4. Remember, the difference between your doing
something and doing nothing could be
someone's life. It's far better to do something
than to do nothing.
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5. DEFINITION:DEFINITION:
Cardio pulmonary resuscitation is a technique of
basic life support for oxygenating the brain and
heart until appropriate, definitive medical
treatment can restore normal heart and
ventilatory action.
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7. 3.3. DEFIBRILLATION: DEFIBRILLATION: The delivery of an electrical
current to the he08/10/1908/10/19 20:09art,
across the myocardium to treat the arrhythmias
most commonly associated with sudden cardiac
arrest by attempting to restore normal heart
rhythm.
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10. 6. CHAIN OF SURVIVAL CHAIN OF SURVIVAL : The chain of action that
the American heart association – recommends
be followed in treating a person who suffers
sudden cardiac arrest to increase the chances of
survival. The system includes 4 steps –
early access to an emergency medical system
(calling …), early CPR, early defibrillation with an
AED and early advanced cardiac life support.
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11. 7. ELECTROCARDIAOGRAM (ECG)ELECTROCARDIAOGRAM (ECG): A graphical
representation of electrical impulses produced by
the heart.
8. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES (EMS): EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES (EMS):
The organization providing emergency medical
care to a community’s citizens. An EMS system
may include a notification system, paramedics,
EMTs (emergency medical technicians) and fire,
police or ambulance personnel.
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12. 9. EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN (EMT):EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN (EMT):
A medical professional certified in basic
emergency care, typically after having received
approximately 110 hours of training. An EMT
provides basic life support with techniques
including CPR and Defibrillation with an AED.
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13. 10. HEART ATTACK: HEART ATTACK: Sudden death of a portion
of the heart muscle caused by a sudden
decrease in blood supply to that area. A heart
attack is also referred to as a myocardial
infarction or “MI”. A heart attack may lead to
sudden cardiac arrest but the symptoms, causes
and treatment are different.
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16. To maintain blood CCirculation
To maintain an open and clear AAirway
To maintain BBreathing by external ventilation
To save life of patient
To provide basic life support till medical and advanced life
support arrives
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18. C. A. B
CIRCULATION- promoting artificial circulation by
external cardiac compression.
AIRWAY- maintaining an open airway.
BREATHING- providing artificial ventilation by
rescue breathing.
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19. HERE'S ADVICE FROM THE AMERICANHERE'S ADVICE FROM THE AMERICAN
HEART ASSOCIATION:HEART ASSOCIATION:
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20. Untrained Trained and ready to go Trained but risky
If you're not trained in CPR,
then provide hands-only
CPR. That means
uninterrupted chest
compressions of 100 to 120 a
minute until paramedics
arrive. You don't need to try
rescue breathing.
If you're well-trained and
confident in your ability,
check to see if there is a
pulse and breathing. If there
is no breathing or a pulse
within 10 seconds, begin
chest compressions. Start
CPR with 30 chest
compressions before giving
two rescue breaths.
If you've previously received
CPR training but you're not
confident in your abilities,
then just do chest
compressions at a rate of 100
to 120 a minute.
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21. UPDATED AMERICAN HEARTUPDATED AMERICAN HEART
ASSOCIATION CPR GUIDELINESASSOCIATION CPR GUIDELINES
In 2010, the American heart association
(AHA) issued revised guidelines for CPR
and Emergency Cardiovascular care
science (ECCS). Among the highlights and
changes:
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22. ABC changed to CAB
The biggest change in the basic life support
sequence is from “A-B-C” (Airway, breathing,
chest compressions) to “C-A-B” (Chest
compressions, airway, breathing) for adults and
pediatric patients (children and infants).
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23. Firstly-
Call ambulance no. , the moment you realize the
victim won’t wake up and doesn’t seem to be
breathing right.
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25. IMPORTANCE OF CPRIMPORTANCE OF CPR
1. is a lifesaving technique.
2. aims to keep blood and oxygen flowing
through the body.
3. CPR can keep oxygenated blood flowing to
the brain and other vital organs,
until more definitive medical treatment can
restore a normal heart rhythm.
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26. OBJECTIVE OF CPROBJECTIVE OF CPR
To provide oxygen to the brain , heart and other
vital organs until appropriate or definitive
medical treatment can restore normal heart and
ventilatory function.
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27. KEY POINTS TO REMEMBER
DURING CPR
Start CPR and defibrillator as soon as possible.
If defibrillator is not presently available, continue
with rescue breaths and chest compressions
Compress the chest continuously at a rate of 2
compressions each second.
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28. Give 30 chest compressions with both hands
then open the airway and give 2 rescue breaths.
