How Does Matter Change From One State To 9

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Temperature causes matter to change states by increasing or decreasing molecular motion. Water changes from a liquid to gas through evaporation when temperature increases the molecular motion, forming water vapor. Clouds are made of water vapor, which condenses back to a liquid through precipitation when cloud temperatures decrease molecular motion. Thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit, Celsius, or Kelvin, with water freezing at 0°C and boiling at 100°C.

How does matter change from one state to another? Temperature

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CHANGEOF STATE STATES OF MATTER There are three states, or phases, of matter. They are: Solid Liquid Gas When a substance changes from one state, or phase, of matter to another we say that it has undergone a change of state. MELTING The change of state from solid to liquid state is called melting. The temperature at which the solid states of the substance changes into the liquid states of the substance is called its melting point. The temperature remains constant until the entire amount solid is converted into liquid state VAPORISATION The change of state from liquid to vapour is called vaporisation. The liquid and vapour states of the substance coexist in thermal equilibrium during the change of state from liquid to vapour. The temperature at which the liquid states of the substance change to its vapour state is called its boiling point. CONDENSATION The process of changing gas (or vapour) to a liquid by cooling is called condensation Condensation is the reverse of boiling (or vaporisation). FREEZING The process f changing a liquid into a solid by cooling is called freezing Freezing is reverse of melting Freezing means solidification. SUBLIMATION AND DESPOSITION The process of changing of solid directly into vapour (or gas) is called sublimation. The process of changing of vapour (or gas) directly into solid is called sublimation and desposition. EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON MELTING POINT Under normal atmospheric pressure, ice melts at 0 °C. However, this can change if the air pressure changes. When the two ice cubes are pressed together, the melting point is lowered. The ice melts since its temperature (0 °C) is above the new melting point. When the ice cubes are released, the ice freezes again at 0 °C joining the two ice cubes together.

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Notes 2: Phase Change • Phase change is a change from one state of matter (solid, liquid, gas) to another. • Phase changes are physical changes because it only affects physical appearance, not chemical make-up and its reversible • Water exists on our planet in three states: Ice, water, and water vapor • Water is different from other substances because it is less dense as a solid than liquid • When temperature changes, molecules speed up/slow down resulting in a change in the average kinetic energy of molecules. • During a phase change, heat energy is either absorbed or released. Heat energy is released as molecules move closer together. Heat energy is absorbed as molecules move farther apart. • During phase changes, temperature does not change. Molecules move closer together or farther apart, resulting in a change in the potential energy of the molecules. • Types of phase changes: Melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, deposition • Melting - Phase change from a solid to a liquid • Freezing- Phase Change from a liquid to a solid • Vaporization - Phase change from a solid or liquid to gas. It occurs at the boiling point of matter or sublimation process. (Water - 100° C, Table salt - 1413° C, Diamond - 4200° C) • Evaporation-type of vaporization in which a liquid turns to a gas on the surface of a liquid (occurs at all temperatures). • Evaporation- a Cooling Process. As water in the perspiration evaporates from your skin it absorbs and carries away heat energy from your body. • Condensation - Phase change from a gas to a liquid. • Water vapor in surrounding air loses heat energy when it comes in contact with the cold glass. Water vapor condenses and becomes liquid drops of water. • Sublimation - Phase change from a solid to a gas. • Deposition - Phase change from a gas to a solid. • Boiling Point - The temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas. 212 F or 100 C • Melting Point - The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid. 32 F or 0 C • Freezing point - The temperature at which a liquid changes into a solid. 32 F or 0 C • Freezing point and melting point of a substance are the same temperature.

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