirements in 90 degree weather. Water stress most impacts yields during pollination and grainfill. Maintaining soil moisture through irrigation can increase yields up to 30% by reducing evapotranspiration. The document provides details on corn water usage and loss through evapotranspiration and
ND & Northern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
The document discusses corn drydown and harvest timing. It notes that corn planted in mid-late May or early June in the region will likely reach maturity later than usual. It also discusses factors that influence drydown rate like temperature, wind, and hybrid. The ideal harvest moisture is 22-25% but waiting until 18% risks losses from weather, stalk lodging and ear drop. Artificial drying costs vary depending on fuel prices but may increase profitability when losses are anticipated.
Western MN and eastern SD Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
The corn crop is developing well with most fields reaching the VT (tassel) stage by August 1, which should allow crops to reach maturity before fall frosts. Growers who applied side-dress nitrogen prior to canopy closure are expected to see rewards from the recent rainfall. Corn rootworm and soybean aphid scouting should continue. Mark DeGroot has joined the DuPont Pioneer sales team as the new Account Manager for the territory covering Eastern South Dakota and Western Minnesota. Additional agronomy support will be provided by Field Agronomists Curt Hoffbeck and Larry Osborne to better serve growers in the region.
South Dakota Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
Learn about late season soybean diseases, yield monitor calibration tips and guidance on corn drydown and harvest timing in this August issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in South Dakota and distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Managing Phytophthora Root & Stem Rot of SoybeansDuPont Pioneer
Learn how to manage Phytophthora, commonly associated with heavy, poorly-drained or compacted soils. It can weaken or even kill plants at all stages of growth.
This document outlines alternatives for controlling field bindweed, a pernicious weed. It discusses cultural controls like preventing the spread of bindweed seeds and parts between fields. Physical controls include using black plastic mulch or fabric barriers. Crop rotations and cover crops can also help suppress bindweed by providing shade or competing for resources. Specific crop rotations and sequences involving forage sorghum, sunflowers, pumpkins, and alfalfa are highlighted. The document also describes a 5-year non-chemical strategy combining mechanical tillage and cropping.
1. Groundnut, also known as peanut, is an important oil and protein crop grown primarily in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. It is a self-pollinating, annual herbaceous legume.
2. Groundnut is predominantly grown in tropical and subtropical regions with rainfall between 500-1250 mm during the crop season. Ideal soil types are sandy loams with a pH between 5-5.5.
3. Groundnut seeds are usually sown in kharif season from June-July under rainfed conditions or in rabi/summer under irrigation. Proper sowing, weed, water and pest management are required to achieve optimal pod yields.
Grasshoppers are sporadic pests that sometimes migrate in large populations and defoliate gardens. More than 200 grasshopper species occur in California, but only a few like the devastating grasshopper and valley grasshopper cause significant problems. Grasshoppers lay eggs in soil in fall which hatch the following spring. Nymphs molt several times before becoming adults. Population sizes vary yearly, with major outbreaks occurring every 8-10 years if conditions are favorable for several years. Grasshoppers prefer young plants and remove large sections of leaves, sometimes devouring entire plants. Management options during major invasions are limited, but trap crops and insecticides around garden borders can help control smaller populations.
Weed management in maize,sorghum&perl millet plantsMahendra Anjana
This document discusses weed management in C4 plants such as maize, sorghum, and pearl millet. It identifies common weed flora including broad-leaf weeds and grass weeds. Yield losses from weeds can range from 20-30% but vary based on management practices. The critical period for weed control is early crop establishment to early reproductive stages from 30-60 days after sowing. Various weed management techniques are outlined including crop rotation, intercropping, seed treatment, soil preparation, hand weeding, mulching, fertilizer practices, soil solarization, harvesting at maturity, and chemical control options.
Dreamland Industries was formed in 2008 to help create rural prosperity by developing innovative crops. They have completed two harvests of safflower in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and New Mexico. For 2011, they are looking to contract more safflower acreage. Safflower is a drought-resistant crop that produces vegetable oil and has other benefits like a deep taproot and minimal input needs. It can be grown with conventional equipment and has a relatively short 120-150 day growing period. Dreamland provides information on recommended planting dates, fertilization, weed control, harvesting, and yields to help farmers have a successful safflower crop.
The document summarizes the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of rice cultivation. SRI uses younger seedlings, wider spacing between plants, less flooding of fields, and other practices. It can significantly increase rice yields, often doubling average yields, while reducing water, seed, and other input needs. SRI goes against conventional agriculture wisdom but evidence shows it improves root and tiller growth, leading to higher productivity from existing rice varieties and genomes.
Presenter: Norman Uphoff
The Cornell Agroforestry Working Group/ The Management of Organic Inputs in Soils of the Tropics Group (CAWG/MOIST) Seminar Series 2003, USA
- The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an alternative methodology for growing rice that can significantly increase yields using fewer external inputs. It involves transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing, maintaining moist soil conditions, and mechanical weeding.
