NDT, BOBATH TECHNIQUE, BASIC IDEA OF BOBATH, CONCEPT OF BOBATH, NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF NDT, ICF MODEL, PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF NDT IN STROKE AND CP, AUTOMATIC AND EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS, KEY POINTS OF CONTROL, FACILITATION, INHIBITION AND HANDLING IN NDT
Hierachical theory- says that higher centers control on lower center; but when higher center damage then this inhibitory control from the higher center is loss which leads to exageration of the movt.
In normal individual, these occur a smooth, rhythmic movt. Because there is a presence of control from higher center on lower center.
Controlled use of sensory stimulus.
Specific Motor response
Normalization of muscle tone
Use of Developmental sequences.
Sensorimotor development = from lower to higher level.
Use of activity to demand a purposeful response.
Practice of sensory motor response is necessary for motor learning.
NDT, BOBATH TECHNIQUE, BASIC IDEA OF BOBATH, CONCEPT OF BOBATH, NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF NDT, ICF MODEL, PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF NDT IN STROKE AND CP, AUTOMATIC AND EQUILIBRIUM REACTIONS, KEY POINTS OF CONTROL, FACILITATION, INHIBITION AND HANDLING IN NDT
Hierachical theory- says that higher centers control on lower center; but when higher center damage then this inhibitory control from the higher center is loss which leads to exageration of the movt.
In normal individual, these occur a smooth, rhythmic movt. Because there is a presence of control from higher center on lower center.
Controlled use of sensory stimulus.
Specific Motor response
Normalization of muscle tone
Use of Developmental sequences.
Sensorimotor development = from lower to higher level.
Use of activity to demand a purposeful response.
Practice of sensory motor response is necessary for motor learning.
This ppt describes various movement disorders found commonly in elderly persons. It also describes hyper and hypokinetic disorder categorization with cause and pathophysiology of movement disorders.
Its about the axillary nerve which can get damage or compress which leads to loss of the sensation in shoulder area.
It also affects the range of motion of the affected side .
This can be treated conservatively.
Late response are the most helpful findings in some of the diseases affecting the peripheral nerves, (e.g GBS, Radiculopathies, ). How to assess these responses while performing Nerve Conduction Studies, is the most technical and theoretical consideration.... Here we go with the same things in the stated slides
This ppt describes various movement disorders found commonly in elderly persons. It also describes hyper and hypokinetic disorder categorization with cause and pathophysiology of movement disorders.
Its about the axillary nerve which can get damage or compress which leads to loss of the sensation in shoulder area.
It also affects the range of motion of the affected side .
This can be treated conservatively.
Late response are the most helpful findings in some of the diseases affecting the peripheral nerves, (e.g GBS, Radiculopathies, ). How to assess these responses while performing Nerve Conduction Studies, is the most technical and theoretical consideration.... Here we go with the same things in the stated slides
Goniometry of lower limb joints/ROM of lower limb jointsShalu Thariwal
Goniometer, goniometry, hip joint, knee joint, ankle, ROM, range of motion, hip flexion, knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion and planter flexion, inversion, eversion, alignment, position, fulcrum, stationary arm, moving arm, normal range of motion.
what is COV-2 and what are the recent advancements in management of coronavirus disease, vaccine development, management by drugs and their action, effectiveness of anti viral drugs, anti covid agents and methods of vaccine development and focus on spike protein
what are the mental health effects during COVID 19. symptoms, mental health effects in healthcare providers, in elderly, in covid patients and in children. how to manage these symptoms. psychological health of a person during coronavirus pandemic, WHO, health issues in people during COVID, effects of social media on mental health, psychotherapy and exercise
Coronavirus disease, transmission of COVID 19, signs and symptoms of COVID 19, how it affects respiratory system, pathogenesis of COVID 19, prevention from COVID, vaccine development. COVID 19 pandemic
the endocrine system, types of hormones, endocrine glands in the body, various hormones of pituitary gland, exercise respone to these hormones, upregulation and downregulation, growth hormone, cortisol, glucose, short term and long term effects of exercise, glucose metabolism and fat metabolism, exercise training, resistance, various evidence of previous studies.
