Push pull class b amplifier
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This is a ppt presentation on PUSH PULL CLASS B AMPLIFIER. The circuit of a push-pull class B power amplifier consists of two identical transistors T1 and T2 whose bases are connected to the secondary of the center-tapped input transformer Tr1. The emitters are shorted and the collectors are given the VCC supply through the primary of the output transformer Tr2.
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A power amplifier (PA) increases a low-power signal to a higher power signal. There are different classes of PAs based on their conduction angle. A Class A PA conducts over the entire cycle, while a Class B PA conducts for only half the cycle. A Class B stage uses a complementary pair of transistors to push and pull current in a push-pull fashion but suffers from crossover distortion where both transistors are cut off. The efficiency of a Class B stage can reach 78.5% compared to only 25% for a Class A stage, making Class B more suitable for high-power applications.
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The document describes various applications of operational amplifiers including linear and non-linear circuits. Linear applications include scale/inverter circuits, summing amplifiers, subtractors, and instrumentation amplifiers. Non-linear applications include rectifiers, peak detectors, clippers/clampers, sample-and-hold circuits, and logarithmic/antilog amplifiers. The document also discusses voltage to current converters, current to voltage converters, and provides circuit diagrams and analysis for inverting/non-inverting summing amplifiers, subtractors, and instrumentation amplifiers.
Lingad3
The document summarizes different classes of amplifiers, including power amplifiers, class A amplifiers, and class B amplifiers. It describes the main function of power amplifiers as delivering power to the load. It then discusses the single-ended class A amplifier circuit and its low efficiency of less than 30%. Finally, it introduces the class B push-pull amplifier circuit which uses two complementary transistors to conduct alternating half cycles, improving efficiency to around 70%.
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1) Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are devices with very high gain that can be used to perform mathematical operations such as amplification, integration, differentiation, and comparison of voltages.
2) The ideal op-amp has infinite input impedance, zero output impedance, infinite open-loop gain, and infinite bandwidth. Real op-amps have finite characteristics that affect their performance.
3) Common op-amp configurations include the inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, voltage follower, summing amplifier, difference amplifier, integrator, and differentiator. These configurations allow op-amps to perform various signal processing functions.
Op amp
The document describes an experiment to characterize an operational amplifier (op-amp). It outlines the objectives, which include sketching the op-amp symbol, listing its internal stages, explaining negative feedback, discussing op-amp modes and parameters. It also describes measuring key parameters like input bias current, offset voltage, voltage ranges, slew rate and bandwidth. The theory section explains the op-amp symbol, feedback control, transfer characteristics, equivalent circuit and ideal behavior. Key parameters like input modes, differential gain, common mode gain and common mode rejection ratio are also defined.
Ass2
This document summarizes a lecture on power amplifiers, including:
- Different classes of power amplifiers like Class A, B, AB, C, and D based on conduction angle.
- Circuit designs for series-fed and transformer-coupled Class A amplifiers.
- Circuit designs for Class B amplifier using complementary pairs or a Darlington pair to achieve push-pull operation.
- Considerations for efficiency and maximum output power of different classes.
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Push pull class b amplifier
- 1. PUSH PULL CLASS B AMPLIFIER BY, RAGHAVI.S ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
- 2. ANALYSIS OF CLASS B AMPLIFIER INPUT OUTPUT TO GET FULL CYCLE – A PAIR OF TRANSISTORS IS USED THE 2 TRANSISTORS ARE IDENTICAL IN CHARACTERISTICS ARE CALLED MATCHED TRANSISTORS
- 3. 2 CATEGORIES DEPENDING UPON THE TYPES OF 2 TRANSISTORS 1. PUSH PULL CLASS B When both transistors are n-p-n (or) p-n-p either 2. COMPLEMENTARY SYMMETRY CLASS B When the transistors form a complementary pair (i.e)one n-p-n and other p-n-p
- 4. PUSH PULL CLASS B AMPLIFIER - CIRCUIT DRIVER TRANSFORMER OUTPUT TRANSFORMER
- 5. OPERATION FOR POSITIVE HALF CYCLE: Ib2=0 Ic2=0 I/P O/P
- 6. FOR NEGATIVE HALF CYCLE I/P O/P Ib1=0 Ic1=0
- 7. OUTPUT POSITIVE HALF CYCLE 180* OUT OF PHASE NEGATIVE HALF CYCLE +
- 8. IMPORTANT CONCEPT IN OUTPUT TRANSFORMER: THE NUMBER OF TURNS EACH HALF OF THE PRIMARY = N1 SECONDARY = N2 HENCE TOTAL NUMBER OF PRIMARY TURNS = 2N1 RATIO: 2N1:N2
- 9. DC OPERATION • Q point is adjusted on the X – axis such that VCEQ = VCC ICEQ = 0 • Coordinates of the Q point (VCC,0) NO DC BIAS VOLTAGE
- 10. DC POWER INPUT • Each transistor output is in the form of HALF RECTIFIED WAVEFORM. • Im => Peak value of the output current of each transistor • Due to HALF RECTIFIED, the DC VALUE (OR) AVERAGE VALUE is Im/Ꮧ
- 11. AC OPERATION WHEN AC SIGNAL APPLIED • POSITIVE HALF CYCLE: Q1 conducts Lower half of the output transformer does not carry any current Only N1 no of turns carry the current. • NEGATIVE HALF CYCLE: Q2 conducts Upper half of the output transformer does not carry any current Only N1 no of turns carry the current. X X REFELECTED LOAD ON THE PRIMARY, R’L = RL/n2 , where n=N2/N1
- 12. SLOPE OF THE AC LOAD LINE IS -1/R’L THE SLOPE IN TERMS OF Vm AND Im AS, 1/R’L= Im/Vm (i.e) R’L = Vm/Im
- 13. AC POWER OUTPUT Vrms = R’L Irms R’L = Vm/Im Irms = Vrms/ R’L
- 15. IMPORTANT CONCEPT MAXIMUM POSSIBLE THEORETICAL EFFICIENCY IN CASE OF PUSH PULL CLASS B AMPLIFIER IS > THE TRANSFORMER COUPLED CLASS A AMPLIFIER. • FOR PRACTICAL CIRCUITS IT IS UPTO 65 TO 75% UNDER MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY CONDITION: 78.5 Vm = VCC – VCE(MIN)
- 16. POWER DISSIPATION MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION differentiating w.r.t vm
- 17. Pd (max) per transistor,
- 20. ADVANTAGES • The efficiency is much higher than the class A operation. • When there is no input signal, the power dissipation is 0 • The even harmonics get cancelled. This reduces the harmonic distortion. DISADVANTAGES • Two centre tap transformers are necessary • The transformer , make the circuit bulky and hence costlier. • Frequency response is poor.
- 21. THANK YOU ALL