- SRI has led to increased yields of 8-16 tons/hectare in various countries, compared to average worldwide yields of 3.8 tons/hectare, through profuse tillering, greater root growth, larger panicles, and less water requirement. Additional benefits include lower costs, higher profits, and less need for fertilizers and agrochemicals.
- While counterintuitive, SRI principles take advantage of plant biology and dynamics
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an alternative methodology for growing rice. SRI uses younger seedlings, wider spacing between plants, and reduced flooding of fields. It results in larger root systems and increased tillering. Studies have found SRI can double average yields to 8 tons/hectare while reducing water use by 50%, costs of production, and need for agrochemicals. SRI appears counterintuitive but reflects farmers' experiences of increased output from fewer external inputs under improved growing conditions.
This document summarizes research from a decade of cover crop studies at Western Illinois University:
1) Key lessons learned include the impact of cover crops on soil health, nutrient cycling, and suppressing crop diseases. Cereal rye was shown to improve soil structure and increase yields when diseases were present.
2) Research trials evaluated different cover crop species and varieties, planting times, and their effects on subsequent cash crops. Radishes and other brassicas improved soil penetration and water retention. Frost seeded red clover produced more biomass than other legumes.
3) Experiments tested no-till systems with cover crops, effects of added nitrogen, and strip-tilling techniques. Cereal rye facilitated successful
This document provides information on organic asparagus production, including variety selection, site preparation, weed, insect and disease management. Key points:
1) Variety selection is important, with all-male hybrids like 'Jersey Giant' yielding much more than older varieties. Soil pH between 6.5-7.5 and amendments before planting also improve growth.
2) Weed control is a major challenge, requiring elimination of perennials before planting and a combination of cultivation, mulching, cover crops and flaming for annual weeds.
3) Pests like asparagus beetle and rust can reduce yields but can be managed through sanitation, crop rotation and resistant varieties.
Tissue culture is the propagation of plants using plant parts, single cells, or cell groups grown in a sterile, controlled environment. Banana is an important crop for India, contributing 37% of total fruit production. It grows best in tropical climates between 13-38°C with humidity of 75-85%. Good soil for banana has drainage, fertility, and moisture with a pH of 6-7.5. Common varieties include Grand Naine, which is becoming most popular for its stress tolerance and fruit quality. Land preparation involves adding organic matter to pits or furrows which are then planted with banana plants.
The document provides best practices for establishing and maintaining a Wadi programme, which involves planting fruit trees. It outlines recommendations for plot selection and marking, pit digging and filling, graft selection and planting, aftercare including staking, basin preparation, mulching, shade provision, and intercropping. Proper spacing, soil management, irrigation, and integrated pest management are emphasized.
Alternate bearing in avocados is genetically encoded and can be difficult to manage. It is usually precipitated by abnormal crops that stress the tree's resources. While alternate bearing indexes show it is a problem globally, management strategies like pruning, nutrition timing, and growth regulators can help reduce its amplitude. Achieving the proper balance of vegetative and reproductive growth is key to stabilizing yields from year to year.
This presentation only for education purpose. Any one can use this pptx file for their educational purpose. If anyone want any type of presentation , just knock me, I;ll try to help them.
6. cultural control of weeds A lecture by Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Cultural weed control uses non-chemical crop management practices like variety selection, land preparation, and harvesting techniques. It aims to prevent weed growth and reduce weed populations through practices like maintaining soil moisture to suppress weeds, using crop rotations and intercropping to limit available nutrients and space for weeds, and establishing crop stands that are vigorous competitors with weeds through practices like optimizing planting dates and fertilizer application. The document provides 25 specific cultural weed control practices and explains how each works to control weeds without the use of herbicides.
Legume cover crops can provide a significant source of nitrogen (N) in organic farming systems. They fix atmospheric N through symbiotic bacteria, and the legume residue decomposes to release N for subsequent crops. The amount of N contributed depends on the legume species, biomass production, and time of termination. Farmers must determine biomass levels through clipping samples and calculate N content based on tissue testing or estimated percentages. Only about half the total legume N will typically be available to crops in the first year, with the remainder mineralizing in subsequent seasons. Proper species selection and termination timing are important to maximize N benefits while minimizing legume competition with cash crops.
Grasshoppers are difficult to control but their impact can be minimized through preventative management over the long term using non-chemical strategies. These include cultural controls like fall tillage to destroy eggs, trap cropping to concentrate grasshoppers, and encouraging natural predators. Biological controls such as the protozoan Nosema locustae and fungus Beauveria bassiana can be used against nymphs and adults. Physical barriers and traps can also help reduce grasshopper populations. Maintaining farm biodiversity is key to preventing major outbreaks.
Organic Control of White Mold on Soybeans Gardening
This document discusses options for organically controlling white mold, a fungal disease affecting soybeans. It describes how white mold has become a more serious problem due to intensive production practices that create conditions favorable for the fungus. The summary then outlines several non-chemical control strategies, including using resistant soybean varieties, adjusting planting dates and crop canopy, implementing crop rotations, reducing tillage, and using biofungicides to control the fungus.
