Properties of steam
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This document contains information about different states of matter and heat transfer. It defines steam as a substance that is partially evaporated from its liquid state. Gas is defined as a complete vaporization from liquid. The saturation temperature is the temperature at which water begins to boil at a given pressure. Sensible heat refers to the heat required to raise the temperature of water without changing its state, while latent heat is absorbed during vaporization without changing the temperature. Superheated steam is vapor heated above the saturation temperature at a given pressure during the process of superheating.
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Formation and properties of steam
Steam is the vapor form of water and is used in steam engines and turbines. It forms when water is heated under constant pressure. As water is heated from 0°C, its temperature increases until it reaches the boiling point. At this point, further heating causes water to evaporate into steam while the temperature remains constant. This uses heat energy called the latent heat of vaporization. If heating continues, any remaining water particles evaporate, forming dry saturated steam. Dry steam can be further superheated by adding more heat at constant pressure. The temperature and pressure affect the boiling/saturation point, with higher pressure requiring more heat to reach the same temperature. Superheated steam provides benefits like more power and increased thermal efficiency.
Steam and its properties
The document discusses properties of pure substances and phases of matter. It defines key terms like boiling point, melting point, saturation point, saturation pressure, saturation temperature, and triple point. It also discusses properties of steam like wet steam, dry saturated steam, superheated steam, and dryness fraction. Expressions are provided for enthalpy, internal energy, specific volume of different types of steam. Steam tables listing temperature, pressure, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy values are also included. The Rankine cycle used in steam engines is briefly explained through its four processes of heat addition, expansion, heat rejection and pumping.
Steam and its properties and steam table
Steam is water in its gaseous phase that is formed when water boils. There are three main types of steam: wet steam containing water droplets, dry saturated steam containing no water, and superheated steam which is heated above the saturation temperature. The properties of steam such as temperature, pressure, specific volume, enthalpy, and entropy vary depending on whether it is saturated, wet, or superheated steam. Steam tables contain values of these key thermodynamic properties at different pressures and are used for analyzing steam systems and cycles.
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1) Water is heated in a cylinder fitted with a piston under constant pressure from a weight placed on top.
2) As heat is supplied, the temperature of the water rises until it reaches its boiling point, which depends on the pressure acting on the water.
3) When the boiling point is reached, there is a slight increase in the volume of water as some of it changes from liquid to gas (steam) at a constant temperature.
Ppt of properties of steam
The document discusses steam generation and the temperature-enthalpy (t-h) diagram. It explains that steam can exist in three states - wet steam, dry saturated steam, and superheated steam. The t-h diagram graphically represents the transformation of ice to superheated steam at constant pressure, showing the stages and corresponding temperatures and enthalpies. Methods for determining the dryness fraction of steam using different types of calorimeters are also summarized.
Steam properties and phase diagram
Steam tables are defined as the thermodynamic data that contain the properties of water or steam. ... Property tables list the properties from saturated water to steam
Steam and its properties
This document discusses properties of steam including:
(1) Steam exists in different states such as wet steam, dry steam, and superheated steam.
(2) A temperature-enthalpy diagram is used to represent the transformation of ice to superheated steam through various stages including melting, boiling, and superheating.
(3) Key properties of different steam types such as dryness fraction, density, enthalpy, and specific volume are defined.
Properties of steam (2)
There are three main types of steam: wet steam, dry saturated steam, and superheated steam. Wet steam is a mixture of water molecules and steam at the saturation temperature. Dry saturated steam only contains steam at the saturation temperature. Superheated steam is dry saturated steam that has been heated further, raising its temperature above the saturation point. The document also defines terms like dryness fraction, wetness fraction, priming, degree of superheat, and amount of superheat as they relate to describing the properties and conditions of different types of steam.
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Formation and properties of steam
Steam is the vapor form of water and is used in steam engines and turbines. It forms when water is heated under constant pressure. As water is heated from 0°C, its temperature increases until it reaches the boiling point. At this point, further heating causes water to evaporate into steam while the temperature remains constant. This uses heat energy called the latent heat of vaporization. If heating continues, any remaining water particles evaporate, forming dry saturated steam. Dry steam can be further superheated by adding more heat at constant pressure. The temperature and pressure affect the boiling/saturation point, with higher pressure requiring more heat to reach the same temperature. Superheated steam provides benefits like more power and increased thermal efficiency.
