This document discusses the relation between teeth and eye diseases. It summarizes common eye examination techniques used to assess visual acuity at different ages. It then outlines some common causes of vision loss like cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. The document concludes by noting that dental professionals and eye doctors should work together to catch vision-threatening conditions earlier through appropriate medical referrals.

1. The Relation Of Teeth To Diseases Of
The Eye
BY/
MOHAMED ELSHAFIE
LECTURER OF OPHTHALMOLOGY KAFRELSHIEKH UNIVERSITY

2. EXAMINATION
Visual Acuity
(VA)

3. NORMAL
VISUAL
RESPONSE
AGE VISUAL RESPONSE
Newborn Light perception
1 month Fixates and follows interesting bright coloured
objects
3 -4 months Binocular vision
6 months Reach objects using vision
9 months Search for toys
2 years Picture matching

4. FIXATION TARGETS (fix and follow) :
 If appropriate targets are used, this reflex can be demonstrated
by about 6 wk of age.
Binocular fixation preference :

5. OPTICOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS :
 Evaluation of the presence or absence of opticokinetic nystagmus was
the first “technologic” approach to acuity measurement in preverbal
children.

6. VISUAL ACUITY
Rules
 It is a test for central vision only
 Start with one eye (uniocular)
 Good illuminated chart with higher contrast

7. VISUAL ACUITY
Interpretation
UCVA
BCVA
6/6
20/20
1.00
6/6
6/9
6/12
6/18
6/60
5/60
1/60

9. VISUAL ACUITY
Pin Hole test
To differentiate refractive errors
from organic diseases by
blocking peripheral rayes

10. VEDIO

11. Near vision chart

12. REFRACTIVE ERRORS

13. Myopia
 Nearsightedness
 See well up close
but blurry in distance
 Eye is too long
 Light focuses in
front of retina

14. Hyperopia
 Farsightedness
 See well in distance
 Eye is too short
 Focus point is
behind retina

16. ISHIHARA PLATE TO TEST COLOR VISION
(RED-GREEN DEFECTIVE VISION)

17. AMSLER GRID TO ASSESS MACULA..

18. Common causes of dropped vision:

19. Cataract

20. Endophthalmitis

21. Glaucoma
Progressive loss of
Nerve fiber layer at
ONH (increased
cupping)
Can lead to
peripheral visual
field loss
Sometimes caused
by elevated
intraocular
pressure

22. Diabetic Retinopathy
 Diabetes affects retinal
micro-vasculature
 One of leading causes
of blindness among
ages 20-64

23. Macular Degeneration
 #1 cause of blindness in
Americans over
age 65
 Theorized link to
o UV light exposure
o subsequent release of free
radicals
o oxidation within retinal
tissues

24. Retinal Detachment
Flashing lights in peripheral
vision
New floaters—black spots or
‘cobwebs’
Peripheral scotoma—dark
shadow or “curtain” blocking
vision

25. Common causes of red eye:

26. Conditions of
common
interest:

27. Marcus gunn jaw winking

28. Jaw pain

29. Giant cell arteritis

30. Trigeminal neuralgia

31. Behcet disease

32. Sjogren syndrome

33. Dental anathesia

35. Dental surgery

37. Exposure to Blood

38. What should I do if I am
exposed to the blood of a
patient?

40. Working Together
• Together we can catch vision threatening conditions earlier
• Glad to answer questions
• Always happy to take
your calls