Organic Alternatives for Late Blight Control in PotatoesGardening
This document summarizes organic alternatives for controlling late blight in potatoes. It discusses that late blight is a serious fungal disease caused by Phytophthora infestans that can destroy potato crops. It provides options for managing the disease organically, including monitoring and forecasting techniques, cultural practices like sanitation and rotation, varietal resistance, and alternative sprays. The summary highlights that several nonchemical options exist to discourage late blight development through cultural practices, varietal resistance, and alternative sprays.
Managing Phytophthora Root & Stem Rot of SoybeansDuPont Pioneer
Learn how to manage Phytophthora, commonly associated with heavy, poorly-drained or compacted soils. It can weaken or even kill plants at all stages of growth.
This document outlines alternatives for controlling field bindweed, a pernicious weed. It discusses cultural controls like preventing the spread of bindweed seeds and parts between fields. Physical controls include using black plastic mulch or fabric barriers. Crop rotations and cover crops can also help suppress bindweed by providing shade or competing for resources. Specific crop rotations and sequences involving forage sorghum, sunflowers, pumpkins, and alfalfa are highlighted. The document also describes a 5-year non-chemical strategy combining mechanical tillage and cropping.
1. Groundnut, also known as peanut, is an important oil and protein crop grown primarily in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. It is a self-pollinating, annual herbaceous legume.
2. Groundnut is predominantly grown in tropical and subtropical regions with rainfall between 500-1250 mm during the crop season. Ideal soil types are sandy loams with a pH between 5-5.5.
3. Groundnut seeds are usually sown in kharif season from June-July under rainfed conditions or in rabi/summer under irrigation. Proper sowing, weed, water and pest management are required to achieve optimal pod yields.
Grasshoppers are sporadic pests that sometimes migrate in large populations and defoliate gardens. More than 200 grasshopper species occur in California, but only a few like the devastating grasshopper and valley grasshopper cause significant problems. Grasshoppers lay eggs in soil in fall which hatch the following spring. Nymphs molt several times before becoming adults. Population sizes vary yearly, with major outbreaks occurring every 8-10 years if conditions are favorable for several years. Grasshoppers prefer young plants and remove large sections of leaves, sometimes devouring entire plants. Management options during major invasions are limited, but trap crops and insecticides around garden borders can help control smaller populations.
Weed management in maize,sorghum&perl millet plantsMahendra Anjana
This document discusses weed management in C4 plants such as maize, sorghum, and pearl millet. It identifies common weed flora including broad-leaf weeds and grass weeds. Yield losses from weeds can range from 20-30% but vary based on management practices. The critical period for weed control is early crop establishment to early reproductive stages from 30-60 days after sowing. Various weed management techniques are outlined including crop rotation, intercropping, seed treatment, soil preparation, hand weeding, mulching, fertilizer practices, soil solarization, harvesting at maturity, and chemical control options.
Dreamland Industries was formed in 2008 to help create rural prosperity by developing innovative crops. They have completed two harvests of safflower in Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and New Mexico. For 2011, they are looking to contract more safflower acreage. Safflower is a drought-resistant crop that produces vegetable oil and has other benefits like a deep taproot and minimal input needs. It can be grown with conventional equipment and has a relatively short 120-150 day growing period. Dreamland provides information on recommended planting dates, fertilization, weed control, harvesting, and yields to help farmers have a successful safflower crop.
The document summarizes the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method of rice cultivation. SRI uses younger seedlings, wider spacing between plants, less flooding of fields, and other practices. It can significantly increase rice yields, often doubling average yields, while reducing water, seed, and other input needs. SRI goes against conventional agriculture wisdom but evidence shows it improves root and tiller growth, leading to higher productivity from existing rice varieties and genomes.
Presenter: Norman Uphoff
The Cornell Agroforestry Working Group/ The Management of Organic Inputs in Soils of the Tropics Group (CAWG/MOIST) Seminar Series 2003, USA
- The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an alternative methodology for growing rice that can significantly increase yields using fewer external inputs. It involves transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing, maintaining moist soil conditions, and mechanical weeding.
- SRI has led to increased yields of 8-16 tons/hectare in various countries, compared to average worldwide yields of 3.8 tons/hectare, through profuse tillering, greater root growth, larger panicles, and less water requirement. Additional benefits include lower costs, higher profits, and less need for fertilizers and agrochemicals.
- While counterintuitive, SRI principles take advantage of plant biology and dynamics
The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an alternative methodology for growing rice. SRI uses younger seedlings, wider spacing between plants, and reduced flooding of fields. It results in larger root systems and increased tillering. Studies have found SRI can double average yields to 8 tons/hectare while reducing water use by 50%, costs of production, and need for agrochemicals. SRI appears counterintuitive but reflects farmers' experiences of increased output from fewer external inputs under improved growing conditions.