Steam and its properties
The document discusses properties of pure substances and phases of matter. It defines key terms like boiling point, melting point, saturation point, saturation pressure, saturation temperature, and triple point. It also discusses properties of steam like wet steam, dry saturated steam, superheated steam, and dryness fraction. Expressions are provided for enthalpy, internal energy, specific volume of different types of steam. Steam tables listing temperature, pressure, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy values are also included. The Rankine cycle used in steam engines is briefly explained through its four processes of heat addition, expansion, heat rejection and pumping.
Steam and its properties and steam table
Steam is water in its gaseous phase that is formed when water boils. There are three main types of steam: wet steam containing water droplets, dry saturated steam containing no water, and superheated steam which is heated above the saturation temperature. The properties of steam such as temperature, pressure, specific volume, enthalpy, and entropy vary depending on whether it is saturated, wet, or superheated steam. Steam tables contain values of these key thermodynamic properties at different pressures and are used for analyzing steam systems and cycles.
steam formation
1) Water is heated in a cylinder fitted with a piston under constant pressure from a weight placed on top.
2) As heat is supplied, the temperature of the water rises until it reaches its boiling point, which depends on the pressure acting on the water.
3) When the boiling point is reached, there is a slight increase in the volume of water as some of it changes from liquid to gas (steam) at a constant temperature.
Ppt of properties of steam
The document discusses steam generation and the temperature-enthalpy (t-h) diagram. It explains that steam can exist in three states - wet steam, dry saturated steam, and superheated steam. The t-h diagram graphically represents the transformation of ice to superheated steam at constant pressure, showing the stages and corresponding temperatures and enthalpies. Methods for determining the dryness fraction of steam using different types of calorimeters are also summarized.
Steam properties and phase diagram
Steam tables are defined as the thermodynamic data that contain the properties of water or steam. ... Property tables list the properties from saturated water to steam
Steam and its properties
This document discusses properties of steam including:
(1) Steam exists in different states such as wet steam, dry steam, and superheated steam.
(2) A temperature-enthalpy diagram is used to represent the transformation of ice to superheated steam through various stages including melting, boiling, and superheating.
(3) Key properties of different steam types such as dryness fraction, density, enthalpy, and specific volume are defined.
Properties of steam (2)
There are three main types of steam: wet steam, dry saturated steam, and superheated steam. Wet steam is a mixture of water molecules and steam at the saturation temperature. Dry saturated steam only contains steam at the saturation temperature. Superheated steam is dry saturated steam that has been heated further, raising its temperature above the saturation point. The document also defines terms like dryness fraction, wetness fraction, priming, degree of superheat, and amount of superheat as they relate to describing the properties and conditions of different types of steam.
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Temperature causes matter to change states by increasing or decreasing molecular motion. Water changes from a liquid to gas through evaporation when temperature increases the molecular motion, forming water vapor. Clouds are made of water vapor, which condenses back to a liquid through precipitation when cloud temperatures decrease molecular motion. Thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit, Celsius, or Kelvin, with water freezing at 0°C and boiling at 100°C.
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Heat is the total kinetic energy of molecules. It depends on the mass and energy of particles. Heat flows from hot to cold until equilibrium is reached, which is called when heat no longer flows. Heat can be measured in calories, joules, or BTUs. Heat causes substances to expand in volume and become less dense. The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas, with solids having the defined shape and volume and gases having no defined shape or volume. Heat is transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation.
Boiling and vaporization and freezing
Evaporation occurs when a liquid's molecules gain enough energy to transition into a gas phase, which can happen when the liquid is warmed or at room temperature. Boiling happens when a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure of the gas above it, meaning lower external pressures cause liquids to boil at lower temperatures. Freezing is the phase change where a liquid turns solid upon cooling below its freezing point, though some substances have different melting and freezing temperatures and can remain liquid at temperatures below the freezing point.
Pure Substance Pure substance is a chemically homogenous s.docx
Pure Substance
Pure substance is a chemically homogenous substance and invariable in chemical
composition. The chemical composition in a pure substance is in a fixed ratio throughout
the system and does not change during any process. A fixed relationship between the
pressure and temperature of the pure substance can be determined when two phases of a
pure substance are in equilibrium. The pure substance which used in this experiment is
water. Water has a freezing point of 0
o
C and a boiling point of 100
o
C. Besides, it can
exist in three different states which are solid, liquid and gaseous states.
