Polio is a highly infectious disease caused by three strains of the poliovirus. It mainly affects children under 5 years old and is transmitted through fecal-oral contamination or droplets from infected individuals. While most infections cause mild symptoms, in some cases it can cause paralysis by destroying motor neurons in the spinal cord. There is no cure, but vaccination is the primary prevention method and has been very effective in reducing cases globally through initiatives like the Expanded Programme on Immunization in India.

2. -Presented by
Cindrella Burge
Msc nursing 1st year
Dept. of Medical surgical nursing

3.  Also called polio, infantile paralysis.
 Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious
disease caused by polio virus I, II, III.
 This is a disease of digestive tract but
since it can cause paralysis and
deformity.

4.  Usually attacks the children below 5 years.
 Infection increases in dirty, overcrowded
place, where personal health is neglected.
 Polio virus remains in the throat secretions,
stools of infected persons which can infect
water, milk, food, & other substances.

5.  Transmission- through fecal-oral
contamination, or through droplets;
 flies play an important role in spreading the
disease.
 Can occur more in rainy season.

6.  Caused by polio virus
 Colonizes in the gastrointestinal tract (
specifically) in intestine
 Spread through
 fecal-oral route,
 Oral-oral route,
 Intake of contaminated food/ water

9. Polio
Non-
paralytic
polio
Paralytic
polio
Post-
polio
syndrome

10.  Obortive polio
 Type of polio that doesn’t lead to paralysis
 Symptoms last up to 10 days
 Like
fever, sore throat, headache, vomiting,
fatigue, backache, neck pain, stiffness,
pain/ stiffness in the legs, muscle weakness
or tenderness.

11.  Main symptoms are-
 loss of reflexes
 Severe muscle aches or weakness
 Loose limbs

12.  Disabling signs and symptoms that affect
some people years after having polio
 Like-
 progressive muscle/joint weakness pain,
 fatigue,
 breathing problems,
 swallowing problems,
 decreased tolerance of cold temperature

13.  7 – 14 days

14.  Fever,
 Headache
 Fatigue
 Restlessness
 Vomiting
 diarrhea
 Cough/ cold

15.  Paralysis in
 Lower extremities (most common)
 Face
 Esophagus

16.  Muscular weakness
 Stiffness & pain in the neck, back and lower
part of body

17.  Polio is caused by a virus called polio virus

18. Virus gets
into the body
by mouth
Then moves to
GI Track
towards
intestine
Multiplies
Passes into
the blood
Reaches the
spinal cord
Attacks the
nerves
Destruction of
motor neurons
of brain stem
Result in
polio
paralysis

19.  Detected by signs and symptoms
 Physical examination

20.  Permanent deformity, paralysis, handicaps
 If Respiratory muscles are paralyzed,
death can also occur.

22.  Due to unavailability of any cure till
date, vaccination is the best way of
protection and the only way to control
the spread of disease.
 There are 2 types of vaccines
oral polio vaccine ( OPV )
and
inactivated polio vaccine ( IPV ).

24. ORAL POLIO VACCINE
OPV
INACTIVATED POLIO
VACCINE IPV
Albert sabin develop
sabin vaccine
Jonas salk developed salk
vaccine
Live, attenuated
(weakened) virus
Killed virus
Administered by drops Administered by injection
Highly successful in
reducing transmission in
developing countries as
part of eradication
strategy
Highly effective and safe;
Used in developed countries
Inexpensive Expensive

25. Easy to administer Requires trained health care
worker
Provides humoral, mucosal
and gut immunity
Provides humoral immunity
Prevents paralysis and
prevents re-infection
Prevents paralysis but does
not prevent re-infection
Dose = 2 drops Dose = 0.5 ml
Recommended storage
temperature= -15֯C to -
25֯C
Storage temperature= +2֯C
to +8֯C

26.  Is a system of storing and transporting
vaccine at the recommended temperature
range from the point of manufacture to point
of use.

28.  Analgesics
 Fluid therapy
 Bed rest
 Adequate diet– low in fat, contains adequate
protein and other nutrients
 Minimal exercise
 Hot packs for muscle pain
 Prolong rehabilitation– corrective shoes

29.  Is an immunization campaign
 Established by the government of India
in 1995
 Aim- to eliminate poliomyelitis
in India by monitoring polio cases,
vaccinating under 5 years children
against polio virus through a large scale.

30. Vaccination against polio started with
expanded programme on immunization
in 1978
Universal immunization programme was
launched to cover all districts of the
country
in 1985
UIP become a part of child survival and
safe motherhood program
in 1992
UIP become part of reproductive and
child health program
in 1997
Last report of wild polio case in India
were in west Bengal and Gujarat
on 13 January
2011
WHO declared India a polio free country on 27 march
2014

31. Polio is a contagious viral illness that in its
most severe form causes nerve injury leading
to paralysis, difficulty breathing and
sometimes death. This disease result in the
destruction of motor neurons caused by the
polio virus.