This document summarizes research from a decade of cover crop studies at Western Illinois University:
1) Key lessons learned include the impact of cover crops on soil health, nutrient cycling, and suppressing crop diseases. Cereal rye was shown to improve soil structure and increase yields when diseases were present.
2) Research trials evaluated different cover crop species and varieties, planting times, and their effects on subsequent cash crops. Radishes and other brassicas improved soil penetration and water retention. Frost seeded red clover produced more biomass than other legumes.
3) Experiments tested no-till systems with cover crops, effects of added nitrogen, and strip-tilling techniques. Cereal rye facilitated successful
This document provides information on organic asparagus production, including variety selection, site preparation, weed, insect and disease management. Key points:
1) Variety selection is important, with all-male hybrids like 'Jersey Giant' yielding much more than older varieties. Soil pH between 6.5-7.5 and amendments before planting also improve growth.
2) Weed control is a major challenge, requiring elimination of perennials before planting and a combination of cultivation, mulching, cover crops and flaming for annual weeds.
3) Pests like asparagus beetle and rust can reduce yields but can be managed through sanitation, crop rotation and resistant varieties.
Tissue culture is the propagation of plants using plant parts, single cells, or cell groups grown in a sterile, controlled environment. Banana is an important crop for India, contributing 37% of total fruit production. It grows best in tropical climates between 13-38°C with humidity of 75-85%. Good soil for banana has drainage, fertility, and moisture with a pH of 6-7.5. Common varieties include Grand Naine, which is becoming most popular for its stress tolerance and fruit quality. Land preparation involves adding organic matter to pits or furrows which are then planted with banana plants.
The document provides best practices for establishing and maintaining a Wadi programme, which involves planting fruit trees. It outlines recommendations for plot selection and marking, pit digging and filling, graft selection and planting, aftercare including staking, basin preparation, mulching, shade provision, and intercropping. Proper spacing, soil management, irrigation, and integrated pest management are emphasized.
Alternate bearing in avocados is genetically encoded and can be difficult to manage. It is usually precipitated by abnormal crops that stress the tree's resources. While alternate bearing indexes show it is a problem globally, management strategies like pruning, nutrition timing, and growth regulators can help reduce its amplitude. Achieving the proper balance of vegetative and reproductive growth is key to stabilizing yields from year to year.
This presentation only for education purpose. Any one can use this pptx file for their educational purpose. If anyone want any type of presentation , just knock me, I;ll try to help them.
6. cultural control of weeds A lecture by Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Cultural weed control uses non-chemical crop management practices like variety selection, land preparation, and harvesting techniques. It aims to prevent weed growth and reduce weed populations through practices like maintaining soil moisture to suppress weeds, using crop rotations and intercropping to limit available nutrients and space for weeds, and establishing crop stands that are vigorous competitors with weeds through practices like optimizing planting dates and fertilizer application. The document provides 25 specific cultural weed control practices and explains how each works to control weeds without the use of herbicides.
Legume cover crops can provide a significant source of nitrogen (N) in organic farming systems. They fix atmospheric N through symbiotic bacteria, and the legume residue decomposes to release N for subsequent crops. The amount of N contributed depends on the legume species, biomass production, and time of termination. Farmers must determine biomass levels through clipping samples and calculate N content based on tissue testing or estimated percentages. Only about half the total legume N will typically be available to crops in the first year, with the remainder mineralizing in subsequent seasons. Proper species selection and termination timing are important to maximize N benefits while minimizing legume competition with cash crops.
Grasshoppers are difficult to control but their impact can be minimized through preventative management over the long term using non-chemical strategies. These include cultural controls like fall tillage to destroy eggs, trap cropping to concentrate grasshoppers, and encouraging natural predators. Biological controls such as the protozoan Nosema locustae and fungus Beauveria bassiana can be used against nymphs and adults. Physical barriers and traps can also help reduce grasshopper populations. Maintaining farm biodiversity is key to preventing major outbreaks.
Organic Control of White Mold on Soybeans Gardening
This document discusses options for organically controlling white mold, a fungal disease affecting soybeans. It describes how white mold has become a more serious problem due to intensive production practices that create conditions favorable for the fungus. The summary then outlines several non-chemical control strategies, including using resistant soybean varieties, adjusting planting dates and crop canopy, implementing crop rotations, reducing tillage, and using biofungicides to control the fungus.
Organic Alternatives for Late Blight Control in PotatoesGardening
This document summarizes organic alternatives for controlling late blight in potatoes. It discusses that late blight is a serious fungal disease caused by Phytophthora infestans that can destroy potato crops. It provides options for managing the disease organically, including monitoring and forecasting techniques, cultural practices like sanitation and rotation, varietal resistance, and alternative sprays. The summary highlights that several nonchemical options exist to discourage late blight development through cultural practices, varietal resistance, and alternative sprays.
