This document discusses the physical development of infants and toddlers, including motor development, reflexes, gross and fine motor skills, and sensory and perceptual development. It describes several infant reflexes such as the sucking, rooting, gripping, curling, startle, and tonic neck reflexes. It also outlines milestones in gross motor development and characteristics of vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and intermodal perception in infants.

1. Physical Development of Infants
and Toddlers
Part II

2. Motor Development
• the development of movement

3. Reflexes
Sucking Reflex
Rooting Reflex
Gripping Reflex
Curling Reflex
Startle/Moro Reflex
Gallant Reflex
Tonic Neck Reflex

4. • Any response you have
to a stimulus that is
inherent.

5. • the sucking reflex is initiated when something
touches the roof of an infant's mouth.
• Infants have strong sucking reflex

6. • This reflex begins when
the corner of the baby's
mouth is stroked or
touched.
• This reflex begins when
the corner of the baby's
mouth is stroked or
touched.

7. • otherwise called
"Grasping Reflex"
• Babies will grasp
anything that is
placed in their palm.
• lasts until about 5 to
6 months of age.

8. • otherwise called
Plantar/Babinski Reflex
• inner sole of the baby's
foot is stroked - curling
of toes
• outer sole of the baby's
foot is stroked -
spreading out of toes

9. • often called a startle
reflex because it
usually occurs when
a baby is startled by
a loud sound or
movement.
• last up until 5 to 6
months
• In response to the sound, the
baby throws back his or her
head, extends out the arms and
legs, cries, then pulls the arms
and legs back in.

10. • this is shown when an infant's
middle or lower back is stroked
next to the spinal cord.
• response : baby will curve his
or her body toward the side
which is being stroked.

11. • often called "the fencing position"
• When a baby's head is turned to one side,
the arm on that side stretches out and the
opposite arm bends up at the elbow.

12. Gross motor skill
• generally refer to movements involving larger
muscles, like those in the arms, legs, feet or
the entire body.

13. Milestones in Gross Motor Development

14. Fine motor skills
• generally refer to movements involving
smaller muscles, like those in hands, wrists and
fingers.

15. Sensory and
Perceptual
Development
Characteristics
Vision - 10 to 30 times lower than
normal adult vision.
- (6 mos.) vision becomes better
- (1 yr.old) vision approximates
that of an adult
Hearing - develops much before the birth
- infants sensory thresholds are
somewhat higher than those of
adult

16. Sensory and
Perceptual
Development
Characteristics
Touch and Pain - they do feel pain
- newborn males show a higher
level of cortisol (an indicator of
stress) after a circumcion than
prior to surgery
- babies respond to touch
Taste - sensitivity taste might be present
before birth

17. Sensory and
Perceptual
Development
Characteristics
Smell - it requires several days of
experience to recognize their
mother's breast pad odor.
Intermodal
Perception
- definition: the ability to relate,
connect and integrate information
about two or more sensory
modalities such as vision and
hearing.
- it gets sharpened through
experience

18. Thank You!
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Presented by:
Marjorie Rice
Majelia Rose Dato-on