what is a sprain and what is the strain, define sprain and grading of sprain, strain and grading of strain, symptoms, causes, treatment, RICE protocol, exercise, prevention, healing of sprain and strain
CNS, spinal cord, parts of brain, cerebrum, lobes of cerebrum, mid brain, hind brain, areas of brain, functions of lobes,spinal nerves, brainstem, brain and spinal cord, function of CNS, meninges of brain and spinal cord
physical medicine and rehabilitation, rehabilitation, aims of PMR, principles of physical medicine and rehabilitation, physiatrist and his role in PMR, goals of physical medicine and rehabilitation, physical rehabilitation and rehabilitation, prevention and learning principles of PMR, multi professional team, multidisciplinary approach, teamwork, team members of rehabilitation, PMR team, description of principles of rehabilitation
typhoid fever caused by salmonella typhi, enteric fever, salmonella typhus, clinical features of typhoid, lab diagnosis and investigations, widal test, treatment 3rd generation cephalosporins, prevention, immunization, complication, rose spots, transmission of typhoid, pathogenesis, etiology of typhoid fever, examination of typhoid, typhoid according to chugh medicine, images from google
anatomy of lumbar spine, biomechanics of lumbar spine, movements at lumbar region, muscles of lumbar region, lumbar vertebra, kinetics and kinematics of lumbar spine
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
2. Define
Involuntary stereotyped movement
responses to a particular stimuli.
Infant stimuli doesn’t last beyond 1
year.
May not completely disappear
by maturing the CNS integrated into new movement
Shalu Thariwal
3. Cont…………
Age specific
Diagnostic tools
Tested carefully
Valuable for motor delay
Determine level of neurological
maturation.
Shalu Thariwal
5. Reflex maturation
Palmer grasp Planter grasp
S: palm stimulate
R: finger close, fist
Duration: 5 month of
gestation to 4 month
postpartum
S: touch ball of foot
R: toes grasp, flexion of
toes
Duration : birth to 1 yr
Shalu Thariwal
6. Cont….
Babinski’s sign
S: stroke on lateral side of foot
R: extension of great toe, fanning
Duration : birth to 4 month
Concern: test of pyramidal tract
Shalu Thariwal
8. Name
(automatic)
Stimulus Response Duration
Moro’s reflex Lower the head of
the baby
Arm, leg extend
and abduct then
adduct
Prenatal to 4
month
Startle Loud noise Arm, leg extend
and then add
2 month to 1 yr
Sucking reflex Touch lips Sucking Upto 3 months
Search reflex Touch cheek Head moves
toward stimuli
Upto 3 month
Palmer mental Scratch palm Jaw opens and
closes
Birth to 3 month
Palmer
mandibular
Pressure to palm Mouth open, neck
flex
3 months
Landans reaction Horizontal position Head, leg and
spine extends
3 to 12 month
Parachute Hold with pelvis Abduction of limbs 4 month to 1 yr
Gallants reaction Stimulate Move in same 2- 6 monthShalu Thariwal
10. Brainstem level
reflexes
Stimulus Response Duration
Asymmetric
tonic neck reflex
Supine, turn
head to 1 side
Limb flex on
occiput side and
extend on facial
side
Birth to 3 month
Symmetric tonic
neck reflex
a)Sitting , flex
the head
Neck and arm
flex, leg extend
Birth to 3 month
b)Sitting and
head extend
Neck and arm
ext, leg flex
-
Tonic
labyrinthine
Supine and
prone position
In supine-
extensor tone
increased, in
prone flexor
tone increased.
Birth to 6 month
- supporting
reaction
Hold axilla and
up on the couch
Flexion attitude Birth to 4 month
+ Supporting
reaction
Hold axilla and
above the floor
then on the
couch
Extension
attitude
Shalu Thariwal
12. Reflexes….
Midbrain level
reflexes
Stimulus Response Duration
Postural
reflex(head and
body righting)
Supine, turn body in
either direction
Head right itself
with the body
1-6 month
Supine, turn head in
either direction
Body right itself
with the head
-
Labyrinthine Body held upright, tilt
in 1 direction
Tilting of head in
opposite direction
2 month to 1 yr
Spinal level
reflexes
Flexor withdrawal Extensor withdrawal Crossed extensor
Stepping and
walking
crawling Swimming
Shalu Thariwal