This document provides information on downy mildew, a fungal disease that affects cucurbit crops like cucumbers and melons. It causes yellow spots on leaves and can kill plants. The disease spreads easily in humid conditions and is controlled using resistant varieties, cultural practices, and organic fungicides like copper, neem oil, and biofungicides. The document summarizes monitoring methods and lists alternative pesticide options for organic farmers to manage downy mildew without synthetic chemicals.
Rice stress related gene expression analysis 2019RonHazarika
The study revealed that the proteins seem similar in structure but functionally they are much more diverse. This analysis can help to identify the molecular basis of phenotypic differences and select gene expression targets for in-depth study. The regulation of gene expression in plants, as in other higher eukaryotes, is a subject of daunting complexity.
White mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has become a serious problem for soybean production, especially with intensive production techniques. The disease is favored by specific weather conditions during soybean flowering. To manage white mold, farmers can select moderately resistant soybean varieties, practice canopy management with appropriate row spacing, use delayed planting and rotation to non-host crops like corn or small grains. Reduced tillage may also help by exposing sclerotia to weathering instead of distributing them throughout the soil. The biofungicide Contans, containing the predatory fungus Coniothyrium minitans, shows effectiveness against white mold.
White mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, has become a serious problem for commercial soybean production, especially with intensive production techniques. Non-chemical control options include varietal selection for tolerance, canopy management to promote air flow, delayed planting, crop rotation to non-host crops, reduced tillage, and biofungicides. Integrating multiple management strategies is recommended over relying on any single approach.
Dr. Andrew Hammermeister spoke at the 2013 ACORN Conference about weed management using integrated approaches. He emphasized using many cultural practices tailored to the weed type, rather than relying on a single control method. Weeds fill important ecosystem functions by capturing nutrients and preventing erosion. The optimal strategy depends on the weed - annuals can be killed by knocking down while perennials require repeated cultivation. Timing is also important, as shown by a study where weeding wheat at the 3-leaf stage led to much higher yields than weeding later. The presentation provided several examples of organic farms that successfully manage weeds through crop rotations.
There are several risks that need to be considered for pests and disease in the closed ecological environment of the AgriPOD greenhouse system. Key pests include rats and mice (risk level 2), aphids (risk level 3), and fruit flies (risk level 3-4). Disease risks can be mitigated by maintaining proper hygiene, humidity, water quality, and growing conditions for hydroponic plants. Overall, the enclosed nature of the AgriPOD system helps reduce pest and disease risks compared to a traditional greenhouse. Proper protocols, trained staff, and integrated pest management strategies can help avoid, eliminate, and mitigate the identified risks.
This document discusses micropropagation as a method of clonally propagating plants. It begins by explaining traditional clonal propagation methods and their limitations. It then describes the benefits of micropropagation, which allows for rapid multiplication of plants using small explant tissues in sterile conditions. The document outlines the five main stages of micropropagation: preparation, initiation of cultures, multiplication, rooting, and transplantation. It provides details on each stage, focusing on choices of explants, factors influencing successful culture initiation, and methods of multiplication like regeneration from callus or direct shoot formation. Micropropagation offers advantages like high multiplication rates, disease elimination, and cryopreservation of plant materials.
This newsletter provides information on maintenance tasks, soil health best practices, and pest management for CAFOs. The first article lists key maintenance items for the summer including taking manure samples, updating records, and preparing for changes to regulations. The second discusses the benefits of improved soil health such as organic matter and nutrient balance to help farms withstand variable weather. The third outlines scouting and treatment thresholds for Japanese beetles in corn and soybeans. Research updates are also provided on nitrogen response trials in corn and ongoing fungicide studies.
Western MN and eastern SD Walking Your Fields newsletter for JuneDuPont Pioneer
This issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: corn stand evaluation, herbicide timing, glyphosate considerations, nitrogen loss and a GDU update.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and South Dakota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Syngenta AG is a Swiss-based global company that produces agrochemicals and seeds. As a biotechnology company, it conducts genomic research. It was formed in 2000 by the merger of Novartis Agribusiness and Zeneca Agrochemicals.
Headquarters: Basel, Switzerland
Revenue: 1,264 crores USD (2017)
CEO: J. Erik Fyrwald (1 Jun 2016–)
Parent organization: ChemChina
1. There are two main institutes in India that work on cropping systems: the National Research Centre on Integrated Farming in Bihar and the ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research in Uttar Pradesh.
2. Cropping systems involve growing multiple crops in the same field over a period of time, either together or in sequence. Modern cropping systems aim to maximize productivity while promoting environmental sustainability.
3. Cropping systems can include intercropping, where crops are grown together, or sequential cropping, where crops are grown in succession. Choosing complementary crops that utilize resources efficiently and maintain soil fertility is important.
Trap Crops, Intercropping and Companion Planting - University of Tennesseesodj49v
→ Trap crops and intercropping can benefit crop production by reducing pest damage, attracting beneficial organisms, decreasing the need for external inputs like pesticides, and increasing biodiversity and productivity.
