This document provides information about using an opaque projector and overhead projector for educational presentations. It discusses the main components and functions of each device, including how to properly display materials, prepare transparencies, and operate the equipment safely. Guidelines are provided for font size, margins, and limiting content to optimize visibility. Both projectors allow magnification of materials and facilitate teaching large audiences, though opaque projectors require total darkness while overhead projectors can be used with dimmed lights.

1. NURSING EDUCATION
PRESENTATION
ON
PROJECTED AIDS
TEERTHANKER MAHAVEER
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Presented by-
Ms. Cindrella Burge
M.Sc. Nursing I year
Medical Surgical Nursing Dept

2. OPAQUE PROJECTOR

3. OPAQUE PROJECTOR
 The opaque projector, epidioscope, epidiascope or
episcope; PAXISCOPE
 This is a device that has the capacity to display opaque
materials on a screen by shinning a bright lamp onto
the object.
 A system of mirrors, prisms and/or imaging lenses is
used to focus an image of the material onto a viewing
screen.

4. Conti…
 Opaque projectors are typically used to project images of
book pages, drawings, leaves, etc.
 They have been produced to allow images to be transferred to
surfaces.
 Projectors require brighter bulbs
 Larger lenses
 Care to be taken to prevent material damage by the heat
generated by the light source.
 Not very common

6. Small Episcope for home use

7. Precautions that should be taken for opaque
projector
 Handled carefully
 Protected from breakage
 Away from moisture
 Kept clean
 Preferably kept in a cool room
 Switched off when not in use.

8. Advantages-
 Graphic aids are projected with magnification
 Tracing enlarged images
 No need of clipping picture from book resources
 Flat specimen like coins, cloth pieces, leaves etc.
can also be projected
 Seen conveniently by a large number of students.

9. Disadvantages-
 Demands total darkness
 Bulky machine
 Electricity required
 Difficult maintenance

10. OVER HEAD PROJECTOR

11. Over head projector-
 An OHP is an important electronic teaching aid.
 It is a box with a large “stage” on the top surface. A lamp
from inside the box is condensed by a special type of lens
and passes through the transparency that is placed on the
“stage”. A transparency may be composed of photographic
film or any transparent material capable of being imprinted
with an image by means of chemical, heat process or direct
drawing method.
 This machine projects an image from a transparency.

13. steps
1. Position the projector at least 2-3 meters from the screen.
2. Check if the lenses and glass plate are clean.
3. Place the transparency on the stage as you would normally
view it.
4. Do necessary adjustments with the head assembly and
focusing knob in order to ensure that the projection can be
read by your learners who are seated at the farthest part of
the room.

14. 5. Make sure that your learners can see what you are
projecting.
6. Look at either your class or your transparency and NOT at
the screen. An exception is when you are using a laser
pointer.
7. Place the transparency on the glass plate before turning on
the projector. Turn it off before removing the transparency.
8. Use dim lights.

15. 9. When using an OHP pointer, point it to the
transparency itself and not on the screen. You may also
rest the pointer on the text.
10. Turn off the OHP when you are not using it during
discussions.
11. Make sure that the lamp has cooled before moving
the projector.

17. Preparing a transparency-
 Preparing by writing on cellophane sheets with the
help of an OHP pen
 Colored pens
 Print horizontally on the transparency.
 Use a large text size.
 Use standard fonts.
 Do not overload your transparency.
 Use the rule of 6

18. Rule of 6 for preparing transparencies-
 6 lines per transparency
 6 words per line
 6 mm smallest letter size
 6 cm (3+3 on each side) margin

19. Screens for projections
 Effective utilization of projection material necessitates
careful selection of the screen. Types of screen are –
- Aluminiums coated
- glass board
- Flat white screen
- Screens should be mounted properly and at a proper
angle

20. Advantages of OHP-
 The teacher can maintain eye contact and observe the
reactions of students.
 Small objects can be shown on the machine simply by
placing them on projection slide.
 The graphics and writings can be shown very clearly and
colorfully.
 It does not need as darkened room as compared to other
projectors.

22. SOME DO’S AND DON’T’S WHILE
USING THE OHP-

23. DO’S
 Focus and position image before presentation
 Stand to the side of the screen
 Turn off projector when not in use
 Letters the larger the better
 Use colour to attract attention
 Use pen or ruler to point
 Use upper and lower case letters.

24. DON’T’S
 Walk or stand in front of the screen.
 Leave the projector ON when you’re talking about
something
 Have images type-written or too small
 Use black and white visuals only
 Use finger to point
 Use only capital letter

25. THANK YOU