Compression depth should be between 2 - 2.4
inches or 5-6 cm.
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32. BEFORE YOU BEGINBEFORE YOU BEGIN
Before starting CPR, check:
Is the environment safe for the person?
Is the person conscious or unconscious?
If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake
his or her shoulder and ask loudly, "Are you OK?"
If the person doesn't respond and two people are
available, have one person call 108 or the local
emergency number and
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33. get the AED, if one is available, and have the
other person begin CPR.
If you are alone and have immediate access to a
telephone, call 108 or your local emergency
number before beginning CPR. Get the AED, if
one is available.
As soon as an AED is available, deliver one
shock if instructed by the device, then begin CPR.
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34. THE SEQUENCE OF CPRTHE SEQUENCE OF CPR
The sequence of CPR includes:
CAB
CIRCULATION, AIRWAY AND BREATHING and
begins with an assessment phase to determine the
need for action which includes determining
pulselessness.
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35. COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES
s.no. Age group Compression
hand position
Depth of
compressions
Circulation/
pulse
1. Adult 2 hands in the
center of the chest
2 inches Check the carotid
artery (located in
the neck)
2. Child 1 or 2 hands in the
center of the chest
2 inches Check the carotid
artery (located in
the neck)
3. Infant 2 fingers in the
center of the chest
1 and a half inches Look for the
brachial
artery( located on
the inside of the
upper arm)
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38. AIRTICLESAIRTICLES
Back board or flat surface
Oral airway
A piece of oral barrier device for mouth to mouth
respiration
Mask and ambu bag
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45. Determine the unresponsiveness
Shake shoulders gently, ask ‘ are you all right’?
If he or she responds then its ok , if not then
start the CPR immediately.
Assess circulation feel the carotid pulse. The
carotid artery is used to determine the absence
of pulse.
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47. If on assessment, there are no signs of circulation,
start external cardiac compressions.
Before starting compression, make sure the person is
lying on his or her back on a flat surface
Position hands, arms and shoulders
Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest
Place other hand on the top
Interlock fingers
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48. Rescuers’ shoulders position directly over hands
Elbows should be locked and arms are straight
I. BEGIN COMPRESSION
i. Pressure should come from the shoulders
ii. Compression should depress victim’s chest approx.
2’’ or 5 to 6 cm.
iii.Allow chest to come back up to normal position, after
each compression.
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49. II. AIRWAY MANAGEMENTII. AIRWAY MANAGEMENT
Open and clear the airway- this is achieved by-
HEAD TILT AND CHIN LIFT MANEUVER-HEAD TILT AND CHIN LIFT MANEUVER-
In this, place one hand on the victim’s hairline and
place the other hand’s index finger on the chin and
apply backward pressure.
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51. JAW THRUST MANEUVER-JAW THRUST MANEUVER-
isis accomplished by placing one hand on each side of the victim’s
head, grasping the angles of the victim’s lower jaw, lifting with
both hands. If you suspect the
victim has a Neck injury, then
you have to Place your hands
alongside the Cheeks & pull
the face towards you with your
index fingers.
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53. III. BREATHING -
QUICKLY
OBSERVE
LISTEN
FEEL
for breathing and
pulse.
After the airway
management if
the victim is
still not
breathing, then-
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54. While holding the
airway open, pinch the
nose closed.
Take a breath. Cover
the person’s mouth
with your mouth.
Give 2 breaths (blow
for 1 second each).
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55. Watch for the chest to begin to rise as you give each
breath.
Allow chest to fall
Repeat .
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60. Guidelines for termination of resuscitation are:-
Return of spontaneous circulation.
Arrival of medical team or medical help.
If the rescuer becomes exhausted.
When death is confirmed.
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64. Check for unresponsiveness(Shake /shout)
Check for carotid pulse( not more than 5 sec.)
No circulation (compress the chest at least 120/min.
In ratio of 30 compressions to breaths)
Open airway(head tilt-chin lift thrust method)
Breathe(2 effective breaths)
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65. CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
The emergency substitution of heart and lung
action to restore life to someone who appears
dead. The two main components of conventional
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are chest
compression to make the heart pump and mouth-
to-mouth ventilation to breath for the victim.
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66. Hands-only CPR is a form of resuscitation that
involves continuous, rapid chest compressions
only, and although effective, it is not as beneficial
as conventional CPR in a patient who is not
breathing.
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68. BOOKS
Sr. Nancy (2015), K.P.H nursing books,
student edition, A reference manual for
nurses on CORONARY CARE NURSING
Kluwer W. , 10th
Edition, Lippincott manual of
Nursing Practice
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