Steam Properties
There are several steam properties and saturation temperature is one of the steam
properties. Saturation is the condition which the mixture of liquid and vapour can exist
together at a given temperature and pressure. Saturation temperature is the equilibrium
temperature during phase change and the temperature where the evaporation or the
condensation process of the pure substance starts to occur in a given system pressure.
Besides, saturation pressure is the equilibrium pressure in a given system temperature.
Property diagram is a diagram which shows the phases of a substance and the
relationships between its properties. There are two common property diagram which are
P-V property diagram and T-V property diagram. Figure 1 below shows the T-V property
diagram which could clearly describe the property of the pure substance during phase
change in this experiment.
Figure 1: Property Diagram
Based on Figure 1, when the saturation temperature is higher than the liquid
temperature, it is fallen into the sub-cooled liquid region. The liquid in this region is
known as sub-cooled liquid or compressed liquid. Next, when the heat is continually
supplied to the liquid, the temperature of the liquid will rise gradually. The liquid will
reach saturation when it reaches the saturation temperature and it is also known as
saturated liquid. Vaporization occurs when further heat is applied and the phase of the
pure substance is starting to change. In this phase, liquid and vapour exist together and
the temperature is in equilibrium. It is known as saturated wet vapour as the vapour
fraction in the mixture is increasing. When the liquid has evaporated fully into vapour
state and the temperature is still remained at saturation temperature, it is known as dry
saturated vapour. Lastly, when the vapour temperature is higher than the saturation
temperature, it is categorized in superheated region and known as superheated vapour.
Enthalpy is one of the steam properties and it is the total sum of internal energy
plus the product of the pressure and volume as shown in the Equation 1 below.
H = U + P * V (Equation 1)
where,
H = Enthalpy (J)
U = Internal Energy (J)
P = Pressure (Pa)
V = Volume (m
3
)
The formula in Equation 1 can be expressed in term o ...
Presentation on evaporaion
Evaporation is the process where a liquid turns into vapor below its boiling point. It occurs when the fast moving particles in a liquid gain enough kinetic energy to break intermolecular forces and escape into a gas phase. The rate of evaporation is affected by temperature, surface area, humidity, and wind speed. Higher temperatures, greater surface areas, lower humidity, and stronger winds all increase the evaporation rate as they allow more liquid particles to enter the vapor phase.
States of matter- Part 2
Latent heat is the energy absorbed or released during a phase change of matter at a constant temperature. There are different types of latent heat including latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization. Latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change a substance from a solid to a liquid or vice versa, while latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change a substance from a liquid to a gas. The amount of latent heat depends on the specific substance and temperature. Vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapors of a liquid or solution and varies with temperature, intermolecular forces, and surface area. Adding a non-volatile solute decreases the vapour pressure of the solvent.
Evaporation is a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surfac...
Evaporation is a type of vaporization where a liquid transforms into a gas from the surface of the liquid without reaching the boiling point, with the molecules near the surface gaining enough kinetic energy to escape into the air. Key factors that influence the evaporation rate include temperature (higher temperatures increase kinetic energy and rate), air flow (faster air flow renews the air in contact and increases rate), concentration (a higher concentration of the evaporating substance in the air slows the rate), and atmospheric pressure (lower pressure makes it easier for molecules to escape into the air). Evaporation plays an important role in the water cycle by transferring water from sources like oceans and soil into water vapor in the air.
J2006 termodinamik 1 unit8
The document defines different phases of steam:
1) Wet steam is a mixture of liquid and vapor at saturation temperature;
2) Saturated steam is all vapor at saturation temperature;
3) Superheated steam is vapor with temperature above saturation.
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- 1. Name : Shrey R. Patel Branch : Chemical Technology Sub : EME Roll No. : 130990136044
- 2. STEAM (Vapor) It is state of substance in which evaporation is not complete from its liquid state. GAS It is state in which there is complete vaporation of liquid.
- 3. The Saturation Temperature is defined as the temperature at which the water begins to boil at the stated pressure.
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