There are three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. A solid changes to a liquid at the melting point, and a liquid changes to a solid at the freezing point, which is equal to the melting point. A liquid changes to a gas at the boiling point, such as water boiling at 100 degrees Celsius. Evaporation is when a liquid turns to a gas at its surface, while boiling occurs throughout the liquid. Some substances like camphor sublimate, changing directly from solid to gas. Distillation involves heating a liquid to boil it, cooling the vapor to recondense it into a pure liquid. Fractional distillation separates mixed liquids based on their different boiling points.

1. Properties of Substance.

2. States
of
matter
Solid
GasLiquid
States of matter
There are there states of matter viz.
SOLID , LIQUID and GAS

3. Change in State of Matter.

4. Melting Point
 The temperature at which a solid substances
changes to liquid is called the MELTING POINT of
the substance .
 The temperature at which liquid changes to solid is
called is called as FREEZING POINT.
 Melting point = Freezing point .

5. Boiling Point
 The constant temperature at which a liquid changes
to vapour is called as its BOILING POINT .
 Boiling Point of water = 100 °C .

6. Evaporation and Sublimation
The process of liquids
converting to their vapour
is called as
EVAPORATION.
Evaporation takes place at
surface of liquid but
boiling takes place all
through it.
Some substances like
camphor ,etc. change
from solid to gas directly
. This process is called
SUBLIMATION .

7. Distillation
 The process in which a liquid is first heated to
boiling point to get vapour & then vapour is cooled to
get pure liquid again is called DISTILLATION.

8. Fractional Distillation
 The process used to separate two or more mixed
liquids .
 For e.g.- the process can be used to separate ethanol
from water.

9. Thank you !