→ Trap crops lure pests away from cash crops using plant volatiles, while intercropping involves growing two or more crops together to occupy different ecological niches.
→ Companion planting establishes different plant species in close proximity to achieve cultural benefits like pest control or increased yields through repellency, attraction of beneficial insects, and habitat provision.
Principles of Sustainable Weed Management for CroplandsGardening
ATTRA is the national sustainable agriculture information service operated by the USDA. It is headquartered in Fayetteville, Arkansas with offices in Montana and California. The document discusses principles of sustainable weed management for crop lands, including using allelopathic cover crops like rye that release chemicals to inhibit weed growth. It also discusses using crop rotations, intercropping, and weed-free cropping designs to manage weeds proactively by addressing their root causes rather than reactively controlling them with tillage and herbicides. The focus is on managing croplands according to nature's principles to reduce weed problems over the long run.
Downy mildew is a destructive fungal disease of cucurbits that is spread by wind and rain. It thrives in cool, humid conditions and can cause leaf death and stunted plant growth. To control downy mildew, farmers can use resistant cucurbit varieties, improve soil health and airflow, and apply organic fungicides like copper, neem oil, biofungicides, hydrogen peroxide, or bicarbonate products. Proper application and monitoring soil copper levels is important when using copper fungicides regularly.
Downy mildew is a destructive fungal disease that affects cucurbit crops like cucumbers and cantaloupe. It is spread by wind and rain and thrives under cool, humid conditions. Symptoms include pale green or yellow leaf spots that are initially on the top of leaves but later show a grayish fungal growth on the bottom. The disease can kill entire plants if left uncontrolled. Management strategies include using resistant varieties, improving soil health and air circulation, applying organic fungicides like copper, neem oil, or biofungicides, and monitoring forecasts to time applications.
Similar to ND & Northern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-July (20)
DuPont Pioneer conducted corn population research trials across North America from 2001-2012. The results showed that the optimal seeding rate depends on yield levels, with higher rates needed for higher yields. For typical Midwest yields of 190-220 bushels per acre in 2013, the optimal economic seeding rate was found to be 34,600 seeds per acre. Hybrid improvements have allowed for higher populations over time, with the top yielding hybrids from 2009-2012 performing best at 40,000 plants per acre. Growers can use these results to determine the best seeding rates for their hybrids, locations, and management practices.
The enormous volume of farm-level data growers now handle—from new precision
ag technologies as well as from traditional information sources—can be unwieldy
and disconnected. Effectively using the data requires the ability to compile and
analyze it to make insightful decisions.
Commodity prices are softening, input costs are on the rise and access to land is a
key concern. To stay competitive, growers must closely manage their operations to
get the most out of every resource.
Growers can’t count on the markets or the weather—except to change. Staying in
business over time means effectively managing the risks growers can control
while minimizing the impact of those they can’t.
Improving sustainability is both a business requirement and good business.
Growers must produce more from every acre while efficiently managing inputs
and being good stewards of the environment.
Northeast MN & northern WI Yields from Your Fields-NovDuPont Pioneer
This is a special edition issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter that contains Yields from Your fields plot results for 2013 in northwest Minnesota and northern Wisconsin.Walking Your Fields is a written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and is distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales professionals.
South central MN Yields from Your Fields -Nov13DuPont Pioneer
This is a special edition issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter that contains Yields from Your fields plot results for 2013 in south central Minnesota.
Walking Your Fields is a written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and is distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales professionals.
Southern WI Yields from Your Fields - Oct 2013DuPont Pioneer
This is a special edition issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter that contains Yields from Your fields plot results for 2013 in southern WI.
Walking Your Fields is a written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and is distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales professionals.
The DuPont Pioneer Drought
Research Council (DRC) published its first article this month titled ‘The U.S. Drought of 2012 in Perspective: A Call to Action’. The paper outlines recommendations for improving food security, including an emphasis on research collaborations; objective, science-based regulations; and, appropriate funding for public agricultural research.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211912413000370
Wisconsin Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugustDuPont Pioneer
This issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: yield monitor calibration, corn drydown and harvest timing and late season soybean diseases.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Western MN and eastern SD Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugustDuPont Pioneer
DuPont Pioneer agronomists talk about yield monitor calibrations, corn drydown and harvest timing, and late season soybean diseases in the August issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in western Minnesota and eastern South Dakota and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Wisconsin Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
This issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: corn root lodging, soybean aphids and diseases, along with the role of water in corn development.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Eastern MN & Western WI Walking Your Fields newsletter-JuneDuPont Pioneer
This June issue of Walking Your Fields newsletter contains articles about: corn stand evaluation, planting date impact on soybeans, nitrogen loss after rain, and early weed control in corn.
Articles are written by DuPont Pioneer agronomists in Minnesota and Wisconsin and are distributed on behalf of DuPont Pioneer account managers and Pioneer sales reps.
Field Facts: Corn Replant Guide Southern USDuPont Pioneer
This guide can be applied to corn grain production in the southern U.S. for high, moderate and low expected yield levels for key hybrids grown in the south.
- The document discusses management options for northern BU corn rootworm (CRW) based on 2012 beetle and root ratings observations.
- It lists several Pioneer corn products with different insect protection traits including Optimum AcreMax 1, Optimum AcreMax, Optimum AcreMax Xtra, and Optimum AcreMax Xtreme.
- It provides brief descriptions of the insect protection technologies contained in each product including Herculex, Herculex I, and Agrisure RW traits.
Establishing a uniform alfalfa stand requires proper field preparation with a firm seedbed, planting the seed at the correct depth, and using the proper seeding rate. A successful stand also depends on addressing soil fertility needs, controlling weeds, and planting during the optimal windows in spring or late summer. The document provides guidelines for soil preparation, seeding, weed control, and the pros and cons of clear seeding versus using a nurse crop.
Pioneer Agronomy Sciences recommends planting corn at a depth of 1.5 to 2 inches for optimal emergence and root development. Studies showed corn planted at 3/4 inches took longer to emerge than corn planted at 2 inches, even in soils prone to crusting. Soil temperature was similar at 3/4 and 2 inch depths early in the season, so warmer soil wasn't responsible for the faster emergence of deeper planted corn. Establishing the nodal root system below the soil line through proper planting depth reduces risks and improves the corn plant's ability to withstand stress.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
2. COMMON QUESTIONS ABOUT SOYBEAN
APHIDS AND THEIR CONTROL
What effect does temperature have on soybean
aphids? Optimum temperatures for soybean aphid
reproduction are in the low 80s. The rate of reproduc-
tion decreases as temperature increases, and is near
zero at 95o
F. However, when the temperature drops
back down into the 70s at night, soybean aphids will
actively reproduce.
What effect does rainfall have on soybean aphid pop-
ulations? Rainfall intensity, wind and plant size all
impact aphid response to rainfall. High intensity rain-
fall with high wind can reduce aphid populations the
most. Moist weather conditions may also increase the
fungal pathogens that infect the aphids. However,
some aphids are likely to survive any rainfall event
and can quickly re-infest plants. Rainfall may knock
the population back, but don‟t count on it. Keep
scouting!
Can soybean aphids re-infest the same field after it
has been sprayed? Yes. Research shows that in-
secticides typically protect plants 14 days or less.
The insecticide degrades over time and any new
growth is unprotected. Aphids can migrate back into
the field. Aphid scouting should commence about 10
days after insecticide application on plants that are
not yet at R6.
For additional information on soybean aphids, visit: http://
www.soybeans.umn.edu/crop/insects/aphid/aphid.htm
Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) can cause significant
yield loss in soybeans and is a pest that is spreading in
northwest MN and eastern ND. Planting SCN-resistant
soybean varieties that include the Peking and PI88788
source of resistance, along with rotating to a non-host
crop are two of the best ways to manage SCN infesta-
tions. University researchers have advised that overuse
of any single source of SCN resistance can lead to SCN
race shifts over
time. Therefore,
it is important to
switch between
varieties and
always scout
fields.
To scout for
SCN, dig up soy-
bean roots and
gently wash the
soil away. Look
for the small light
colored lemon
shaped cysts,
as shown in the
photo.
DuPont Pioneer offers soybean varieties with both
the Peking and the PI88788 source of resistance.
Below are crop and soybean resistant variety rotation
recommendations from the Plant Health Initiative funded
by the Soybean Checkoff:
Rotate with non-host crops to reduce SCN numbers.
Rotate with resistant soybean varieties to reduce yield
loss due to SCN.
Rotate the resistant varieties you use: don‟t use the
same one twice in a row.
Rotate with SCN susceptible soybean varieties only if
SCN numbers are low.
Water is essential to corn growth, especially at tasseling;
when the plants uptake of water increases dramatically.
From tassel through the dent stage, corn demands an
average of a ¼ inch of water per day. Inability to receive
this amount of water can lead to decreased yields.
Root growth can help compensate for the increased wa-
ter need, as the expansion of the root system reaches
deeper into the soil profile to help the plants extract more
soil moisture. However, air temperatures also greatly in-
fluence water needs. Temperatures in the 90s during
corn growth will double the corn water requirement when
compared to temperatures in the 60s. Water stress im-
pacts corn yield the most during pollination, followed by
grain fill, and vegetative growth stages.
Soybean Cyst Nematodes
Photo: DuPont Pioneer
Female cysts of SCN on plant roots.
Role of Water in Corn Development
Table 1. Estimated Corn Evapotranspiration and Yield
Loss per Stress Day During Various Growth Stages
Growth Stage
Evapo-
transpiration*
(inches/day)
% yield loss per
day of stress
(min-ave-max)
Seedling to 4 leaf 0.06 ---
4 leaf to 8 leaf 0.10 ---
8 leaf to 12 leaf 0.18 ---
12 leaf to 16 leaf 0.21 2.1 - 3.0 - 3.7
16 leaf to tasseling 0.33 2.5 - 3.2 - 4.0
Pollination (R1) 0.33 3.0 - 6.8 - 8.0
Blister (R2) 0.33 3.0 - 4.2 - 6.0
Milk (R3) 0.26 3.0 - 4.2 - 5.8
Dough (R4) 0.26 3.0 - 4.0 - 5.0
Dent (R5) 0.26 2.5 - 3.0 - 4.0
Maturity (R6) 0.23 0.0
Adapted from Rhoads and Bennett (1990) and Shaw (1988). From: What
Happens Within The Corn Plant When Drought Occurs? Joe Lauer, Uni-
versity of Wisconsin-Extension, 2003.
*Evapotranspiration is the total of the water used by the corn plant
and water lost to evaporation.
>>
3. Irrigation, when available, is an obvious way to prevent
moisture stress. Checking your fields using probing meth-
ods is important as irrigation must be started early
enough to fully benefit the crop. Most irrigation systems
cannot keep up with crop water demands during the later
critical growth periods (VT to R3). The first priority for irri-
gation should be a 3-week period starting just before tas-
sel (VT) and ending just after silking. Corn is less suscep-
tible to water stress during later grain-development stag-
es (R3). Soil water levels should be maintained to allow
the crop to reach maturity (R6).
Understanding Water Usage in Corn
Water is acquired, used, and lost through evapotranspira-
tion (ET). In this process, water is removed directly from
the soil surface to the atmosphere by evaporation and
through the plant by transpiration. Plant transpiration is
the evaporation of water from leaf and other plant surfac-
es. For corn, evaporation often accounts for 20 to 30 per-
cent and transpiration 70 to 80 percent of total ET over
the length of a growing season.
The amount of water retained for the plant is affected by
the soil texture and organic matter. Soil serves as a res-
ervoir to the plant, even though not all water in the soil is
available to the plant. Water held by the soil between field
capacity and perma-
nent wilting point is
called “plant-available
water”, and varies by
soil texture. Fine
sandy soils have only
about 0.7 to 1.0 inch
of plant available wa-
ter per ft. of soil.
Loams and silt loams
have the highest plant
available water at
about 2 inches per
foot of soil.
Several areas received crop damage due to the recent
hail storms. Yield losses vary based on crop stage and
severity of the damage. Many growers are wondering if a
foliar fungicide should be applied to protect the injured
plant tissue from potential diseases which could cause
additional yield losses later in the growing season.
Fungicides control certain fungi, but provide no control of
bacteria. Many diseases favored by wounding or plant
damage are not controlled with foliar fungicides, such as
the bacterial disease Goss‟s Wilt, and the fungal diseases
that cause common smut and stalk rots in corn. Likewise,
fungicides do not control bacterial diseases in soybeans
such as bacterial blight.
Dr. Carl Bradley, Extension Plant Pathologist at Universi-
ty of Illinois, conducted a study in 2007 near Champaign,
IL. In this replicated study, a weed-eater was used to sim-
ulate hail damage. Treatments included “hail-damaged”
and “non-hail damaged corn” that was either sprayed or
not sprayed with a fungicide. Fungicide applications did
not statistically increase yield when applied on tasseling
corn that was “hail-damaged” the previous day. University
of WI researchers also observed no significant yield ben-
efit from applying fungicides to hail damaged corn or soy-
beans. For the full presentation with details, download:
http://www.soils.wisc.edu/extension/wcmc/2010/ppt/
Conley_hail.pdf
Fungicide applications on hail damaged plants should
only be recommended if there are significant fungal dis-
eases present. Fungicides are effective tools for protect-
ing yield potential of plants if significant disease levels are
present but do not improve the yield potential of crops.
One way to track corn pollination success is to carefully
remove the husk cover from the ear, being careful not to
pull on the silks. Silks that remain attached are evidence
of ovules (kernels) that have not been fertilized. If the
silks fall away, the ovules have been fertilized.
The most critical
period of corn
development is
the two weeks
before and after
silking. During this
period the corn
plant requires its
maximum amount
of water at about
one inch of water
every three days
(0.33 inches of evapotranspiration per day).
Foliar Fungicide Applications on
Damaged Crops
Check Corn Pollination Progress
Image 1. Evapotranspiration is the sum
of evaporation from the land‟s surface +
transpiration from the plant. Image:
SalinityManagementGuide.org
Figure 1. General relationship between soil moisture and tex-
ture. Ohio Agronomy Guide, 14th edition, Bulletin 472-05
4. WALKINGYOURFIELDS®
KB O‟Leary, Crompton, Fore
DuPont Pioneer
Sales & Marketing
PO Box 466
Johnston, IA 50131
ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED PRESORTED
FIRST-CLASS MAIL
U.S. POSTAGE PAID
PHI CUSTOMER INFO